JP5468680B2 - 新規なアルファ−ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素及びそれを用いた単糖類の獲得方法 - Google Patents
新規なアルファ−ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素及びそれを用いた単糖類の獲得方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5468680B2 JP5468680B2 JP2012501937A JP2012501937A JP5468680B2 JP 5468680 B2 JP5468680 B2 JP 5468680B2 JP 2012501937 A JP2012501937 A JP 2012501937A JP 2012501937 A JP2012501937 A JP 2012501937A JP 5468680 B2 JP5468680 B2 JP 5468680B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrolase
- galactose
- neoagarobobiose
- sequence
- enzyme
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 23
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 title description 14
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 claims description 38
- WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-MOJAZDJTSA-N (2s)-2-[(2r,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde Chemical compound O=C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-MOJAZDJTSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- DCQFFOLNJVGHLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-Me ether-Punctatin+ Natural products O1C(O)C(O)C2OCC1C2O DCQFFOLNJVGHLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamtannin B-2 Natural products O=CC(O)C1OCC(O)C1O WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 62
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- JWMBOBQNPBCYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4,8-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(C2O)OCC2O1 JWMBOBQNPBCYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 22
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N (+)-Galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002670 Fructan Polymers 0.000 description 6
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 241000187432 Streptomyces coelicolor Species 0.000 description 3
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000590031 Alteromonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000227075 Bacteroides plebeius DSM 17135 Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000589515 Pseudoalteromonas atlantica Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOOMNEFVDUTJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,3-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 XOOMNEFVDUTJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IBZYPBGPOGJMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6 anhydrogalactose Natural products CCC=CCC1C(CC(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(O)=O)CCC1=O IBZYPBGPOGJMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-BGPJRJDNSA-N 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WZYRMLAWNVOIEX-BGPJRJDNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000036247 Agarivorans Species 0.000 description 1
- JPLATTLXZFUKRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Agarobiose Natural products OCC1OC(OC2C(O)COC2C(O)C=O)C(O)C(O)C1O JPLATTLXZFUKRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000641116 Bacillus sp. (strain L7) Levanase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 241001170685 Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020004682 Single-Stranded DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside Chemical compound CC(C)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QPFYXYFORQJZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenazopyridine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 QPFYXYFORQJZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
