JP5398712B2 - 鼓膜または外耳道再生剤 - Google Patents
鼓膜または外耳道再生剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5398712B2 JP5398712B2 JP2010518080A JP2010518080A JP5398712B2 JP 5398712 B2 JP5398712 B2 JP 5398712B2 JP 2010518080 A JP2010518080 A JP 2010518080A JP 2010518080 A JP2010518080 A JP 2010518080A JP 5398712 B2 JP5398712 B2 JP 5398712B2
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- tympanic membrane
- ear canal
- bfgf
- defect
- gelatin sponge
- Prior art date
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Description
以上の理由から、本発明者は、シート状の素材を用いるという従来の発想を転換し、欠損部位全体を立体的に覆うことが可能な素材を用いることを重視して、ゼラチンスポンジを足場材として採用した。すなわち、bFGF溶液を含浸させたゼラチンスポンジを、鼓膜または外耳道の欠損部を覆うように留置した。ゼラチンスポンジはコラーゲンを分解したもので、コラーゲンと比較して隙間がおおく自由度の高い素材であるため、細胞が成長する足場として機能する一方で、細胞の伸長する方向を妨げないという特質がある。したがって、従来のように再生組織がシート状素材の底面に沿って伸長するのではなく、ゼラチンスポンジ内部に再生組織が侵入して伸長することを目的としている。
さらに、その際、フィブリン糊またはアルギン酸もしくはその塩をスポンジ表面に適用して、該スポンジを欠損部に被覆固定した。組織再生用基材を生体接着材を用いて周辺組織に固定する手法は知られているが、本発明者は、単なる接着剤としてではなく、再生部位を外部と遮断し、生体内培養の良好な環境を創出するという目的で、スポンジ表面を被覆材料で被覆した。また同様の観点から、鼓膜穿孔や外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が陳旧化している場合には、メスあるいはタンパク質変性薬剤などにより辺縁部の新鮮化を行った。
その結果、従来法では適応外であった、2/3以上を欠損する鼓膜穿孔や創部径が2cmを超える外耳道軟部組織欠損であっても、すべての症例で欠損の閉鎖および聴力の改善が認められる一方、後遺症は観察されなかった。
以上より、本発明者は、bFGFを担持したゼラチンスポンジと被覆材料とを組み合わせて用いることにより、従来は外科手術に頼らざるを得なかった重度の鼓膜穿孔および外耳道軟部組織欠損患者に対しても、安価で、簡便かつ安全に、鼓膜および外耳道の再生が可能であることを確認して、本発明を完成するに至った。
[1]塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子を担持したゼラチンスポンジを含有し、被覆材料と組み合わせてなる、鼓膜または外耳道再生剤。
[2]被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、[1]記載の剤。
[3]水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、[2]記載の剤。
[4]鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が新鮮化されていることを特徴とする[1]から[3]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[5]治療上有効量の塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子を坦持したゼラチンスポンジを、鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損患者の鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損部に留置し、被覆材料で被覆することを含む鼓膜または外耳道の再生方法。
[6]被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、[5]記載の再生方法。
[7]水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、[6]記載の再生方法。
[8]鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部を予め新鮮化させておくことを特徴とする[5]から[7]のいずれかに記載の再生方法。
[9]鼓膜または外耳道再生剤を製造するための、被覆材料およびゼラチンスポンジに担持させた塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子の使用。
[10]被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、[9]記載の使用。
[11]水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、[10]記載の使用。
[12]鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が新鮮化されていることを特徴とする[9]から[11]のいずれかに記載の使用。
また、ゼラチンスポンジ表面を被覆材料でカバーすることで、乾燥や感染を防ぎ、外部と隔絶された良好な培養環境を作り出すことができる。
さらに、ゼラチンスポンジは生体内では1か月以内に加水分解されて消失し、鼓膜および外耳道軟部組織再生に有利に働く。
その再生には足場としての線維芽細胞の増殖と3層構造を支える十分な血流の維持が不可欠である。この観点からbFGFは理想的な要素を備えている。すなわち、その名が示すとおり、線維芽細胞を増殖する直接作用を有し、また、血管を誘導して周囲組織に栄養を供給する作用を兼ね備えているからである。
bFGFの同族体とは、下記〔I〕または〔II〕のポリペプチドを意味する。
〔I〕哺乳動物で産生されるbFGFと実質的に同一のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド。ここで「実質的に同一のアミノ酸配列」とは、アミノ酸配列中の1〜6個のアミノ酸が別種のアミノ酸により置換されたものでbFGFの生物活性を有するものを意味する。〔II〕哺乳動物で産生されるbFGFのN末端および/またはC末端、あるいは上記〔I〕のポリペプチドのN末端および/またはC末端に、追加のアミノ酸セグメントが追加されたポリペプチド。追加のアミノ酸セグメントとは、1〜12個のアミノ酸からなり、bFGFの生物活性または上記〔I〕のポリペプチドの生物活性を損なわないものを意味する。
また、前記〔II〕の同族体として、例えば特表昭63−500843号公報に記載のアミノ酸155個のポリペプチドを用いてもよい。このポリペプチドは、ヒトbFGFのN末端にアミノ酸9個のセグメントが付加されたものである。
また、N末端にMet−が付加されたアミノ酸147個のポリペプチドや、特表昭63−501953号公報に記載のN末端にアミノ酸11個からなるセグメントが付加されたアミノ酸157個のポリペプチドを用いてもよい。
特に好ましいbFGFとしては、トラフェルミン(遺伝子組換え)が挙げられる。
この薬剤による方法は、外耳道の形状が狭く、鼓膜穿孔辺縁の新鮮化が困難な場合には特に有効で、まず酢酸アルミニウムを含むゼラチンスポンジを欠損部に留置し、約30分後に除去。この後、4%塩酸リドカインで麻酔を施行したのち変性した辺縁部(白色に変色)の組織をできる限り除去することで、新鮮化が行える。
