JP5344882B2 - Livestock feed - Google Patents

Livestock feed Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP5344882B2
JP5344882B2 JP2008262560A JP2008262560A JP5344882B2 JP 5344882 B2 JP5344882 B2 JP 5344882B2 JP 2008262560 A JP2008262560 A JP 2008262560A JP 2008262560 A JP2008262560 A JP 2008262560A JP 5344882 B2 JP5344882 B2 JP 5344882B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
feed
pumpkin seed
oil
livestock
pumpkin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2008262560A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2010088367A (en
Inventor
博二 佐藤
弘 仁木
Original Assignee
株式会社 エス・ネット
株式会社日本健康食品研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社 エス・ネット, 株式会社日本健康食品研究所 filed Critical 株式会社 エス・ネット
Priority to JP2008262560A priority Critical patent/JP5344882B2/en
Publication of JP2010088367A publication Critical patent/JP2010088367A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5344882B2 publication Critical patent/JP5344882B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Landscapes

  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetable feed material with an excellent feed efficiency, for improving livestock feed problems brought with administration of thick feed, antibiotic, and an antibacterial agent. <P>SOLUTION: Livestock feed containing pumpkin seed lees is fed to livestock such as cattle, pig, and chicken so as to increase a milk quantity, and improve a meat quality, an egg-laying rate and a feed efficiency. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、乳牛，肉牛，豚，鶏等の動物用飼料にカボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とする家畜用飼料に関する。また、本発明は、カボチャ種子粕を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする５α‐リダクターゼ阻害機能を賦与した家畜用飼料に関する。   The present invention relates to a livestock feed characterized by containing a pumpkin seed meal in a feed for animals such as dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs and chickens. The present invention also relates to a livestock feed provided with a 5α-reductase inhibitory function, characterized by containing pumpkin seed meal as an active ingredient.

乳牛，肉牛，豚，鶏等の家畜は、国内自給率の向上という施策ともあいまって、近年その重要性が高まり、生産性向上のために濃厚飼料を与え試料効率を高められているが、天然物中心の飼料と比べ濃厚飼料は家畜の胃腸にかかる負担が大きく、家畜の成長率の低下，搾乳量の減少，肉質の劣下、産卵率の低下などの問題を生じている。また、飼育環境の集約化によるストレス等の諸要因により細菌性の疾病を発症する機会も多くなり、畜舎や鶏舎の維持に障害をもたらす等、業界にとっても大きな問題を生じている。細菌性やウイルス性の疾病に対する抗生物質や強力な抗菌剤の投与は、家畜の消化器官内の細菌叢を攪乱させ新たな疾病を誘発するなど問題が多く、また乳、食肉、卵中へのこれらの薬品の残留が指摘されるなど商品価値の低下や安全面の不安があるが、現時点では有効な解決法が見いだせない状況である。   Livestock such as dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs, and chickens has increased in importance in recent years in conjunction with measures to improve the domestic self-sufficiency rate, and concentrated feed has been provided to improve productivity, while increasing sample efficiency. Concentrated feeds have a greater burden on livestock's gastrointestinal tract than food-based feeds, causing problems such as reduced livestock growth rates, reduced milk yield, poor meat quality, and reduced egg production rates. In addition, there are many opportunities for developing bacterial diseases due to various factors such as stress due to the concentration of the breeding environment, which causes serious problems for the industry, such as causing obstacles to the maintenance of livestock houses and poultry houses. The administration of antibiotics and powerful antibacterial agents for bacterial and viral diseases has many problems, such as disrupting the flora in the digestive tract of livestock and inducing new diseases, and also in milk, meat and eggs. Although there is a decline in product value and safety concerns such as the presence of residual chemicals, no effective solution can be found at this time.

