JP5492767B2 - 高速なオプション価格付けの方法およびシステム - Google Patents
高速なオプション価格付けの方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Description
C(n,i,j)=max[R(pC(n,i−1,j+1)+(1−p)C(n,i−1,j)),Sujd|i−j|−K] (3)
ただし、Rは正規化された金利を表し、ここでは
R=e−rT/n (4)
またここでは:
C(n,0,j)=max(0,ujdn−jS−K)、ここでj=0,1,…,n (6)
C(n,i,j)=max[R(pC(n,i−1,j+1)+(1−p)C(n,i−1,j)),K−Sujd|i−j|] (3a)
この式は、時間ステップnにおいて次のように初期設定する:
C(n,0,j)=max(0,K−ujdn−jS)、ここでj=0,1,…,n (6a)
さらにまた、式3および3aは、アメリカンオプションとヨーロピアンオプションの両方の理論上の適正市場価格を計算するために使用されることが可能であることに注意されたい。
Claims (32)
- (1)金融市場のデータを含んでいるデータストリームを受け取る、および(2)受け取ったデータストリームの少なくとも一部について複数のオプション価格付け演算を同時に行うように構成された再構成可能な論理素子
を含む、金融市場のデータを処理するためのデバイス。 - 再構成可能な論理素子がさらに、オプション価格付け演算に基づいて、原金融商品に関するオプションのインプライドボラティリティを計算するように構成される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- オプションの価格付け演算が、オプションの複数の理論上の適正市場価格の計算を含む、請求項1から2のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 再構成可能な論理素子が、同時にオプション価格付け演算を行うように構成された複数の並列計算ユニットを含むファームウェアアプリケーションモジュールのパイプラインで構成された、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 並列計算ユニットのうちの少なくとも1つの計算ユニットが、複数のパイプラインステージを含み、最後のパイプラインステージを除く複数のパイプラインステージが、複数の並列計算ノードを含み、計算ノードのそれぞれが、段階的なオプション価格付けモデルのステップを計算するように構成され、
各計算ノードが、隣接する2つのパイプラインステージの間において、前段であるパイプラインステージに含まれる少なくとも2つの計算ノードからの出力を、後段であるパイプラインステージに含まれる1つの計算ノードが受け取るように構成され、
最後のパイプラインステージの出力が、オプションの計算された理論上の適正市場価格を含む、請求項4に記載のデバイス。 - 並列計算ユニットのうちの少なくとも1つが、複数のパイプラインステージを含み、複数のパイプラインステージが、上方の倍数因子および下方の倍数因子に基づいてオプション価格付けモデルについて複数の金融商品価格を計算するように構成され、上方の倍数因子および下方の倍数因子が、受け取られたボラティリティ値の関数である、請求項4に記載のデバイス。
- 少なくとも1つの並列計算ユニットがさらに、第2のセットのパイプラインステージを含み、第2のセットのパイプラインステージが、理論上の適正市場価格の計算で使用されるオプション価格付けモデルの複数の確率項を計算するように構成された、請求項6に記載のデバイス。
- パイプラインステージの2つのセットが、互いと並行に配置され、デバイスがさらに、2つのセットのパイプラインステージから下流の組合せ論理ステージを含み、組合せ論理ステージが、第1のセットのパイプラインステージによって生成された複数の最終的な金融商品の価格および第2のセットのパイプラインステージからの計算された確率項に基づいて、オプションの理論上の適正市場価格を計算するように構成された、請求項7に記載のデバイス。
- オプションについて記述するデータが、対象のオプションがコールオプションまたはプットオプションのどちらであるのかを特定するフラッグを含み、並列計算ユニットのうちの少なくとも1つが、コールオプションの理論上の適正市場価格を計算するように構成された第1計算パスおよびプットオプションの理論上の適正市場価格を計算するように構成された第2計算パスを含み、少なくとも1つの並列計算ユニットがさらに、対象のオプションのフラッグに基づいて、オプションについて記述するデータを第1計算パスまたは第2計算パスに選択的に経路設定するように構成された、請求項4に記載のデバイス。
- 再構成可能な論理素子がさらに、インプライドボラティリティを計算するために同時オプション価格付け演算を反復的に行うように構成される、請求項2に記載のデバイス。
- 再構成可能な論理素子が、オプションのボラティリティで索引付けされたルックアップテーブルを使用して理論上の適正市場価格の計算を行うように構成され、ルックアップテーブルが複数の異なるボラティリティ値について複数の予め計算されたパラメータを格納するように構成され、再構成可能な論理素子は予め計算されたパラメータを使用して理論上の適正市場価格を計算するようにさらに構成される、請求項3に記載のデバイス。
- 各並列計算ユニットが、ルックアップテーブル、ルックアップユニットおよび組合せ論理ステージを含み、
