JP5532630B2 - 膜電極接合体及びその製造方法並びに固体高分子形燃料電池 - Google Patents
膜電極接合体及びその製造方法並びに固体高分子形燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5532630B2 JP5532630B2 JP2009047561A JP2009047561A JP5532630B2 JP 5532630 B2 JP5532630 B2 JP 5532630B2 JP 2009047561 A JP2009047561 A JP 2009047561A JP 2009047561 A JP2009047561 A JP 2009047561A JP 5532630 B2 JP5532630 B2 JP 5532630B2
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Classifications
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- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/8636—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells with a gradient in another property than porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Description
本発明の実施の形態に係る触媒インクの分散媒として使用される溶媒は、触媒粒子や高分子電解質を侵食することなく、高分子電解質が流動性の高い状態で溶解または微細ゲルとして分散できるものであれば特に制限はない。しかし、揮発性の液体有機溶媒が少なくとも含まれることが望ましく、特に限定されるものではないが、メタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノ―ル、2−プロパノ―ル、1−ブタノ−ル、2−ブタノ−ル、イソブチルアルコール、tert−ブチルアルコール、ペンタノ−ル等のアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ペンタノン、メチルイソブチルケトン、へプタノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、アセトニルアセトン、ジイソブチルケトンなどのケトン系溶剤、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、アニソール、メトキシトルエン、ジブチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶剤、その他ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジアセトンアルコール、1−メトキシ−2−プロパノール等の極性溶剤等が使用される。また、これらの溶剤のうち二種以上を混合させたものも使用できる。
本発明の実施の形態で用いる基材Sとしては、セパレータやGDL、ガラスなどを用いることができる。
本発明の実施の形態で用いられる電解質インクに含まれる高分子電解質は、プロトン伝導性があり、特にパーフルオロ型のスルホン酸ポリマー、例えば、製品名としてナフィオン(Nafion、デュポン社の登録商標)、フレミオン(旭硝子社の登録商標)、アシプレックス(旭化成社の登録商標)等を使用できる。また、スルホン化されたPEEK(ポリエーテルエーテルケトン)やPES(ポリエーテルスルホン)、PI(ポリイミド)などの炭化水素電解質も使用できる。
次に、本発明の実施の形態に係る逐次積層型膜電極接合体(MEA)を用いた固体高分子形燃料電池について説明する。
媒層用の触媒インク4’’の調整)
白金担持量が50質量%である白金担持カーボン触媒(商品名:TEC10E50E、田中貴金属工業製)と、20質量%高分子電解質溶液であるナフィオン(登録商標、Dupont社製)を溶媒中で混合し、遊星ボールミル(商品名:Pulverisette7、FRITSCH社製)で分散処理を行った。ボールミルのポット、ボールにはジルコニア製のものを用いた。
ガラス上に高分子フィルム(ポリエチレンテトラフルオロエチレン(ETFE))を粘着剤を介して貼りあわせたものを下地基材Sとして用いた。
ドクターブレードにより、第1の電極触媒層用の触媒インク2’’を基材S上に塗布し、そして5分間乾燥させることで第1の電極触媒層2を作製した。
ドクターブレードにより、目止め層用触媒インク3’’を第1の電極触媒層2上に塗布し、そして10分間乾燥させることで目止め層3を含む第1の電極触媒層2を作製した。また、目止め層3を含む第1の電極触媒層2の厚さは、白金担持量が約0.3mg/cm2になるように調整した。