一方、本発明者等は、カボチャ種子の持つ薬理作用について鋭意研究を行ってきたところ、カボチャ種子に、５α‐リダクターゼによるジヒドロテストステロンの産生過剰を顕著に阻害する作用があることを見出し、前立腺肥大の予防および治療を目的とした飲食品または医薬品に関する特許を出願した。この前立腺肥大の予防および治療を目的とした飲食品または医薬品の原料としてカボチャ種子油を利用する際に、カボチャ種子からカボチャ種子油を搾油した後のカボチャ種子粕（カボチャ種子油粕を含む）が飼料の効率を著しく高めることを見出した。従来、我国ではカボチャ種子油を食する慣習が無く、そこで、カボチャ種子粕が大量に出回ることも無かったことから、それが飼料に利用される機会も無かった。したがって、カボチャ種子粕を飼料に利用する従来技術は見られない。   On the other hand, the present inventors have conducted extensive research on the pharmacological action of pumpkin seeds. As a result, they found that pumpkin seeds have an action of remarkably inhibiting excessive production of dihydrotestosterone by 5α-reductase. Applied for a patent on food and drink or pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of When pumpkin seed oil is used as a raw material for foods and beverages or medicines for the prevention and treatment of prostate hypertrophy, pumpkin seed meal (including pumpkin seed meal cake) after pumping pumpkin seed oil from pumpkin seeds is feed Has been found to significantly increase the efficiency. In the past, there was no custom of eating pumpkin seed oil in our country, and there was no opportunity to use it for feed because pumpkin seed meal was not available in large quantities. Therefore, there is no prior art using pumpkin seed meal for feed.

本発明者等は上記の家畜飼料に伴う問題の改善について検討を行った結果、従来の飼料添加物とは異なり、カボチャ種子粕が飼料の効率を著しく高めることを見出し、本発明を完成した。   As a result of studying the improvement of the problems associated with livestock feed, the present inventors have found that pumpkin seed meal significantly increases the feed efficiency, unlike the conventional feed additive, and completed the present invention.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、安全で長期投与の可能な、かつ上記効果を有する物質を植物由来の成分について探索することにある。本発明者等は種々検討した結果、カボチャ種子からカボチャ種子油を搾油した後のカボチャ種子粕に乳量の増加、肉質の改善、産卵率の向上及び飼料効率の改善作用を有することを見いだした。   The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to search for a plant-derived component for a substance that is safe and can be administered for a long period of time and has the above-described effects. As a result of various studies, the present inventors have found that the pumpkin seed cake after pumping the pumpkin seed oil from the pumpkin seed has an effect of increasing milk amount, improving meat quality, improving egg production rate and improving feed efficiency. .

したがって、本発明は、カボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とする家畜用飼料に関する。また、本発明は、カボチャ種子粕を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする５α‐リダクターゼ阻害機能を賦与した家畜用飼料に係るものである。
本発明は、カボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とする家畜用飼料を提供することにより、上記課題を解決することができた。 Therefore, the present invention relates to a livestock feed characterized by containing pumpkin seed meal. The present invention also relates to a livestock feed provided with a 5α-reductase inhibitory function, characterized by containing pumpkin seed meal as an active ingredient.
The present invention was able to solve the above problems by providing a livestock feed characterized by containing pumpkin seed meal.

本発明のカボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とする家畜用飼料を家畜に投与することにより、乳量の増加、肉質の改善、産卵率の向上及び飼料効率の改善を図ることができる。   By administering the livestock feed characterized by containing the pumpkin seed meal of the present invention to livestock, it is possible to increase milk yield, improve meat quality, improve egg production rate, and improve feed efficiency.

本発明に係る家畜用飼料は、カボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とするものである。   The livestock feed according to the present invention is characterized by containing pumpkin seed meal.

