JP5529881B2 - 静電容量式センサシステム - Google Patents
静電容量式センサシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5529881B2 JP5529881B2 JP2011535931A JP2011535931A JP5529881B2 JP 5529881 B2 JP5529881 B2 JP 5529881B2 JP 2011535931 A JP2011535931 A JP 2011535931A JP 2011535931 A JP2011535931 A JP 2011535931A JP 5529881 B2 JP5529881 B2 JP 5529881B2
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/017—Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960705—Safety of capacitive touch and proximity switches, e.g. increasing reliability, fail-safe
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/96071—Capacitive touch switches characterised by the detection principle
- H03K2217/960715—Rc-timing; e.g. measurement of variation of charge time or discharge time of the sensor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/96071—Capacitive touch switches characterised by the detection principle
- H03K2217/96072—Phase comparison, i.e. where a phase comparator receives at one input the signal directly from the oscillator, at a second input the same signal but delayed, with a delay depending on a sensing capacitance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
- H03K2217/960765—Details of shielding arrangements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Description
〔数1〕
uS1=u0(1−e-t1/RC1) uS2=u0e-t2/RC1 (1)
となり、この結果、スイッチング時間
〔数2〕
t1=−RC1 ln(1−uS1/u0) t2=−RC1 ln(uS2/u0) (2)
が出る。
〔数3〕
Δt1=−RΔC ln(1−uS1/u0) 及び Δt2=−RΔC ln(uS2/u0) (3)
となり、時間差合計は、
〔数4〕
Δt=Δt1+Δt2=RΔC[ln(u0/uS2)−ln(1−uS1/u0)] (4)
となる。
〔数5〕
u=RC1uB/T[ln(u0/uS2)−ln(1−uS1/u0)] (5)
〔数6〕
r1 2=(x−a)2+y2+z2 (6)
〔数7〕
r2 2=(x+a)2+y2+z2 (7)
〔数8〕
r3 2=x2+(y+a)2+z2 (8)
〔数9〕
r4 2=x2+(y−a)2+z2 (9)
〔数10〕
x=(r1 2−r2 2)/4a (10)
y=(r3 2−r4 2)/4a (10)
〔数11〕
により仮定する。
手短に、静電容量式近接センサに関する本発明による構成体が有する、以下の利点について、改めて強調する。
1.部品の費用が、1つのFET入力段のみ、1つのXORゲート端子、2〜3つの抵抗、及びコンデンサだけとなるため、極めて安くなる。信号生成と処理に必要なマイクロコントローラは、他のシステムにセンサを組込む場合に、既に存在することが多く、単純な必要なセンサ機能にも使用できる。
2.ソースフォロワとしてスイッチされるFETは、反結合のため、ほんの僅かなセンサの固有容量を与えるだけでなく、センサの感度を決定する基本容量を減少させるために、シールド動作への出力としても機能できる。その上、この手段により、センサ機能が高温でも安定し、サンプルのばらつきを軽減できる。
3.能動部品が少数となる結果、極めて消費電力が低くなるが、これはパルス動作で動作するために本構成体の過渡プロセスが極めて短くなることで、僅か数μAにまで減少でき、それによりバッテリで動かした場合に、かなりの効果が得られる。
4.電極配置を適切に選択することで、必要なアースへの結合に関する接近機能の問題を解決できる。これは、バッテリ電源を用いた用途には不可欠である。
5.許容誤差が存在するために必要なセンサの自己較正を、周波数調整による簡単な方法で行うことができる。
6.ゲート端子で充電抵抗を変動させて、異なる電極サイズによる異なる電極容量に対して極めて柔軟な調整を行うことができる。更に、このようにして、外乱に対しても最適な周波数調整を行なえる。
7.センサの反応時間を、場合によっては高信号周波数を柔軟に選択して、数ミリ秒まで減少できる。
8.ジェスチャ検出用センサでのような多電極構成体の場合には、センサ全体を、コンパクトに僅か数cm2に収容できる。
Claims (12)
- センサ電極の環境に関する誘電特性の変化に基づいて、物体の接近に関連する出力信号を生成する回路構成体であって、この回路構成体は、
少なくとも部分的に観察領域と並置したセンサ電極である信号電極と、
矩形波電圧を出力するマイクロコントローラと、
前記マイクロコントローラが出力した前記矩形波電圧を受け取り該矩形波電圧のレベルを調整して出力する分圧器と、
インピーダンス変換器として動作する電界効果トランジスタ(FET)であって、前記分圧器が出力した前記矩形波電圧が、抵抗を介して該電界効果トランジスタのゲート端子に印加されると同時に、前記信号電極(ES)にも印加されるように、前記回路構成体に組込まれて、ソースフォロワにして前記回路構成体の入力段として動作する前記電界効果トランジスタとを備え、
充電用の前記抵抗は、前記電界効果トランジスタの前記ゲート端子において、前記矩形波電圧の第1の半周期において略完全な充電がなされ、続く第2の半周期において略完全な放電が行われるように定められ、
前記接近は、前記充電に伴う時間間隔t1の時間差と前記放電に伴う時間間隔t2の時間差に基づいて検出されることを特徴とする回路構成体。 - 回路接地に接続された接地電極をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記分圧器は前記信号電極と前記接地電極とで形成した寄生コンデンサの効果に対して調整されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記マイクロコントローラが送出する前記矩形波電圧を、80〜120kHzの周波数範囲とすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記電界効果トランジスタの前記ゲート端子と前記回路接地間の有効な静電容量は充電電圧u 0 まで充電され、時間間隔t1が閾値電圧値u S1 で決定され、前記矩形波電圧のサイクル時間Tの半分後に放電され、時間間隔t2が閾値電圧値u S2 で決定されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記電界効果トランジスタの前記ゲート端子の充放電に係る前記時間間隔を、
t1=−RC1 ln(1−u S1 /u 0 )と
t2=−RC1 ln(u S2 /u 0 )
