JP5420424B2 - 架橋セルロース膜 - Google Patents
架橋セルロース膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5420424B2 JP5420424B2 JP2009548624A JP2009548624A JP5420424B2 JP 5420424 B2 JP5420424 B2 JP 5420424B2 JP 2009548624 A JP2009548624 A JP 2009548624A JP 2009548624 A JP2009548624 A JP 2009548624A JP 5420424 B2 JP5420424 B2 JP 5420424B2
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Cu+2] QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen bromide Chemical compound BrC#N ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- GKIPXFAANLTWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N epibromohydrin Chemical compound BrCC1CO1 GKIPXFAANLTWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl formate Chemical compound CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005640 glucopyranosyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ICXWPWNCVZCKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2-methylpropanamide;chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-].CC(C)C(N)=O ICXWPWNCVZCKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940051142 metanil yellow Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000856 protein c Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001742 protein purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108020004418 ribosomal RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;ethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=C BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005622 tetraalkylammonium hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
i)二官能性試薬の溶液の存在下、多孔質セルロース高分子膜に塩基を添加し、その中でセルロース高分子を架橋する;
ii)前記膜と配位子を導入する試薬とを反応させる、前記配位子は正または負に帯電した基を含む、
各段階を含む多孔質架橋帯電セルロース高分子膜の製造プロセスであって、得られる多孔質架橋帯電セルロース高分子膜は水溶液中で40〜250容積%膨潤することを特徴とする、前記製造プロセスを提供する。
好ましくは、得られる膜は水溶液中で50〜250容積%、より好ましくは100〜250容積%、最も好ましくは125〜250容積%まで膨潤する。
好適には、二官能性試薬の混合物を使用する。
好適には、前記試薬は、グリシジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(GMAC)、ジエチルアミノエチルクロリド、アクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(GMAC)、アクリロニトリル、エピクロロヒドリン、トリメチルアミン、クロロ酢酸、ブロモ酢酸、臭化アリル、重亜硫酸塩、アリルグリシジルエーテル/ビサルファイト、ビニルスルホン酸ナトリウム、スチレンスルホネート、アクリル酸、アクリルアミドメチルプロパンスルホン酸、臭化シアノゲン、クロロトリアジン、ジグリシジルエーテル、N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド、塩化トシル、塩化トレシル及びジイソシアナートからなる群から選択される。
好適には膜は、0.1〜10μm、好ましくは0.5〜10μm、最も好ましくは0.8〜5.0μmの孔径の細孔を含む。
好適には、前記膜は複数の酢酸セルロース基を含み、前記塩基は水酸化ナトリウムであり、前記二官能性試薬はエピクロロヒドリンであり、前記試薬はグリシジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(GMAC)であり、且つ前記塩は硫酸ナトリウムである。
i)二官能性試薬の溶液の存在下、多孔質セルロース高分子膜に塩基を添加して、その中でセルロース高分子を架橋する;