カボチャはウリ科の一年草または多年草で、大きく分けて東洋カボチャ(Cucurbita moschata)、西洋カボチャ(Cucurbita maxima)、ペポカボチャ(Cucurbita pepo)の3種類に分けられており、日本で一般に、食用に、又は冷凍食品や調理食品に加工されるのは、主に西洋カボチャである。東洋カボチャは日本カボチャとも言われ、粘質でねっとりしているが、現在はほとんど西洋カボチャが消費されている。ペポカボチャは殻のある種子を持つ東洋カボチャや西洋カボチャと大きく異なり、殻のない種子を持つのが大きな特徴であり、日本ではほとんど栽培されていない。本発明の家畜用飼料に用いるカボチャ種子粕は、東洋カボチャ、西洋カボチャ、あるいはペポカボチャのいずれの種子由来であっても良い。   Pumpkin is an annual or perennial plant of the cucurbitaceae, and is roughly divided into three types: oriental pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), western pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), pepo pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo). Or it is mainly a western pumpkin that is processed into frozen food or cooked food. Oriental pumpkins are said to be Japanese pumpkins and are sticky and sticky, but now Western pumpkins are almost consumed. Pepo pumpkins are very different from oriental and western pumpkins that have shelled seeds, and are characterized by having shellless seeds, which are rarely cultivated in Japan. The pumpkin seed meal used for the livestock feed of the present invention may be derived from any seed of oriental pumpkin, western pumpkin or pepo pumpkin.

本発明の家畜用飼料に配合するカボチャ種子粕の原料であるカボチャ種子は、冷凍食品などに加工される際の農産廃棄物である。加工時に排出された、カボチャ種子や「わた」はこれまで農地に堆肥として還元されてきたが、堆肥として利用するにも発芽したり、完熟に長期間を要するなど堆肥に適しているとは言えなかった。したがって、カボチャ種子は未利用バイオマスであり、廃棄物でもあった。この未利用バイオマスから前立腺肥大の予防および治療等を目的とする飲食品または医薬品の原料として利用するカボチャ種子油を搾油した後のカボチャ種子粕を飼料として利用することにより、資源の有効利用と、廃棄物の軽減という面からも本発明は有用である。   Pumpkin seeds, which are raw materials for pumpkin seed meal to be blended in the livestock feed of the present invention, are agricultural wastes when processed into frozen foods and the like. Pumpkin seeds and “wata” discharged during processing have been reduced to compost in the past, but it can be said that they are suitable for compost because they germinate for use as compost or require a long period of ripeness. There wasn't. Thus, pumpkin seeds were unused biomass and waste. Effective utilization of resources by using pumpkin seed meal after squeezing pumpkin seed oil used as a raw material for food and drink or pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of prostate hypertrophy from this unused biomass, The present invention is also useful from the aspect of waste reduction.

カボチャ種子粕に残存するカボチャ種子油が有する５α‐リダクターゼを顕著に阻害する作用を、大豆油、菜種油、綿実油などの通常良く用いられる油と下記試験例に示す如く比較した。その結果、大豆油、菜種油、綿実油には５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性が殆んど無いのに対し、カボチャ種子油には顕著な５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性を有することが認められ、添加濃度に比例して、５α‐リダクターゼ活性阻害が増大することが認められた。   The action of significantly inhibiting 5α-reductase contained in the pumpkin seed oil remaining in the pumpkin seed meal was compared with oils commonly used such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil as shown in the following test examples. As a result, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and cottonseed oil have almost no 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, whereas pumpkin seed oil has a remarkable 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, which is proportional to the added concentration. Increased inhibition of 5α-reductase activity was observed.

［試験例１］
西洋カボチャ種子油と、大量に消費されている大豆油、菜種油、綿実油の５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性を測定した。 [Test Example 1]
The 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of western pumpkin seed oil and soybean oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil consumed in large quantities was measured.

（西洋カボチャ種子油の調製）
西洋カボチャ種子油は精選した西洋カボチャ種子を粗く挽いた後、圧搾機にかけて油分を絞り集めた。油分は濾別後、水を加えて生じた沈殿物を遠心分離で除いて精製して得た。大豆油、菜種油、綿実油は市販のものを用いた。 (Preparation of Western pumpkin seed oil)
Western pumpkin seed oil was coarsely ground from selected western pumpkin seeds, and then squeezed and collected by a press. The oil was separated by filtration, purified by removing the precipitate formed by adding water and centrifuging. Commercially available soybean oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil were used.

