JP5377305B2 - リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基を含有するコポリマーを用いて金属表面を不動態化する方法及びそれに用いる製剤 - Google Patents
リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基を含有するコポリマーを用いて金属表面を不動態化する方法及びそれに用いる製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VBOFDBONKAERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfenatooxymethanol Chemical class [Na+].OCOS[O-] VBOFDBONKAERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Description
(A)5〜94質量%の少なくとも1種の、一般式H 2 C=CR 1 −COOR 2 のモノ(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであり、R1がHまたはメチルで、R2が以下の基:
(R2a)一般式−(R3−O−)n−R4の基で、nが2〜40の自然数であり、R3が独立してそれぞれ2価の直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が2〜4であるアルキル基であり、R4がHまたは直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が1〜6であるアルキルであるもの、
(R2b)一般式−R5−Xmの基で、R5が(m+1)価の直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が1〜10のアルキル基であり、Xが−OH、−OR6、−NH2、−NHR6、−NR2 6、−N+HR2Y-または−N+R3Y-からなる群より選ばれる官能基であり、R6がメチルまたはエチルであり、Yが1価のアニオンであり、mが1〜6の自然数であり、R5中には炭素原子当たりの官能基Xの数が1以下であるもの、
(R2c)単糖基またはオリゴ糖基、
から選ばれる基であるもの;
(B)5〜94質量%の、リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基及び/又はその塩及び/又はエステルを含有する、少なくとも1種のモノエチレン性不飽和モノマー;
(C)1〜90質量%の少なくとも1種のCOOH基及び/又はその塩を含有する少なくとも1種のモノエチレン性不飽和モノマー;及び
(D)0〜30質量%の、モノマー(A)〜(C)とは異なる他のエチレン性不飽和モノマー;からなることを特徴とする製剤が見出された。
本発明のコポリマーは、(A)、(B)、および(C)の群それぞれの少なくとも1種のモノマーを含んでいる。必要に応じて、他のモノマー(D)が存在していてもよい。これらの以外に、他のモノマーは存在しない。好ましくは、モノマー(D)は存在しない。
モノマー(A)は、少なくとも1種の、一般式H 2 C=CR 1 −COOR 2 の官能化モノ(メタ)アクリル酸エステルを含んでいる。式中、R1は、Hまたはメチルである。R2は、R2a、R2bまたはR2cからなる群から選ばれる基である。
モノマー(B)は、リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基を有するモノエチレン性不飽和モノマーである。その塩及び/又はエステルも含まれる。エステルは、好ましくはモノエステルであり、すべてのリン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基の酸性OH基がエステル化されているのではない。モノマー(B)は遊離酸及び/又はその塩であることが特に好ましい。
モノマー(C)は、少なくとも1種のCOOH基を有するモノエチレン性不飽和モノマーである。その塩も含まれる。
モノマー(A)、(B)、および(C)に加えて、必要に応じて、(A)〜(C)とは異なる他のエチレン性不飽和モノマー(これらの他のモノマーをモノマー(D)と称す)を含んでいてもよい。モノマー(D)は、コポリマーの性質の微調整に用いられる。もちろん、2種以上の異なるモノマー(D)を使用することもできる。これらは、所望のコポリマーの性質に応じて、熟練者により洗濯される。もちろん、これらは、モノマー(A)、(B)、および(C)と共重合可能である必要がある。
ある場合には、本発明のポリマーは、モノマー(A)と(B)と(C)、および必要に応じてモノマー(D)とから直接製造される。本発明の他の実施様態においては、これらのポリマーを、ポリマー類似エステル化により、あるいは重合反応中のモノマーのエステル化または加水分解により製造してもよい。
(A)と(B)と(C)の成分と、必要に応じて(D)成分とを、基本的に公知の方法で相互に重合させる。適当な重合方法は熟練者には公知である。これらのコポリマーは、好ましくは適当な溶媒中でフリーラジカル重合により製造される。フリーラジカル重合の実施方法の詳細は熟練者には公知である。
もう一つの本発明のコポリマーの製造方法では、ポリマー類似エステル化によりこのコポリマーが製造される。
さらに他の製造方法の例においては、(メタ)アクリル酸とモノマー(B)と、必要に応じてモノマー(C)及び/又は(D)を、コポリマー製造用の出発原料として使用する。
本発明の不動態化方法を実施するに当たり、上記本発明のコポリマーの酸性の水性製剤が使用される。これは、もちろん上記の異なる二種以上のコポリマーの混合物であってもよい。