ii)前記膜と配位子を導入する試薬とを反応させる、前記配位子は正または負に帯電した基を含む、
各段階を含むプロセスにより製造した多孔質架橋帯電セルロース高分子膜であって、得られる多孔質架橋帯電セルロース高分子膜は水溶液中で40〜250容積%膨潤することを特徴とする、前記高分子膜を提供する。
従って本発明の膜は、標的分子または化合物の単離、特に生体分子の単離に使用することができる。そのような生体分子としては、タンパク質(たとえばモノクローナル若しくはポリクローナル抗体、抗体フラグメント、宿主タンパク質、膜タンパク質、プリオン)、ペプチド(たとえばジペプチド若しくはオリゴペプチド)、核酸(たとえばDNA、プラスミドDNA、RNA)、ペプチド核酸、エンドトキシン、ウイルス、細胞(たとえば細菌性細胞、哺乳類細胞)、細胞小器官及び細胞片が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。あるいは膜は代謝産物及び薬剤候補などの有機分子を単離するのに有用である。別の態様では、本発明の膜は、診断目的のためなどの上記分子または化合物のいずれか一つを同定するのに有用である。かくして、本発明の膜を使用して精製した製品は薬剤または薬剤標的;治療で使用するためのベクター、たとえば遺伝子治療で使用するためのプラスミド若しくはウイルス;機能化食品などの補充食;及びin-vitro及びin-vivo診断薬であってもよい。本発明に従って精製した生体分子の具体的な用途は、オーダーメード医療用薬剤である。本発明に従った膜は、上記のような不都合な標的化合物から所望の液体を精製するのにも有用である。
好適には、前記配位子及び結合部分は特異的結合対の一部である。好ましくは、配位子及び前記結合部分は、ビオチン/ストレプトアビジン(steptavidin)、ビオチン/アビジン、ビオチン/ニュートラアビジン、ビオチン/カプタビジン(captavidin)、エピトープ/抗体、プロテインA/免疫グロブリン、プロテインG/免疫グロブリン、プロテインL/免疫グロブリン、GST/グルタチオン、His-tag/ニッケル、抗原/抗体、FLAG/M1抗体、マルトース結合タンパク質/マルトース、キチン結合タンパク質/キチン、カルモジュリン結合タンパク質/カルモジュリン(Terpe,2003,Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,60,523-533)及びLumio(商標)試薬/Lumio(商標)認識配列からなる群から選択される。umio(商標)試薬及び認識配列は、Invitrogen Life Corporation,Carlsbad,CA、アメリカより市販されている。
本発明の状況で適用される「架橋した(cross-linked)」なる用語は、高分子の剛性及び/または安定性を高める高分子(即ちセルロース高分子)の様々な鎖または一本の鎖の部分の間に側部結合があることを意味する。架橋度とは、単位体積当たりのそのような側部結合数を意味する。ゴム弾性理論から、架橋度が増加するにつれて高分子溶液中の平衡膨潤は増加することが公知である。
「標的分子」なる用語は、本発明の方法により吸着用に標的とされる任意の化合物または構成要素(entity)を包含するものと理解されよう。
DNA及びタンパク質などの分離に好適な膜吸着材を探すために実験を行った。酢酸セルロース膜を少量の架橋材で架橋すると、同型の高度に架橋した膜よりもはるかにDNA及びタンパク質を吸着するゲル様構造が作られることがデータから示されている。
表1は実験で使用した薬品及び膜を列記する。この表は、本文の薬品で使用した略号も列記する。
架橋は、マグネチックスターラーを備えた100mlビーカーで実施した。三つの丸い膜(直径47mm)を水で濡らし、ビーカー内に膜を固定したままにするためにプラスチック製支持網の間に配置した。
Q-官能基化(Q-functionalisation)の例
GMAC 45mlと2M水酸化ナトリウム溶液5mlを50ml遠心分離管中で混合した。プラスチック製網の間に巻いた円形架橋膜1枚をバイアル中に配置した。バイアルは室温(19〜24℃)で18時間循環させた。Q-膜を繰り返し水洗した。
方法
膨潤面積
円形膜の寸法は、架橋後とQ-官能基化後に測定した。元のWhatman製ST 68円形膜は直径47mmであった。
等式1:
面積膨潤(%)=(((d2)2/(d1)2)-1)*100
d1=元の直径(47mm)
d2=Q-結合(Q-coupling)後の直径
膨潤体積
φ2.5cmの円を膜からサンプリングし、レンズクリーニングティッシュ(Linsenpapier)上に置いて過剰量の水に浸した。次いで膜サンプルを乾燥秤量計(HG63,Mettler Toledo)に置き、120℃に50分(または重量が一定になるまで10分間)加熱した。サンプル重量は2分毎に測定した。乾燥重量が安定したら、少量の水を膜に加えて膜を再び濡らした。
水吸収量:膜を再膨潤させるために乾燥膜に添加した水量。
水分量:水分損失量及び水分吸収量は等しくなければならない。というのも、これは二つの異なる方法で測定した膜の水分量だからである。この二つの値が等しければ、乾燥後も膜はその元の形状を取り戻すことができると示唆される。
Q-官能基化前の膨潤試験
帯電基で官能基化する前、膜は水中で全く膨潤しない。その理由は、水は非置換セルロースの溶媒ではないためである。しかしながら、膜をセルロースの良溶媒中に浸漬すれば、膜は架橋度により決定される程度まで膨潤する。セルロースの溶媒の典型例としては、N-メチルモルホリンN-オキシド(NMMO)、ジアルキルイミダゾリウム塩、塩化リチウム-ジメチルアセトアミド、塩化亜鉛水溶液(aqueous zinc chloride)、銅アンモニア錯体及びカドミウムアンモニア錯体がある。