（酵素液の調製）
8週齢の雄性ＳＤラットを24時間絶食後開腹し肝臓を摘出した。摘出した肝臓はKrebs−Ringerリン酸緩衝液(pH 7.4)で灌流して血液を除去し凍結固定した。凍結固定した肝臓を乳鉢で粉砕した後、５倍量の10mmol/L Tris-塩酸緩衝液(pH 7.2)を加えホモジネートした。これを9,000×g、4℃で10分間遠心分離し、上清を分取し、−80℃で凍結保存した。 (Preparation of enzyme solution)
Eight-week-old male SD rats were fasted for 24 hours and then laparotomized, and the livers were removed. The extracted liver was perfused with Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to remove blood and freeze-fixed. The frozen and fixed liver was pulverized in a mortar, and then homogenated by adding 5 volumes of 10 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2). This was centrifuged at 9,000 × g for 10 minutes at 4 ° C., and the supernatant was collected and stored frozen at −80 ° C.

（反応液の調製）
テストステロン溶液は500μg/ml(プロピレングリコール：10mM Tris-塩酸緩衝液(pH 7.2)=1:1 v/v)を用いた。補酵素溶液はＮＡＤＰＨ（ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸）を用いた。緩衝液は10mM Tris-塩酸緩衝液(pH 7.2)を用いた。酵素液を添加しないものを試料Ａ、酵素液を添加し、それぞれの油を添加しないものを試料Ｂとした。被験物質であるそれぞれの油は50%エタノール溶液としたものを用いてテストステロン溶液と混和し、これに緩衝液を加え、酵素液及び補酵素溶液を添加したものを試料Ｃとして反応させた。
反応液を37℃で30分間インキュベートし、70％過塩素酸0.05mlを加え、固相抽出カラム(OASIS HLB )に付加した。精製水2mlをカラムに通液して洗浄し、次いで、40％メタノール2mlをカラムに通液して洗浄した。溶出液（100％メタノール）1mlをカラムに通液してテストステロンを溶出し、溶出液を減圧乾固した。残渣を65％メタノール0.25mlで溶解した。この溶解液0.01mlを高速液体クロマトグラフィー（YMC-Pak ODS-AM）による測定に用いた。メタノール:水=65:35 （v/v）の移動相で40℃付近、流速1.0ml/minで測定した。検出は紫外吸光光度計（測定波長：254nm）を用いた。 (Preparation of reaction solution)
As the testosterone solution, 500 μg / ml (propylene glycol: 10 mM Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 7.2) = 1: 1 v / v) was used. As the coenzyme solution, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) was used. The buffer used was 10 mM Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 7.2). Sample A was added with no enzyme solution, sample B was added with enzyme solution, and sample B was added without each oil. Each oil as a test substance was mixed with a testosterone solution using a 50% ethanol solution, a buffer solution was added thereto, and a sample C was reacted with an enzyme solution and a coenzyme solution added thereto.
The reaction solution was incubated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, 0.05 ml of 70% perchloric acid was added, and the reaction solution was added to a solid phase extraction column (OASIS HLB). 2 ml of purified water was passed through the column for washing, and then 2 ml of 40% methanol was passed through the column for washing. 1 ml of eluate (100% methanol) was passed through the column to elute testosterone, and the eluate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved with 0.25 ml of 65% methanol. 0.01 ml of the lysate was used for measurement by high performance liquid chromatography (YMC-Pak ODS-AM). Measurement was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 ml / min at around 40 ° C. in a mobile phase of methanol: water = 65: 35 (v / v). For detection, an ultraviolet absorptiometer (measurement wavelength: 254 nm) was used.

（阻害率計算）
阻害率は次の式で求めた。
阻害率（％）＝100−（試料Ａピーク面積−試料Ｃピーク面積）／（試料Ａピーク面積−試料Ｂピーク面積）×100 (Inhibition rate calculation)
The inhibition rate was calculated by the following formula.
Inhibition rate (%) = 100− (sample A peak area−sample C peak area) / (sample A peak area−sample B peak area) × 100

大豆油、菜種油、綿実油などの５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性を測定した結果を表１に示した。   Table 1 shows the results of measuring the 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil and the like.

このように、大豆油、菜種油、綿実油には５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性が殆んど無いのに対し、カボチャ種子油には顕著な５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性を有することが認められ、添加濃度に比例して、５α‐リダクターゼ活性阻害が増大することが認められた。   Thus, while soybean oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil have almost no 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, pumpkin seed oil has been found to have significant 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, which is proportional to the added concentration. 5α-reductase activity inhibition was increased.