ブチルグリコールやメトキシプロパノールなどのエーテルアルコール、およびN−メチルピロリドンがあげられる。特に、一般式HO−R2のアルコールが存在していてもよい。これらは、例えば(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類(A)の加水分解により生成するものであってもよいし、ポリマー類似エステル化の過程で変換されなかった基であってもよい。しかし、一般に、水の量は、少なくとも65質量%であり、好ましくは少なくとも75質量%、非常に好ましくは少なくとも85質量%である。これらの値は、いずれの場合も、全溶媒総量に対する値である。
a)共有性架橋:例えば、エステル化、エーテル化、求核剤でのエポキシドやアジランの形成、アセタール化、ウレタン成形;
b)イオン性架橋、高分子電解質の錯体の形成;
c)水素結合やファン−デル−ワールス結合の形成;
あるいは、この架橋が、ポリマー鎖の相互侵入により起こってもよい(すなわち、加えた感光性成分の光化学誘起による架橋)。
以下に述べる反応温度は、反応容器の内温である。
K値は、H.フィケンチャーの方法、Cellulose−Chemie, vol. 13, pp. 58−64 and 71−74 (1932)、により、1%濃度の水溶液中で25℃でpH補正なしに求めた値である。
AS アクリル酸
BDMA 1,4−ブタンジオールモノアクリレート
CS クエン酸
DMAEA ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート
DMAEMA ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリル酸メチルスルフェート
DMEA N,N−ジメチルエタノールアミン
DPG ジプロピレングリコール
EDGA エチルジグリコールモノアクリレート
EG 1,2−エチレングリコール
Glu グルコース
H2O2 過酸化水素
HDDA 1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート
HEA ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート
HEMA ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート
HEMA−P エチレングリコールメタクリレートホスフェート
HPA ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート
IS イタコン酸
MA アクリル酸メチル
MBA メチレンビスアクリルアミド
MPEG1000 MA メチル−PEG−1000−メタクリレート
MaA マレイン酸
NaPA ペロキソ二硫酸ナトリウム
PEGDA PEG−400−ジアクリレート
PG 1,2−プロピレングリコール
tBPO tert−ブチルペルオクタン酸
TEA トリエタノールアミン
TPG トリプロピレングリコール
V50 アゾV50(和光)
VPA ビニルホスホン酸
(一般的な実施方法1:)
モノ(メタ)アクリル酸エステルとビニルホスホン酸から本発明のコポリマーの合成:
アンカー攪拌器と内部温度計を備えた2lの攪拌ポットに、適当量のモノマーB(リン酸基またはホスホン酸基を含むモノマー)の水溶液(40〜95%濃度)を投入し、窒素で置換して、反応温度まで加熱する。特定の所望のモノマーA(モノ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル(100〜50%濃度溶液))の水溶液の供給流1を3〜5時間かけて投入し、また同時に、開始剤水溶液(5〜30%濃度)の供給流を4〜6時間かけて投入する。次いで、混合物を反応温度で2時間攪拌する。適当なら水で希釈する。
ポリマー類似エステル化:
合成に用いた出発原料は、表3に示すビニルホスホン酸とアクリル系及び/又はマレイン酸のポリマーである。このようなポリマーの調整が、例えばWO2004/074372に開示されている。アクリル酸−VPAコポリマーは市販されている。
重合中のエステル化:
アンカー攪拌器と内部温度計を備えた2lの攪拌ポットに、226.5gのビニルホスホン酸(95%濃度)と353.6gの1,2−プロピレングリコール(COOHに対して100モル%)を投入し、窒素で置換して、100℃に加熱する。0.55gの硫酸鉄(II)五水和物の10gの脱イオン水溶液を添加する。その後、334.9gのアクリル酸の205.6gの脱イオン水溶液の供給流1を4時間かけて投入し、同時に91.7gの過酸化水素(30%濃度)の供給流2を5時間かけて投入する。次いで混合物を反応温度で2時間攪拌する。適当なら水で希釈する。
他のアルコール及び/又はモノマーや異なる量を用いることもできる。用いる具体的な出発原料、正確な試験パラメーター、および結果を表3に示す。表3aは、エステル化度(モル%)とポリマー組成(質量%)の関係を示す。
得られたコポリマーを、以下の性能試験に供した:
いずれの場合も、コポリマーの水溶液を使用した。ポリマー濃度は、いずれの場合も、製剤中の全成分の総量に対して15〜20質量%であった。各試験の正確な量を表4に示す。これらの製剤は、さらに、適当ならMg3(PO4)2やZn3(PO4)2、H3PO4を、表4に示す量で含んでいる。
本発明の実施例と比較例のために、溶融亜鉛メッキしたスチール試験板(ガルドボンド(R)OE HDG3、105×190mm)を用いた。
表中に記載の場合は、アルカリ脱脂溶液(リドライン(R)C72、ヘンケル社)に10−20秒間浸漬し、直ちに完全に脱イオン化した水で洗浄し、窒素で乾燥させた。
