JP5482344B2 - 難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物とブロー成形容器 - Google Patents
難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物とブロー成形容器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5482344B2 JP5482344B2 JP2010062066A JP2010062066A JP5482344B2 JP 5482344 B2 JP5482344 B2 JP 5482344B2 JP 2010062066 A JP2010062066 A JP 2010062066A JP 2010062066 A JP2010062066 A JP 2010062066A JP 5482344 B2 JP5482344 B2 JP 5482344B2
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- YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxycarbonyloxy propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCC YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000646 scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YXTFRJVQOWZDPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,5-dicarboxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 YXTFRJVQOWZDPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 3-(3-oxo-3-tetradecoxypropyl)sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZSKHRTUXHLAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C AZSKHRTUXHLAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOZBTDPWFHJVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC OOZBTDPWFHJVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Description
(A)ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂50〜80質量%
(B)ポリカーボネート樹脂10〜40質量%
(C)Tgが35℃未満の重合体5〜30質量%
(D)残炭素率15質量%以上の芳香族樹脂0.5〜5質量%
を含有し、前記残炭素率15質量%以上の芳香族樹脂が、フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド又はポリフェニレンスルフィドのいずれか、又はフェノール樹脂とポリフェニレンスルフィドを併用するものであることを特徴とする難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物に関する。
本発明の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物(以下、樹脂組成物ということがある)に配合される(A)成分としてのポリエステル樹脂は特に限定されるものではなく、ジカルボン酸単位又はエステル形成能を持つそれらの誘導体と、ジオール単位又はエステル形成能を持つそれら誘導体とを公知の方法で重縮合して得られるポリエステル樹脂である。
(A)成分の好ましい実施形態として、(A)成分の80質量%以上99質量%未満がPETであり、1質量%以上20質量%未満がPENであるとブロー成形前のプリフォーム成形が容易となるので好ましい。
(B)成分としてのポリカーボネート樹脂(以下、PCということがある)は、二価フェノールとカーボネート前駆体とを反応させることによって得られる芳香族ポリカーボネートである。その製造方法は公知の方法が採用でき、例えば、二価フェノールにホスゲン等のカーボネート前駆体を直接反応させる方法(界面重合法)、又は二価フェノールとジフェニルカーボネート等のカーボネート前駆体とを溶融状態でエステル交換反応させる方法(溶液法)などが知られている。
(C)成分としてTgが35℃未満の高分子量体を添加するが、ここでTgとは示差熱走査熱分析(DSC)で得られた値であり、高分子量体の中には2種類以上Tgを有する場合がある。少なくとも1つ35℃未満のTgがDSCで観察されれば、本発明に用いることができる。本成分として好ましいのは、ポリエチレン(Tg:−110℃、Tg:−20℃)およびそのコポリマーあるいはそのグラフトポリマー、ポリプロピレン(Tg)およびそのコポリマーあるいはそのグラフトポリマー、ポリ酢酸ビニル(Tg:30℃)およびそのコポリマー、酢酸ビニルのグラフトポリマー、ゴム状重合体であるが、ゴム状重合体と樹脂との共重合体も用いることができる。本発明の(C)成分としては、少なくとも1つ35℃未満のTgを有する重合体である。30質量%以上Tgが35℃以上の成分が配合された場合には、本発明の目的であるブロー成形温度を低くすることができにくいので好ましくない。以下に35℃未満にTgを少なくとも一つ有するゴム状重合体の説明をする。