カボチャ種子粕には抽出方法によって異なるが、７−２８％の油が残存しており、カボチャ種子粕を他の飼料素材と配合して家畜に給餌すると、牛や豚の肥育効率が上がり、さらに脂肪が筋肉内に入り込み、いわゆる霜降り肉となりやすく、また、搾乳量が増加し、さらに、鶏では産卵率の向上が図られることを見出した。これはカボチャ種子油が有する５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性作用によって、家畜体内のテストステロン（男性ホルモン）の作用が抑えられ、相対的に、家畜体内のエストロゲン（女性ホルモン）の作用が高まることによるものと推定される。テストステロンは生体の活動を高め、エネルギーを消費して脂肪の燃焼を高める。一方、エストロゲンは脂肪の蓄積を促進し、乳房の働きを高め、産卵を促す働きがある。   Depending on the extraction method, the pumpkin seed meal contains 7-28% of oil. When pumpkin seed meal is mixed with other feed ingredients and fed to livestock, the fattening efficiency of cattle and pigs increases. It has been found that fat easily penetrates into muscles and becomes so-called marbled meat, the milking amount increases, and the egg-laying rate is improved in chickens. It is estimated that this is due to the fact that the action of testosterone (male hormone) in livestock is suppressed by the 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of pumpkin seed oil, and the effect of estrogen (female hormone) in livestock is relatively increased. Is done. Testosterone increases body activity and consumes energy to increase fat burning. On the other hand, estrogen promotes fat accumulation, enhances the function of the breast, and promotes egg laying.

本発明で用いたカボチャ種子粕と代表的な種子油粕である大豆粕の組成を表２に示す。カボチャ種子粕には残存した脂肪分が多く含まれている。上記したカボチャ種子粕が家畜の飼料として好ましい効果を有するのは、この脂肪に含まれる５α‐リダクターゼ阻害活性作用によるものと推察される。また、カボチャ種子粕は、可溶性無窒素物および、粗繊維が大豆油粕に比べ少ない。   Table 2 shows the composition of the pumpkin seed meal used in the present invention and soybean meal which is a typical seed oil meal meal. Pumpkin seed pods are rich in residual fat. It is presumed that the above-described pumpkin seed meal has a favorable effect as a livestock feed due to the 5α-reductase inhibitory activity action contained in this fat. Pumpkin seed meal has less soluble nitrogen-free matter and coarse fiber than soybean meal meal.

本発明に係るカボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とする家畜用飼料は、下記試験例に示す如く、乳牛に対する飼育試験の結果、乳量の増加、脂肪率の向上がみられ、肉牛に対する飼育試験の結果、肉質の改善がみられ、豚に対する飼育試験の結果、肥育効果がみられ、鶏に対しては産卵率の向上がみられるというそれぞれの家畜に対し、当初の予想を超える顕著な効果を有することが判った。また、本発明に係るカボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とする家畜用飼料を投与した乳牛、肉牛、豚、鶏のいずれにおいても、下痢などは発生せず、疾病も見られなかった。   The livestock feed characterized by containing the pumpkin seed meal according to the present invention, as shown in the following test examples, shows an increase in milk yield and an increase in fat percentage as a result of the breeding test on dairy cows. As a result of the test, the meat quality was improved, and as a result of the breeding test for pigs, fattening effect was observed, and for chickens, the egg-laying rate was improved. It was found to have an effect. In addition, no diarrhea occurred and no disease was observed in any of dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs and chickens administered with livestock feed characterized by containing the pumpkin seed meal according to the present invention.

本発明の家畜用飼料に配合するカボチャ種子粕の製造法は概略次の通りである。   The production method of the pumpkin seed meal mixed with the livestock feed of the present invention is as follows.