洗浄した板を、いずれの場合も、室温で表1に示す製剤中で1秒間浸漬し、ロールで絞り、乾燥オーブン中で160℃で12秒間乾燥させた(この操作中、乾燥中の最高金属温度は50℃以下であった)。
化成膜を塗布されたこれらの板を用いて腐食試験、具体的には、DIN50017−KFWに準じた空気湿度と空気温度を変更する凝縮気候周期試験とDIN50021−SSに準じた塩水噴霧試験(SSK)とを行った。
この凝縮気候周期試験(DIN51017)では、二つの試験条件からなる気候周期にそれぞれ一回以上かける。第一の試験条件では、試料を40℃の温度で100%の相対湿度に8時間曝し、第二の試験条件は、試料を18〜28℃の温度で100%未満の湿度(環境条件)に曝す。したがって、一周期の時間は24時間である。
0:白亜化なし
1:わずかな白亜化
2:中程度の白亜化
3:大きな白亜化
4:非常に大きな白亜化
f:少し斑点的な質感
F:明らで大きな斑点的質感
WR:白錆
I−、s−、m:少し〜ひどく霜降り状
「白亜化」とは、塗装上に白い曇りが出ることをいう。白亜化の程度が増加すると塗膜はますます不透明となる。
この噴霧試験は、DIN50021に記載の標準腐食試験であり、塩化ナトリウム溶液を試料上に細かく噴霧して作用させる。35℃で、傾いた試料に、湿った圧縮空気を用いて、80cm2の表面積に対して1時間に1.5mlの溶液を噴霧する。使用した溶液は5%濃度のNaCl溶液であった。塗布後の試料をそのまま試験に供する。試験時間はそれぞれ48時間である。
塩水噴霧試験における腐食防止の程度をDINEN−ISO10289に準拠して評価し、予め定められた標準から評価点数0〜10をつける。この評価点数は板上に白錆が発生する程度である。評価点数が高いほど、侵食された表面積が小さくなり、腐食防止がよくなる。評価点数は、次表により与えられる:
工業用金属帯亜鉛メッキラインで、一連の試験を行った。用いた基板は、溶融メッキ装置で亜鉛を275g/m2でメッキした鋼帯である。その後、製剤を、吹き付け棒システムを用いて、70〜80m/分の速度で流れるこの鋼帯に塗布し、ロール式システムでふき取り、乾燥する(ピーク金属温度<50℃)。
Claims (15)
- 金属表面不動態化用の酸性製剤であって、pH≦5であり、リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基を含有する水溶性又は水分散性のコポリマーの少なくとも1種を、製剤の全成分の量に対して0.1〜50質量%の量で含み、該コポリマーが以下の単量体単位:
(A)5〜80質量%の少なくとも1種の、一般式H 2 C=CR 1 −COOR 2 のモノ(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであり、式中、R1がHまたはメチルで、R2が以下の基:
(R2a)一般式−(R3−O−)n−R4の基で、nが2〜40の自然数であり、R3が独立してそれぞれ、2価の直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が2〜4であるアルキル基であり、R4がHまたは直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が1〜6であるアルキルであるもの、
(R2b)一般式−R5−Xmの基で、R5が(m+1)価の直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が1〜10のアルキル基であり、Xが−OH、−OR6、−NH2、−NHR6、−NR2 6、−N+HR2Y-または−N+R3Y-からなる群より選ばれる官能基であり、R6がメチルまたはエチルであり、Yが1価のアニオンであり、mが1〜6の自然数であり、R5中には炭素原子当たりの官能基Xの数が1以下であるもの、
(R2c)単糖基またはオリゴ糖基、から選ばれる基であるもの;
(B)10〜75質量%の、リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基及び/又はその塩及び/又はエステルを含有する少なくとも1種のモノエチレン性不飽和モノマー;
(C)5〜70質量%の、少なくとも1個のCOOH基及び/又はその塩を含有する少なくとも1種のモノエチレン性不飽和モノマー;及び
(D)0〜30質量%の、モノマー(A)〜(C)とは異なる他のエチレン性不飽和モノマー(ここで、モノマー(A)、(B)、(C)及び必要に応じて(D)以外に他のモノマーは存在しない);からなることを特徴とする製剤。 - R2が、−CH2−CH2−OH、−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH、−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH、−CH2−CH(OH)−CH3、−CH(CH3)−CH2−OHまたは−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−OHからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の基である請求項1に記載の製剤。
- モノマー(B)がビニルホスホン酸である請求項1又は2に記載の製剤。
- モノマー(C)が(メタ)アクリル酸である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の製剤。
- さらに少なくとも1種の分散したワックスを含む請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の製剤。