http://www.expasy.ch/prosite/prosuser.html;例えば:
PA[AC]-x-V-x4-{ED}。
PA<A-x-[ST](2)-x(0,1)-V.
Ala-any-[Ser or Thr]-[Ser orThr]-(any or none)-Val;Sigrist C.J.A., Cerutti L., Hulo N., Gattiker A., Falquet L., Pagni M., Bairoch A., Bucher P.PROSITE:a documented database using patterns and profiles asmotif descriptors. Brief Bioinform. 3:265-274(2002);Sigrist C.J.A., De Castro E., Langendi jk-Genevaux P.S., Le Saux V., Bairoch A., Hulo N. ProRule:a new database containing functional and structural information on PROSITE profiles. Bioinformatics. 2005 Nov 1;21(21):4060-6. Epub 2005 Aug 9;Timothy L.Bailey,Nadya Williams, Chris Misleh, and Wilfred W.Li, MEME:discovering and analyzing DNA and protein sequence motifs, Nucleic Acids Research,Vol. 34, pp. W369-W373, 2006)。
寒天多糖体から発酵性糖を生成するために単糖類に分解する前処理過程としては、大きく化学的方法と酵素的方法の2つの方法が利用可能である。まず、化学的方法は、複合多糖類を無作為的に分解するため、所望の発酵性単糖類を選択的に生産することが非常に難しいだけでなく、生成された糖の発酵を阻害する副産物を生成することもある。また、アルカリ処理や酸処理の場合、相当量の汚染物質を排出し、これを浄化させるために多くの費用がかかり、微生物が利用可能な発酵性糖の生産方法には適していない。酵素的方法としては、微生物が生成するアガロースを用いて寒天多糖体を分解させることが可能である。このような方法に使用可能な酵素としては、αアガラーゼ又はβアガラーゼが挙げられる。寒天多糖体を分解する酵素として、αアガラーゼは寒天多糖体に存在するα-1,3とβ-1,4結合のうち、α結合を加水分解して最終的にβ-アガロビオース二糖体を作り、βアガラーゼはβ結合を切断してα-ネオアガロビオース二糖体を生成する。このような酵素的前処理の過程中にβアガラーゼを用いる場合、最終産物はα-ネオアガロビオースであって、これは通常の微生物が使用できない非発酵性糖である。これを発酵性糖であるガラクトースに最終的に変換する前処理工程のためには、α-ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素が欠かせない。
現在、ネオアガロビオースの加水分解で得られる3,6-アンヒドロ-L-ガラクトース(3,6-Anhydro-L-galactose)は商業的にも販売されておらず、D型のAHGのみ購入可能な状況にあり、しかも高価で販売されている(2009年現在、200ポンド(英国)/100mg、dextra Laboratories)。従って、本酵素を用いてアガロースから高価のAHGの大量生産が可能である。
サッカロファガス・デグラダンスがα-ネオアガロビオース加水分解を通じて単糖類であるガラクトースとAHGを生成する酵素活性を有しているかを確認するために、次のような方法で粗抽出液を得て活性を確認した。サッカロファガス・デグラダンスを、海水塩を含む培地で対数増殖期の中間まで育成させた後、40mlの培養液を遠心分離した後に超音波を利用して細胞を破砕し、粗抽出液を得た後、寒天多糖体をβアガラーゼで分解して得られたアガロースを基質として反応分解産物をTLCで観察した。Aレーンではガラクトース標準物、Bレーンでは0.25%(w/v)のアガロースをサッカロファガス・デグラダンスの細胞内粗酵素液と反応させた産物、Cレーンでは0.3%(w/v)紅藻類である乾燥した寒天粉をサッカロファガス・デグラダンスの細胞内粗酵素液と反応させた後、産物をTLCで分析した結果である。サッカロファガス・デグラダンスの細胞内粗酵素液との反応を通じてアガロースと寒天からいずれも単糖類であるAHGとガラクトース、そして二糖類を生成することが確認された。従って、サッカロファガス・デグラダンスは細胞内にα-ネオアガロビオース加水分解を通じて単糖類であるガラクトースとAHGを生成する酵素を有していることが分かる。
精製されたα-ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素の活性は、以下の通り確認された。まず寒天多糖体をβアガラーゼで処理して酵素的処理の最終産物であるネオアガロビオースを生成した後、それを基質としてα-ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素の反応産物をTLCで確認した(図5のTLC結果)。TLC溶媒条件(n-Buthanol:EtOH:Water;3:2:2)でα-ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素で処理された基質は、ガラクトースとアンヒドロガラクトースと推定される物質に分解されることが確認された。ガラクトースRf値は約0.46、ネオアガロビオースのRf値は約0.58でTLC上で確認された。
*一般に、蛋白質モチーフとは、同一の分子的機能を有する蛋白質で一種のパターンのように現れる短いペプチド配列を意味する。このような蛋白質モチーフは、蛋白質全体の配列中、大体進化的に正常に保存されており、活性部位を含む分子的機能を代表する領域で表示されるパターン化されたアミノ酸配列で表示される(Sigrist C.J.A., Cerutti L., Hulo N., Gattiker A., Falquet L., Pagni M., Bairoch A., Bucher P.PROSITE:a documented database using patterns and profiles as motif descriptors. Brief Bioinform. 3:265-274(2002);Sigrist C.J.A., De Castro E., Langendijk-Genevaux P.S., Le Saux V., Bairoch A., Hulo N. ProRule:anew database containing functional and structural information on PROSITE profiles.Bioinformatics. 2005 Nov 1;21(21):4060-6. Epub 2005 Aug 9;Timothy L. Bailey, Nadya Williams, Chris Misleh, and Wilfred W. Li, MEME:discovering and analyzing DNA and protein sequence motifs, Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 34、pp. W369-W373, 2006)。