各並列計算ユニットのルックアップテーブルが、ボラティリティ値とオプションの残存期間で索引付けされ、複数の予め計算された項を格納し、
各並列計算ユニットのルックアップユニットが、与えられたボラティリティ値およびオプションについて記述するデータが示すオプションの残存期間に基づいてルックアップテーブルにアクセスして、それによってそのオプションに適用できる複数の予め計算された項を取り出すように構成され、
各並列計算ユニットの組合せ論理ステージが、オプションについて記述するデータおよび取り出された予め計算された項に少なくとも部分的に基づいてオプション価格付けモデルにより理論上の適正市場価格を計算するように構成された、請求項4に記載のデバイス。 - 組合せ論理ステージが、複数の並列計算パイプラインおよび並列計算パイプラインの下流の加算器を含み、各計算パイプラインが、オプションについて記述するデータおよび取り出された予め計算された項に少なくとも部分的に基づいて理論上の適正市場価格の副構成要素を他の並列計算パイプラインと並列に計算するように構成され、加算器が、並列計算パイプラインによって作られた計算された副構成要素を合計することによってオプションの理論上の適正市場価格を計算するように構成された、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 再構成可能な論理素子がさらに、複数のパイプラインステージによって理論上の適正市場価格の計算において使用される複数の構成要素の項を直接計算するように構成され、複数のパイプラインステージが複数の並列計算ユニットを含む、請求項3に記載のデバイス。
- 原金融商品のボラティリティ値の複数の帯域のそれぞれについて、各帯域の2つの境界のボラティリティ値に対応するオプションの理論上の適正市場価格を並列に計算することによって複数のオプション価格付け演算を同時に実行することと、
計算された複数の理論上の適正市場価格のうち、オプションの実際の購入価格との差が所定のしきい値未満である適正市場価格が存在する場合、所定のしきい値未満である差を有する適正市場価格に対応するボラティリティ値をオプションのインプライドボラティリティとして定義することと、
計算された複数の理論上の適正市場価格のうち、オプションの実際の購入価格との差が所定のしきい値未満である適正市場価格が存在しない場合、(i)インプライドボラティリティが複数の帯域のうちの1つの帯域の2つの境界のボラティリティ値の間に入る帯域を特定することと、(ii)特定された帯域を分割することと、(iii)分割された帯域を新たな複数の帯域として定義することと
を含むボラティリティ処理を、オプションのインプライドボラティリティが定義されるまで、反復的に実行するように構成された、請求項1に記載のデバイス。 - 再構成可能な論理素子が、
第1の反復について、原金融商品のボラティリティ値の範囲が複数mの帯域に細分されるように複数のボラティリティ値を定義し、
定義されたボラティリティ値のそれぞれについて理論上の適正市場価格を計算することによって、第1の反復について理論上の適正市場価格計算を実行する
ようにさらに構成された、請求項15に記載のデバイス。 - 再構成可能な論理素子が、(i)m個の帯域のうちのどの帯域が、実際の購入価格が第1の境界における計算された理論上の適正市場価格と第2の境界における計算された理論上の適正市場価格との間に入るような第1の境界における計算された理論上の適正市場価格および第2の境界における計算された理論上の適正市場価格を有するかを求めること、および(ii)求められた帯域を特定された帯域として選択することによって帯域特定動作を実行するようにさらに構成された、請求項16に記載のデバイス。
- 再構成可能な論理素子が、各反復について、(i)選択された帯域が複数mの帯域に細分されるように選択された帯域内の複数のボラティリティ値を定めること、(ii)選択された帯域内の定められたボラティリティ値について複数の理論上の適正市場価格を計算すること、および(iii)選択された帯域のm個の帯域について帯域特定ステップを実行することによって反復して狭め、繰り返す動作を実行するようにさらに構成された、請求項17に記載のデバイス。
- 再構成可能な論理素子を介して金融市場のデータを流すこと、および
金融市場のデータが通って流れるとき金融市場のデータの少なくとも一部について再構成可能な論理素子を用いて複数のオプション価格付け演算を同時に実行すること
を含む、金融市場のデータを処理する方法。 - オプション価格付け演算に基づいて、原金融商品に関するオプションのインプライドボラティリティを計算することをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 同時に実行することが、オプションの複数の理論上の適正市場価格を同時に計算することを含む、請求項19から20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 同時に実行することおよび計算することが、ファームウェアアプリケーションモジュールのパイプラインを用いて実行される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 計算されたインプライドボラティリティをブラックボックス取引アルゴリズムに送ること、および
計算されたインプライドボラティリティに少なくとも部分的に基づいてブラックボックス取引アルゴリズムによってオプションに関する取引を自動的に行うこと