ドクターブレードにより、目止め層3上に電解質インク1’’を塗布し、塗布後すぐに60℃に設定したオーブン内で5分間乾燥させることで高分子電解質層1を作製した。その後、80℃で真空に設定された乾燥機の中で10分間乾燥させることで高分子電解質層1を作製した。高分子電解質層1の厚さは、ドクターブレードの刃との隙間を調整し、25μmになるようにした。
ドクターブレードにより、第2の電極触媒層用の触媒インク4’’を高分子電解質層1上に塗布し、5分間乾燥させることで第2の電極触媒層4を作製した。また、第2の電極触媒層4の厚さは、白金担時量が約0.3mg/cm2になるように調整した。
(基材S)
ガラス上に高分子フィルム(ポリエチレンテトラフルオロエチレン(ETFE))を粘着剤を介して貼りあわせたものを下地基材Sとして用いた。
ドクターブレードにより、実施例1と同様の第1の電極触媒層用の触媒インク2’’を基材S上に塗布し、そして5分間乾燥させることで第1の電極触媒層2を作製した。また、第1の電極触媒層2の厚さは、白金担持量が約0.3mg/cm2になるように調整した。
ドクターブレードにより、実施例1と同様の電解質インク1’’を第1の電極触媒層2上に塗布し、塗布後すぐに60℃に設定したオーブン内で5分間乾燥させることで高分子電解質層1を作製した。その後、80℃で真空に設定された乾燥機の中で10分間乾燥させることで高分子電解質層1を作製した。高分子電解質層1の厚さは、ドクターブレードの刃との隙間を調整し、25μmになるようにした。
ドクターブレードにより、実施例1と同様の第2の触媒インク4’’を高分子電解質層1上に塗布し、5分間乾燥させることで第2の電極触媒層4を作製した。また、第2の電極触媒層4の厚さは、白金担時量が約0.3mg/cm2になるように調整した。これにより目止め層のない膜電極接合体を作製した。
下地基材Sを剥離し得られた膜電極接合体Aにガス拡散層としてカーボンクロスを挟むように貼り合わせ、発電評価セル(エヌエフ回路設計ブロック社製)内に設置した。これを燃料電池測定装置(商品名:GFI−SG1、東陽テクニカ社製)を用いて、セル温度80℃で、以下に示す運転条件で電流電圧測定を行った。燃料ガスとして水素、酸化剤ガスとして空気を。利用率一定による流量制御を行った。なお、背圧は100kPaとした。加湿器は、アノード100%RH、カソード100%RHとした。
Claims (5)
- 基材上に、触媒を担持した電子伝導物質と高分子電解質と溶媒を含む第1の電極触媒層用の触媒インクを塗布し塗膜を形成し、前記塗膜中の前記溶媒を除去し、第1の電極触媒層を形成し、
前記第1の電極触媒層上に、触媒を担持しない電子伝導物質と高分子電解質と溶媒を含む目止め層用触媒インクを塗布し塗膜を形成し、前記塗膜中の前記溶媒を除去し、目止め層を形成し、
前記目止め層上に、前記高分子電解質と前記溶媒を含む電解質インクを塗布し、塗膜を形成し、前記塗膜中の前記溶媒を除去し、高分子電解質層を形成し、
前記高分子電解質層上に、前記触媒を担持した電子伝導物質と前記高分子電解質と前記溶媒を含む第2の電極触媒層用の触媒インクを塗布し塗膜を形成し、前記塗膜中の前記溶媒を除去し、第2の電極触媒層を形成し、
前記目止め層は、下記式1で計算される前記第1の電極触媒層の前記高分子電解質の比率が、第1の電極触媒層に比べて、前記目止め層が1.2倍以上5.0倍以下であることを特徴とする膜電極接合体の製造方法。
(高分子電解質の質量)/(電子伝導物質の質量)=電極触媒層の高分子電解質の比率・・・(式1) - 前記第1の電極触媒層の触媒インクに含まれる前記高分子電解質と、前記電解質インクに含まれる前記高分子電解質とが同一の材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記高分子電解質層の厚みが25μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法により製造されたことを特徴とする膜電極接合体。
- 請求項4に記載の膜電極接合体が一対のガス拡散層で挟持され、さらに、前記一対のガス拡散層は一対のセパレータで挟持されることを特徴とする固体高分子形燃料電池。
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US11075395B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2021-07-27 | Unist (Ulsan National Institute Of Science And Technology) | Fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with hexagonal boron nitride thin film |
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