- さらに、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、およびAl3+からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属イオンを含む請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の製剤。
- さらに、H3PO4、HNO3またはメタンスルホン酸からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸を含む請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の製剤。
- Zn、Mg、Al、Sn、Fe、Niまたはその合金を含む金属表面を酸性の水性製剤で処理する金属表面の不動態化方法であって、当該処理に請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の製剤を用いることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記金属表面が、電気亜鉛メッキまたは溶融亜鉛メッキのスチール製の金属帯の表面であり、前記処理を連続的なプロセスで実施する請求項8に記載の方法。
- 製剤がクロムフリーである請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
- 前記金属表面の不動態化方法により形成された不動態化層の厚みが0.01〜3μmである請求項8〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基を含有する水溶性又は水分散性のコポリマーであって、以下の単量体単位:
(A)5〜80質量%の少なくとも1種の、一般式H 2 C=CR 1 −COOR 2 のモノ(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであり、式中、R1がHまたはメチルで、R2が次の基:
(R2a)一般式−(R3−O−)n−R4の基で、nが2〜40の自然数であり、R3が独立してそれぞれ、2価の直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が2〜4であるアルキル基であり、R4がHまたは直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が1〜6であるアルキルであるもの、
(R2b)一般式−R5−Xmの基で、R5が(m+1)価の直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数が1〜10のアルキル基であり、Xが−OH、−OR6、−NH2、−NHR6、−NR2 6、−N+HR2Y-または−N+R3Y-からなる群より選ばれる官能基であり、R6がメチルまたはエチルであり、Yが1価のアニオンであり、mが1〜6の自然数であり、R5中には炭素原子当たりの官能基Xの数が1以下である、
(R2c)単糖基またはオリゴ糖基、から選ばれる基である;
(B)10〜75質量%の、リン酸基及び/又はホスホン酸基及び/又はその塩及び/又はエステルを含有する少なくとも1種のモノエチレン性不飽和モノマー;
(C)5〜70質量%の、少なくとも1個のCOOH基及び/又はその塩を含有する少なくとも1種のモノエチレン性不飽和モノマー;及び
(D)0〜30質量%の、モノマー(A)〜(C)とは異なる他のエチレン性不飽和モノマー(ここで、モノマー(A)、(B)、(C)及び必要に応じて(D)以外に他のモノマーは存在しない);からなることを特徴とするコポリマー。 - R2が、−CH2−CH2−OH、−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH、−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH、−CH2−CH(OH)−CH3、−CH(CH3)−CH2−OHまたは−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−OHからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の基である請求項12に記載のコポリマー。
- モノマー(B)がビニルホスホン酸である請求項12又は13に記載のコポリマー。
- モノマー(C)が(メタ)アクリル酸である請求項12〜14のいずれか一項に記載のコポリマー。
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EP2049708A1 (de) | 2009-04-22 |
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BRPI0714839A2 (pt) | 2013-07-09 |
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CA2657124A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
CN101495676B (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
US8568522B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
ES2640523T3 (es) | 2017-11-03 |
US20090324839A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
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