東洋カボチャ又は西洋カボチャの種子から脂質を抽出する。脂質の抽出は、（1）種子を粗く挽いた後、圧搾機にかけて油分を絞り集める生搾り法、(2) 種子を加熱圧扁後、圧搾機にかけて油分を絞り集める加熱圧搾法、(3) 種子を加熱圧扁後、ｎ-へキサンで油分の抽出を行い、油分とへキサンの混合液からへキサンを留去する溶媒(ｎ‐へキサン)抽出法、のいずれでも良く、集めた油分は濾別後、水を加えて生じた沈殿物を遠心分離で除いて精製する。また、生搾り法、加熱圧搾法は油分の抽出効果が悪く、抽出残渣にかなりの油分が残っており、この残存油分回収のため溶媒法を併用する(4)圧抽法を用いるのも良い。この圧抽法(4)は、生搾り法(1)および加熱圧搾法(2)の抽出残渣にヘキサンを加えて残存する油分を抽出し、溶媒留去の油分は各抽出法の油分とまとめて精製するので効率の面で有効である。カボチャ種子油の抽出を主目的にする場合には(3)、(4)が効率的ではあるが、家畜用飼料としてカボチャ種子粕を用いる場合には、カボチャ種子粕に油分が残存していても良いので、また、製造コストの面からも、生搾り法(1)および加熱圧搾法(2)で充分である。   Extract lipids from seeds of oriental pumpkin or western pumpkin. Lipids are extracted by (1) raw squeezing method after coarsely grinding the seeds and then squeezing the oil through a press, (2) hot squeezing method after squeezing the seeds and then squeezing the oil through a squeezing machine, (3) After extracting the seeds with heat, the oil is extracted with n-hexane, and any of the solvent (n-hexane) extraction methods for distilling off the hexane from the mixture of the oil and hexane can be used. After filtration, the precipitate formed by adding water is removed by centrifugation and purified. In addition, the raw squeezing method and the heat squeezing method have a poor oil extraction effect, and a considerable amount of oil remains in the extraction residue, and it is also possible to use a solvent extraction method in combination with the residual oil recovery (4) . In this extraction method (4), hexane is added to the extraction residue of the raw squeezing method (1) and the heated squeezing method (2) to extract the remaining oil, and the oil from the solvent distillation is combined with the oil in each extraction method. It is effective in terms of efficiency. When extraction of pumpkin seed oil is the main objective, (3) and (4) are efficient, but when using pumpkin seed meal as a livestock feed, oil remains in the pumpkin seed meal. From the viewpoint of production cost, the raw squeezing method (1) and the heat pressing method (2) are sufficient.

以上のいずれかの抽出法を用いて油を抽出した残余のカボチャ種子粕は、黄色を呈した「おから状」であるが、そのままで、あるいは粉砕して乾燥させて、他の原料と配合して本発明の家畜用飼料として利用する。家畜用飼料に配合するカボチャ種子粕の割合は特に制限が無いが、少なすぎると本発明の効果を生じないことがある。   The remaining pumpkin seed pods extracted from the oil using any of the above extraction methods have a yellow “okara-like” shape, but are blended with other raw materials as they are or after being crushed and dried. Then, it is used as the livestock feed of the present invention. The ratio of the pumpkin seed meal mixed with the livestock feed is not particularly limited, but if it is too small, the effects of the present invention may not be produced.

カボチャ種子粕を飼料とする場合に、サイレージにすることもできる。サイレージとして利用する場合は、水分６０−７０％とし、ポリエチレンバッグに詰め、１カ月発酵させて、サイレージとする。カボチャ種子粕に抽出した油を洗った水を加え、種子を分別した時に除いた「わた」を加えても良い。また、このサイレージに乾草を配合して給餌することもできる。   When using pumpkin seed meal as feed, it can be made into silage. When it is used as silage, the water content is 60-70%, it is packed in a polyethylene bag and fermented for 1 month to make silage. Water extracted from the extracted oil may be added to the pumpkin seed pod, and “wat” removed when the seeds are separated may be added. It is also possible to feed this silage with hay.