(D)成分として用いる、残炭率15%以上の重合体としてはフェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド、尿素樹脂、フラン樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド(以下、PPSということがある)などを用いることができる。ここで残炭率15%以上とは、重合体を窒素中5℃/minの加熱速度で熱質量分析を行い、600℃における残渣量の割合である。好ましい重合体としては残炭率35%以上のフェノール樹脂またはPPSである。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物はいわゆる溶融混練法によって製造できる。すなわち、少なくとも上記した(A)〜(D)成分を含む高分子混合物を溶融・混練し、冷却する。冷却物は、次工程(例えば、成形工程)での処理を容易にするために、通常、粉砕によってペレタイズされる。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物は、以下に示す好ましい実施形態に係る製造方法によって製造されると、ゴム状重合体(C)の微分散が達成される。しかも自己消火性、ならびにブロー成形体の靱性が顕著に向上するので、ブロー成形でできた容器に手で繰り返し力を加えても割れることはない。
以上の方法で製造された本発明の樹脂組成物は通常、冷却・粉砕されてペレットの形態を有しているので、当該ペレットを、射出成形法、押出成形法、圧縮成形法、ブロー成形法、射出圧縮成形法などの公知の各種成形法に適用することによって、任意の形状が付与された成形体を製造できる。特にブロー成形法においては、(A)(B)(C)(D)を組み合わせた効果として50質量%以上を占めるポリエステル樹脂単独で行った場合よりも低温度で成形でき、得られた成形体がハロゲンを含む難燃剤を用いていないにもかかわらず自己消火性を有する特徴をもつ。
(A)成分
PET:固有粘度0.78dl/gのポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂ペレット。前記同様のDSC法による融点は267℃で、ガラス転移温度は73℃であった。
R−PET:(回収ポリエチレンテレフタレート);
固有粘度0.68dl/gの使用済みの廃棄PETボトルの大きさ2〜8mmのフレーク状粉砕品(洗浄品)。なお、このPETフレークの昇温速度20℃/分におけるDSC法(セイコーインスツル社製DSC7000使用)による結晶融解ピークの終点の温度(融点)は263℃であった。また、同DSC法によるガラス転移温度は69℃であった。
(B)成分
PC1:回収ポリカーボネート
廃棄コンパクトディスクより反射層、記録層等を剥離後、大きさ1〜5mmのフレーク状に粉砕したもの(基板のPCは三菱エンジニアリングプラスチック(株)製ユーピロンH4000、分子量約15,000)。前記同様のDSC法によるガラス転移温度は148℃であった。
PC2:
タフロンA2500(出光石油化学(株)製、分子量約23,500)。前記同様のDSC法によるガラス転移温度は168℃であった。
(C成分)
PAAV:
ポリ酢酸ビニル、Tg30℃
COM1:
ポリエチレン(日本ポリエチレン、ハーモレックス、Tg;−125℃)とエチレン−アクリル酸コポリマー(日本ポリエチレン、REXPERL EMA ET440H Tg;−120℃)とEPDMの1:1:3の混合物
COM2:
エチレン−アクリル酸メチルのコポリマー(日本ポリエチレン、REXPERL EMA EB330H Tg:−120℃)とEPDMの1:4の混合物
COM3:
ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体ゴム(JSRドライSBR;JSR社製)。ジエン含有量26質量%。数平均分子量5×105。Tgは−35であった。このゴムとポリプロピレン(東洋紡績バイレンTg0℃)の4:1混合物
COM4:
グリシジルメタクリレートとポリエチレンとポリスチレンの共重合物(日本油脂モディパーA4100)とEPDMの1:5の混合物
EPDM:
エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体ゴム(EPDM、ダウ(株)製、Nordel IP) ジエン含有量17質量%、数平均分子量105、Tg;−37℃
6N:
6ナイロン Tg48℃、東レアミランCM101T
(D成分)
TAN1:
PhとPPSの1:1混合物
TAN2:
PhとPPSの2:1混合物
PPS:
ポリフェニレンスルフィド(トレリナ;東レ社製、Tm283℃)
PI:
ポリイミド(宇部興産、ペティ330)
Ph:
フェノール樹脂(住友ベークライト、PR−12687、ノボラック型フェノール樹脂、Tm78℃、粉末)
混練装置;
混練装置は(株)神戸製鋼所製の減圧ベント付き二軸押出機KTX30を用いた。この装置のシリンダ部は温調ブロックごとにC1〜C9の9ブロックから成り、C1部に原材料供給口を、C3部及びC7部にローターとニーダーのスクリューの組み合わせを配置し、C8にベントを設置した。また、吐出口には所定のダイを取り付けて用いた。いずれのダイを用いる場合においても、以下の条件で混練装置を用いた。
間隙2a;面間距離x1=1mm、断面積S2a=6cm2、移動方向距離y1=30mm、幅方向距離z1=300mm;
溜まり部1b;最大高さh2=10mm、最大断面積S1b=30cm2、移動方向距離m2=20mm;
間隙2b;面間距離x2=1mm、断面積S2b=6cm2、移動方向距離y2=30mm、幅方向距離z1=300mm;