サッカロファガス・デグラダンス由来の加水分解酵素の蛋白質配列の相同性の検索を通じて類似する機能を有すると予想される候補遺伝子を確認した。候補遺伝子の具体的な機能は知られていないが、炭水化物関連の酵素/蛋白質データベースであるCAZy(http://www.cazy.org)によれば皆文リコーシード加水分解酵素(glycoside hydrolase family 32, GH32)に属することが確認された。GH32 familyに属する蛋白質が有する知られている機能はinvertase(EC3.2.1.26);endo-inulinase(EC3.2.1.7);β-2,6-fructan 6-levanbiohydrolase(EC3.2.1.64);endo-levanase(EC3.2.1.65);exo-inulinase(EC3.2.1.80);fructan β-(2,1)-fructosidase/1-exohydrolase(EC3.2.1.153);fructan β-(2,6)-fructosidase/6-exohydrolase(EC3.2.1.154);sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase(EC2.4.1.99);fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase(EC2.4.100);sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase(EC2.4.1.10);fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase(EC2.4.1.243);levan fructosyltransferase(EC2.4.1.-)である。従って、GH32 familyに属する一部の蛋白質がネオアガロビオース加水分解能と同じ分子機能を有することは、本発明で初めて報告している。
1.Q15UF2(Pseudoalteromonas atlantica(Strain T6c/BAA-1087)、70%)、
2.Q93PB3(Microscilla sp.PRE1., 59%)、
3.B4CY74(Bacteroides plebeius DSM17135., 60%)、
4.A0M245(Gramella forsetii(StrainKT0803)., 56%)、
5.A4AR39(Flavobacteriales bacterium HTCC2170., 57%)、
6.C6J3P3(Paenibacillus sp.oral taxon 786 str.D14., 58%)、
7.C6JDD4(Ruminococcus sp.5_1_39BFAA., 58%)、
8.C6J313(Paenibacillus sp.oral taxon 786 str.D14., 57%)、
9.Q15XP8(Pseudoalteromonas atlantica(StrainT6c/BAA-1087)、55%)、
10.Q9RKF6(Streptomyces coelicolor、56%)
前記で獲得した50%identity以上の配列相同性を有する蛋白質の中で最も高い配列相同性を有するシュードアルテロモナスアトランティカ(Pseudoalteromonas atlantica T6c)由来蛋白質(Q15UF2)と最も低いストレプトマイセス・セリカラー(Streptomyces coelicolorA3)由来蛋白質(Q9RKF6)をそれぞれクローニングしてα-NABH活性を有しているかを確認した。まず、これらを暗号化する遺伝子の塩基配列をそれぞれ大腸菌発現ベクターであるpET21a(ノバジェン、米国)に挿入した(以下、シュードアルテロモナスアトランティカ由来α-NABH遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを「pPsAGAJ」、ストレプトマイセス・セリカラー由来α-NABH遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを「pScAGAJ」という)。組み換えα-NABHが大腸菌で成功裏に発現することを確認するために、pPsAGAJとpScAGAJを発現用大腸菌であるE.coli BL21(DE3)に形質転換させた後に、50mg/L濃度のアンピシリン抗生剤を含む固体培地に塗抹した。前記形質転換により得られたコロニーを50mg/L濃度のアンピシリン抗生剤が添加されたルリアベルターニ(LB)培地に接種した後、37℃で一日間振盪培養して菌体を確保した。その後、発現の確認のために、形質転換体を50mg/L濃度のアンピシリン抗生剤が添加されたルリアベルターニ(LB)培地に接種した後、37℃でOD600=0.5〜1.0まで振盪培養し、0.5mM/Lの濃度でIPTGを添加して180rpmで4時間発現を誘導した。培養液は遠心分離(12000rpm、4℃、10分)して菌体を回収し、回収した菌体は20mMのトリス緩衝液(Tris-HCl pH7.4)に懸濁して超音波破砕機で破砕した後、12%のSDS-PAGEで大きさを確認した。大きさが確認された破砕した懸濁液を15分間遠心分離して上澄み液を粗酵素液として用いた。
精製されたα-NABHの活性は、以下の通り確認された。まず寒天多糖体をβアガラーゼで処理して酵素的処理の最終産物であるネオアガロビオースを生成した後、それを基質としてα-NABHの反応産物をTLCで確認した。TLCを通じた確認は、Silica gel 60 TLC平板に反応液を1ul点滴し、TLC溶媒条件(n-Buthanol:EtOH:Water;3:2:2)で展開した。展開したTLC平板は1次処理溶液である硫酸(10%(v/v)H2SO4inEthanol)で処理した後、乾燥し、1次処理された平板は再び2次処理溶液であるナフトレゾルシノール(0.2%(w/v)naphthoresorcinol in Ethanol)で処理した。このように処理されたTLC平板は乾燥後、加熱した。
Claims (2)
- 配列番号1及び2に記載されたアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるα−ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素を少なくとも1つ用いてα−ネオアガロビオースを分解し、分解物からガラクトース又は3,6−アンヒドロ−L−ガラクトース(AHG)を採取することを含む、ガラクトース又は3,6−アンヒドロ−L−ガラクトースを製造する方法。
- 配列番号1及び2に記載されたアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるα−ネオアガロビオース加水分解酵素を少なくとも1つ含む、α−ネオアガロビオースからガラクトース又は3,6−アンヒドロ−L−ガラクトース(AHG)を製造するための組成物。
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