次いでQ-官能基化膜の結合能力を、メタニル・イエロー(Metanil Yellow)(Aldrich製、カタログ番号20,202-9)、BSA及びDNA結合アッセイを使用して測定した。
能力は以下のものに従って計算した:
分析した面積:1.5cm2(直径:1.4cm)。
溶液濃度:25ppm。
能力は以下に従って計算した:
分析した面積:1.5cm2(直径:1.4cm)。
ST68膜は110μm厚であり、GE Water CA 5μm膜は80μmである。
BSA結合アッセイは膜上で装填したBSAのQb50を測定するように設計し、膜は流速0.5mL/分でAKTAexplorer 10(GE Healthcare)装置に接続したHR 16/10カラム(GE Healthcare)中の二つの調節可能なアダプター間に挿入した。BSA溶液は0.1mgBSA/mL濃度であった。このBSA溶液を、第一緩衝液(緩衝液A:25mM Tris-6M HClを添加してpH8.0に調節)中の膜に適用し、第二の緩衝液(緩衝液B:25mM Tris及び1M HCl-6M HClを添加してpH8.0に調節)で溶出した。
能力は以下に従って計算した:
分析した面積:1.5cm2(直径:1.4cm)。
ST68膜は110μm厚であり、GE Water CA 5μm膜は80μmである。
表3は、ST68 0.8μmQ-膜の増加面積測定(area increase measurement)結果を示す。表3からわかるように、Q-結合後の膨潤度は架橋の間に添加したECHと硫酸ナトリウム量に依存する。いずれのパラメーターも膨潤度に対して負の効果をもつ(いずれのパラメーターも低く保持されるときに膨潤最大となる)。架橋後に膜は元のサイズから(47mmから45mmに)収縮するが、この収縮は架橋処方とは無関係に全ての架橋膜に対して同じである。架橋度が低すぎると、膜はQ-結合反応の間に溶解する。この現象はプロトタイプP14に関して発生し、粘液性ゲルとなった。
表5は、CA 5μmQ-膜の水分量を示す。
乾燥重量スケールで測定した水分量は、膨潤を測定するのに優れた方法であることが判明した。乾燥後の水分吸収は水分損失とよく相関する。この相関は、繊維支持膜(CA5μm)に関するものよりもST68膜に関して良好である。これらの膜はサンプルカップ(乾燥重量スケールで使用した金属プレート)に粘着する傾向があり、その元の構造を回復する能力を制限するのかもしれない。これらの膜は繊維で支持されているので、膨潤面積は観察できなかった。
表8は、膨潤、能力及び架橋条件に関して種々の膜から得られたデータをまとめる。
膨潤は架橋度と関係している。架橋反応の効果は、架橋剤、塩及びアルカリの濃度並びに反応温度などの反応パラメーターに依存する。
Claims (10)
- i)二官能性試薬の溶液の存在下、多孔質セルロース高分子膜に塩基を添加して、その中でセルロース高分子を架橋する;
ii)前記膜と配位子を導入する試薬とを反応させる、前記配位子は正または負に帯電した基を含む、
各段階を含むプロセスにより製造した多孔質架橋帯電セルロース高分子膜であって、得られる多孔質架橋帯電セルロース高分子膜は水溶液中で40〜250容積%膨潤し、前記i)において二官能性試薬の溶液中の濃度は0.25−2容積%であり、そして、二官能性試薬はエピクロロヒドリンであることを特徴とする、前記高分子膜。 - 請求項1に記載の膜の使用を含む、第一成分と第二成分の結合または吸着の差をベースとして溶液または懸濁液中で第一成分を第二成分から分離する方法。
- 請求項1に記載の膜の使用を含む、溶液中の他成分から標的分子を分離する方法であって、前記方法はクロマトグラフィー法である、前記方法。
- 前記標的分子は、膜中に存在するクロマトグラフィー配位子と結合する結合部分を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記標的分子はタンパク質、ポリペプチドまたはペプチドである、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 前記標的分子はポリヌクレオチドである、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 前記標的分子はウイルスである、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液は細胞抽出物、細胞溶解物または細胞培養物である、請求項2〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記配位子及び前記結合部分は特異的結合対の一部である、請求項3または4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記配位子及び前記結合部分は、ビオチン/ストレプトアビジン(steptavidin)、ビオチン/アビジン、ビオチン/ニュートラアビジン、ビオチン/カプタビジン(captavidin)、エピトープ/抗体、プロテインA/免疫グロブリン、プロテインG/免疫グロブリン、プロテインL/免疫グロブリン、GST/グルタチオン、His-tag/ニッケル、抗原/抗体、FLAG/M1抗体、マルトース結合タンパク質/マルトース、キチン結合タンパク質/キチン、及びカルモジュリン結合タンパク質/カルモジュリンからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
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