溜まり部1c;最大高さh3=10mm、最大断面積S1c=30cm2、移動方向距離m3=20mm;
間隙2c;面間距離x3=1mm、断面積S2c=6cm2、移動方向距離y3=30mm。
〈実施例/比較例〉
表1に示す成分を所定の質量分率でV型混合器を用いてドライブレンドし、真空乾燥機を用いて混合物を減圧下で100℃、4時間乾燥させた。乾燥させた混合物を二軸混練機の原材料供給口から投入し、吐出量30kg/時および樹脂圧力4MPaの条件にて溶融混練した。詳しくは二軸混練機から吐出された樹脂組成物は溶融状態で、所定のダイに流入口から流入した後、所定の間隙部を通過し、吐出口から吐出した。ダイから吐出した混練物を30℃の水に浸漬することによって急冷し、ペレタイザーによりペレット状に粉砕して、樹脂組成物を得た。
株式会社フロンティア製プリフォーム成形用射出成形機PET4000HY、同社プリフォーム用金型を用いて、外径25mm長さ70mmの試験管状プリフォームを成形した。その後同社製超小型二軸延伸ブロー成形機FMB−1を用いて予備加熱時間2分、予備加熱温度T1、ブロー成形温度T1にてブロー成形を行った。ブロー成形用PET(株式会社ベルポリエステルプロダクツPIFG30)を用いた時のT1は90−100℃で90℃から80℃では、金型の転写性が不十分で、80℃未満では圧力が1.5MPaを超えブロー成形できないか、ブロー中に割れたりして良好な成形ができなかった。しかし、本発明の組成物を用いた場合には、Tgが35℃未満の高分子材料の効果で80℃以下でも良好な金型転写性を示し、ボトル外形50mm、ボトルの高さ130mm、ねじ蓋下部のネックまでの高さ110mmの容器を容易に成形できる。
〈特性評価〉
(1)樹脂組成物の機械物性
ブロー成形で得られた容器を手で力を加え評価する。
◎:成形体を手で5回へこませても割れない
○:成形体を手で5回へこませると白化した部分が多くなる
△:成形体を手でへこませると、2回から5回までに割れる
×:成形体を手でへこませると1回目で割れる
射出成形体
◎:1mの高さから落下しても異常なし
○:1mの高さから落下しても外観に以上は無いが、表面に擦り傷がはいる
△:1mの高さから落下するとヒビがはいる、もしくは欠ける
×:1mの高さから落下すると割れる
(2)難燃性試験
ダイをストランドダイに変更したこと以外、前記混練装置と同様の混練装置を用いた。詳しくは、ペレット状樹脂組成物を100℃で4時間乾燥させた後、当該混練装置を用いてストランド状に押し出し、冷却した。ストランドを10cmの長さに切りそろえ、その試料を45度に傾けて端部から1cmの長さの部分を固定し、ライターで着火した。以下の基準に従ってランクを付けた。
○;燃焼距離2cm未満で自己消火し、燃焼部分は0.3cm以上2cm未満であった
△;燃焼距離5cm未満で自己消火し、燃焼部分は2cm以上5cm未満であった(実用上問題なし)
×;燃焼距離5cm未満で自己消火せず、燃焼部分は5cm以上であった(実用上問題あり)
2a、2b、2c 間隙
5 流入口
6 吐出口
10A、10B、10C、10D 樹脂組成物の製造装置
Claims (8)
- (A)ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂50〜80質量%
(B)ポリカーボネート樹脂10〜40質量%
(C)Tgが35℃未満の重合体5〜30質量%
(D)残炭素率15質量%以上の芳香族樹脂0.5〜5質量%
を含有し、前記残炭素率15質量%以上の芳香族樹脂が、フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド又はポリフェニレンスルフィドのいずれか、又はフェノール樹脂とポリフェニレンスルフィドを併用するものであることを特徴とする難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。 - 前記残炭素率15質量%以上の芳香族樹脂が、少なくともフェノール樹脂又はポリフェニレンスルフィドを用いるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記残炭素率15質量%以上の芳香族樹脂が、フェノール樹脂とポリフェニレンスルフィドを併用するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂が、廃棄されたポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、廃棄されたポリカーボネート樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記Tgが35℃未満の重合体が、ゴム状重合体もしくはゴム状重合体を少なくとも1つ含む混合物、コポリマー又はグラフトポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記(A)〜(D)成分を含む高分子混合物を溶融状態で、面間距離xが5mm以下の平行な2つの面の間隙に2回以上通過させたことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物をブロー成形したことを特徴とする容器。
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US13/047,374 US20110229673A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-14 | Flame-retardant polyester resin composition and blow molded container |
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