をさらに含む、請求項20または22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 計算されたインプライドボラティリティに少なくとも部分的に基づいて自動気配値サーバを用いてオプションの気配値を自動的に生成すること
をさらに含む、請求項20または22から23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - ボラティリティ値で索引付けされたルックアップテーブルに複数の異なるボラティリティ値について複数の予め計算されたパラメータを格納すること、および
ルックアップテーブルへのボラティリティ値としてオプションのボラティリティ値を使用して、ルックアップテーブルから同時に実行することで使用するための予め計算されたパラメータを取り出すことをさらに含み、
理論上の適正市場価格を計算することが、取り出された予め計算されたパラメータに少なくとも部分的に基づいて理論上の適正市場価格を並列に計算することを含む、
請求項21に記載の方法。 - 計算された理論上の適正市場価格をブラックボックス取引アルゴリズムに送ること、および
送られた理論上の適正市場価格に少なくとも部分的に基づいてブラックボックス取引アルゴリズムによってオプションに関する取引を自動的に行うこと
をさらに含む、請求項21または25に記載の方法。 - 計算された理論上の適正市場価格に少なくとも部分的に基づいて自動気配値サーバを用いてオプションの気配値を自動的に生成すること
をさらに含む、請求項21または25から26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 理論上の適正市場価格を計算することが、複数の並列計算ユニットを含む複数のパイプラインステージによって、理論上の適正市場価格の計算において使用される複数の構成要素の項を直接計算することを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 実行することが、オプションのインプライドボラティリティが定義されるまで、ボラティリティ処理を反復的に実行することを含み、ボラティリティ処理が、
原金融商品のボラティリティ値の複数の帯域のそれぞれについて、各帯域の2つの境界のボラティリティ値に対応するオプションの複数の理論上の適正市場価格を並列に計算することによって複数のオプション価格付け演算を同時に実行すること、
計算された複数の理論上の適正市場価格のうち、オプションの実際の購入価格との差が所定のしきい値未満である適正市場価格が存在する場合、所定のしきい値未満である差を有する適正市場価格に対応するボラティリティ値をオプションのインプライドボラティリティとして定義すること、および
計算された複数の理論上の適正市場価格のうち、オプションの実際の購入価格との差が所定のしきい値未満である適正市場価格が存在しない場合、(i)インプライドボラティリティが複数の帯域のうちの1つの帯域の2つの境界のボラティリティ値の間に入る帯域を特定すること、(ii)特定された帯域を分割すること、および(iii)分割された帯域を新たな複数の帯域として定義すること
を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。 - 第1の反復について、原金融商品のボラティリティ値の範囲が複数mの帯域に細分されるように、複数のボラティリティ値を定めることをさらに含み、
第1の反復についての計算することが、定義されたボラティリティ値のそれぞれについて理論上の適正市場価格を計算することを含む、
請求項29に記載の方法。 - 帯域を特定することが、
m個の帯域のうちのどの帯域が、実際の購入価格が第1の境界の計算された理論上の適正市場価格と第2の境界の計算された理論上の適正市場価格の間に入るような第1の境界の計算された理論上の適正市場価格および第2の境界の計算された理論上の適正市場価格を有するかを求めること、および
求められた帯域を特定された帯域として選択すること
を含む、請求項30に記載の方法。 - ボラティリティ処理を実行することが、
各反復について、(1)選択された帯域が複数mの帯域に細分されるように選択された帯域内の複数のボラティリティ値を定めること、(2)選択された帯域内の定められたボラティリティ値について複数の理論上の適正市場価格を計算すること、および(3)選択された帯域のm個の帯域について帯域を特定することを実行すること
をさらに含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
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EP2168093A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
US7840482B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
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CA2688502C (en) | 2017-10-10 |
US8843408B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
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