とを適用して調整することであって、
Rは前記抵抗の抵抗値を表し、C1は前記有効な静電容量の容量値を表すことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の回路構成体。 - 前記充電抵抗を、前記矩形波電圧の半周期T/2毎に前記電界効果トランジスタの前記ゲート端子で略完全に充放電するようにしつつ、最大にするように決定することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の回路構成体。
- シールド電極を、前記信号電極と前記接地電極との間に設けることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記シールド電極を、前記ソースフォロワの出力に接続し、前記ゲート端子と略等しい電位にすることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記シールド電極は前記ゲート端子を、前記信号電極に接続する同軸ケーブルの編組により提供されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記接近した場合での前記充放電に関する前記時間差を評価するために、組込んだシュミットトリガによって前記入力をスイッチできるXORゲート端子を使用することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の回路構成体。
- 前記時間差は、前記XOR出力に接続したローパスフィルタによって得た直流電圧で表せることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の回路構成体。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008057823.1 | 2008-11-18 | ||
DE102008057823A DE102008057823A1 (de) | 2008-11-18 | 2008-11-18 | Kapazitives Sensorsystem |
PCT/EP2009/008213 WO2010057625A1 (de) | 2008-11-18 | 2009-11-18 | Kapazitives sensorsystem |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2012509610A JP2012509610A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
JP2012509610A5 JP2012509610A5 (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
JP5529881B2 true JP5529881B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
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JP2011535931A Expired - Fee Related JP5529881B2 (ja) | 2008-11-18 | 2009-11-18 | 静電容量式センサシステム |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10003334B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2359476B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5529881B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101772919B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102273075B (ja) |
DE (2) | DE102008057823A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI530097B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010057625A1 (ja) |
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-
2008
- 2008-11-18 DE DE102008057823A patent/DE102008057823A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-11-18 DE DE112009004269T patent/DE112009004269A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-11-18 EP EP09799244.0A patent/EP2359476B1/de active Active
- 2009-11-18 KR KR1020117014031A patent/KR101772919B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-11-18 JP JP2011535931A patent/JP5529881B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-18 WO PCT/EP2009/008213 patent/WO2010057625A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-11-18 US US12/743,676 patent/US10003334B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-18 CN CN200980154103.0A patent/CN102273075B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-18 TW TW098139085A patent/TWI530097B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102273075B (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
US10003334B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
KR101772919B1 (ko) | 2017-08-30 |
DE102008057823A1 (de) | 2010-08-19 |
JP2012509610A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
US20110304576A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
CN102273075A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
TW201032473A (en) | 2010-09-01 |
EP2359476B1 (de) | 2020-05-20 |
TWI530097B (zh) | 2016-04-11 |
EP2359476A1 (de) | 2011-08-24 |
KR20110097851A (ko) | 2011-08-31 |
DE112009004269A5 (de) | 2013-01-03 |
WO2010057625A1 (de) | 2010-05-27 |
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