1)患者の選択
患者は、鼓膜穿孔を有し中耳・外耳に活動性の感染・炎症がないことを確認した慢性中耳炎症例(n=9)、鼓膜閉鎖術ないし鼓室形成術施行後の再穿孔症例(n=7)、外傷性鼓膜穿孔陳旧症例(n=5)、滲出性中耳炎による鼓膜切開ないし鼓膜チューブ留置後の穿孔遺残例(n=10)など種々の症例を含む。鼓膜穿孔の大きさは問わない。
鼓膜穿孔の大きさにより患者を3群に分類した。すなわち、鼓膜穿孔が1/3以下、1/3〜2/3、2/3以上に及ぶものをそれぞれGrade I、II、IIIとした。
鼓膜穿孔があり、かつ活動性の感染・炎症がないことを確認し、4%塩酸リドカインに浸した綿花を鼓膜穿孔部に当てるように外耳道内に挿入する。約15分後、顕微鏡下に、鼓膜穿孔縁に鼓膜切開刀などで傷をつけ、穿孔縁の上皮を全周性に除去した(図1B)。引き続き、鼓膜穿孔より大きなゼラチンスポンジ(スポンゼル(登録商標):アステラス)塊にbFGF(フィブラスト(登録商標):科研製薬)を含浸させ、鼓膜穿孔部位を十分覆うようにbFGF担持ゼラチンスポンジ塊を留置した(図1C)。この後、これをフィブリン糊(ベリプラスト(登録商標):CSLベーリング)数滴で固定した。
処置後、患者に強い鼻すすりや鼻かみなど耳に圧力がかかるようなことをしないよう、また、洗髪、入浴時に耳に水が入らないように指導した。
再生鼓膜は、この時点では肥厚しており血管に富んだ組織であるが、時間の経過とともに薄くなり(図1E)、約2か月で正常鼓膜と判別できなくなった(図1F)。
本法によって26名31耳の鼓膜再生治療がなされた。その結果を表1に示す。結果は、閉鎖に要した処置回数、閉鎖率、聴力改善の程度、麻酔時間を除く処置時間、後遺症の有無を、穿孔の大きさ(Grade I〜III)ごとにまとめた。また、bFGFを使用せず、生理食塩水のみを浸したゼラチンスポンジを鼓膜穿孔部に留置した5症例の結果を表2に示した。
一方、bFGFを添加した場合、鼓膜穿孔の大きさにかかわりなくすべての症例で、鼓膜穿孔が閉鎖している。このことは、足場のみでは、細胞の再生に限界があることを示しており、ある程度以上の大きさの鼓膜穿孔症例に対しては、bFGFなど成長因子の添加が必要不可欠であると考えられる。また、聴力改善の程度も、鼓膜穿孔の大きさにかかわりなく、正常レベルにまで回復しており、機能的にも回復した鼓膜の再生がみられた。
1)患者の選択
患者は、外耳道真珠腫切除後(n=7)、鼓室形成術後(n=2)、外耳道腫瘍切除後(n=1)で、いずれも外耳道軟部組織の欠損と外耳道骨の露出を認めた症例である。欠損の大きさは問わない。
創部に活動性の感染・炎症がないことを確認し、局所麻酔を施行した。顕微鏡下に、外耳道真珠腫および外耳道腫瘍の症例では、外耳道内より真珠腫および腫瘍を切除した後、また、鼓室形成術後の外耳道骨露出症例では、メスなどで新鮮な創部を形成した後に、創部より大きなゼラチンスポンジ塊にbFGFを含浸させ、欠損部を十分覆うようにbFGF担持ゼラチンスポンジ塊を留置した(図2B)。この後、これをフィブリン糊数滴またはアルギン酸カルシウム膜で被覆した(図2C)。
患者には、耳かきの禁止や入浴、洗髪、洗顔時に外耳道内に水が入らないように指導した。
本法によって10症例の外耳道再生治療がなされた。その結果を表3に示す。結果は、閉鎖に要した処置回数、閉鎖率、麻酔時間を除く処置時間、後遺症の有無を、欠損の大きさ(Grade I〜III)ごとにまとめた。
本出願は、日本で出願された特願2008−167744(出願日:平成20年6月26日)を基礎としており、その内容はすべて本明細書に包含されるものとする。
Claims (4)
- 塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子、ゼラチンスポンジおよび被覆材料を組み合わせてなる、鼓膜または外耳道再生剤であって、使用時、該ゼラチンスポンジは該塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子を担持した状態で再生部位に留置され、該被覆材料は該再生部位を外部と遮断する、剤。
- 被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、請求項1記載の剤。
- 水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、請求項2に記載の剤。
- 鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が新鮮化されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の剤。
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BRPI0915387A2 (pt) | 2016-10-11 |
KR101604150B1 (ko) | 2016-03-16 |
RU2011102755A (ru) | 2012-08-10 |
CA2729093C (en) | 2018-04-10 |
US20110110987A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
EP2353547B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
EP2353547A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
BRPI0915387B1 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
MX2010014077A (es) | 2011-04-05 |
CA2729093A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
JPWO2009157558A1 (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
CN105381506A (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
AU2009263249A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
US20160067383A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
US9161904B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
RU2544367C2 (ru) | 2015-03-20 |
KR20110021994A (ko) | 2011-03-04 |
BRPI0915387B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
US10357595B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
AU2009263249B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
EP2353547A4 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
US10117969B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
US20190038811A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
WO2009157558A1 (ja) | 2009-12-30 |
ES2671068T3 (es) | 2018-06-04 |
CN102131478A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
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