本発明に係る家畜用飼料に含まれる他の穀類としては、例えば、トウモロコシ、マイロ、大麦、ライ麦、エン麦、加熱処理大麦、加熱処理トウモロコシ、加熱処理大豆、加熱処理マイロ、玄米など公知の配合飼料で用いられる穀類を挙げることができ、これらのうち１種以上を組み合わせて用いる。また、糟糠類としては、例えば、ふすま、コーングルテンフィード、麦ぬか、大豆皮、米ぬかなど公知の配合飼料で用いられる糟糠類を挙げることができ、これらのうち１種以上を組み合わせて用いる。   Other cereals contained in the livestock feed according to the present invention include, for example, known blends such as corn, mylo, barley, rye, oats, heat-treated barley, heat-treated corn, heat-treated soybean, heat-treated mylo, brown rice Cereals used in feed can be mentioned, and one or more of these are used in combination. Examples of the moss include moss used in known blended feeds such as bran, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, soybean hulls, and rice bran, and one or more of these are used in combination.

本発明に係る家畜用飼料には、適宜、ビタミン類やミネラル、ならびに、家畜の嗜好性の向上等のために種々の添加物が添加される。例えば、糖蜜、ショ糖、パイナップルかす、アルファルファミール、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、食塩、ビタミンＡ、ビタミンＤ３、ニコチン酸、パントテン酸カルシウム、コリン、硫酸マンガン、硫酸鉄、硫酸コバルト、硫酸銅、硫酸亜鉛、ヨウ素酸カルシウム等を挙げることができる。   Various additives are added to the feed for livestock according to the present invention as appropriate in order to improve vitamins and minerals and the taste of livestock. For example, molasses, sucrose, pineapple powder, alfalfa meal, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, salt, vitamin A, vitamin D3, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, choline, manganese sulfate, iron sulfate, cobalt sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iodine Calcium acid etc. can be mentioned.

家畜用飼料中のカボチャ種子粕以外の成分の配合割合については特に限定されないが、カボチャ種子粕以外の穀類、糟糠類は、少なくとも２５重量％以上であることが好ましい。カボチャ種子粕以外の穀類、糟糠類が２５重量％未満であると、好ましい量のデンプンを供給しにくい。配合は、家畜の成長や後述する粗飼料との組み合わせによって、適宜、粗蛋白質、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗繊維などが所望の値となるよう調整される。   The mixing ratio of components other than the pumpkin seed meal in the feed for livestock is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the amount of cereals and meal other than the pumpkin seed meal is at least 25% by weight or more. It is difficult to supply a preferable amount of starch when the amount of cereals other than pumpkin seed meal is less than 25% by weight. The blending is appropriately adjusted so that the crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, and the like have desired values depending on the growth of livestock and the combination with the roughage described later.

本発明に係る肉牛、乳牛用の家畜用飼料は、粗飼料、すなわちアルファルファ、稲わら、チモシー、ビート、ヘイキューブ、ビートパルプ、各種サイレージなどの乾草およびその加工品や青草、すなわち青刈りしたままの草類を主とする公知の飼料に組み合わされて使用することができる。本配合飼料の粗飼料との給餌割合は、公知の範囲であり、特に限定されないが、粗繊維を多く含むため、粗飼料は比較的少量とすることが好ましい。   The livestock feed for beef cattle and dairy cattle according to the present invention is roughage, that is, hay such as alfalfa, rice straw, timothy, beet, hay cube, beet pulp, various silages, and processed products and green grass, that is, green-cut. It can be used in combination with known feeds mainly consisting of grasses. The feed ratio of the present mixed feed with the rough feed is within a known range and is not particularly limited. However, since it contains a large amount of crude fibers, it is preferable that the amount of the rough feed is relatively small.

以下に、実施例及び試験例を示し、本発明についてより詳細に説明するが、これらは単に例示するのみであり、本発明はこれらによって何ら限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples. However, these are merely illustrative and the present invention is not limited thereto.

（黒毛和牛用配合飼料の調製）
精選した西洋カボチャ種子を粗く挽いた後、圧搾機にかけて油分を絞り、油を抽出した残余のカボチャ種子粕を得た。カボチャ種子粕重量は原料のカボチャ種子重量の７５％であった。このカボチャ種子粕４０部に対し、トウモロコシ３５部、大麦２１．７部、食塩１．５部及びビタミン＆ミネラル１．８部を混和し、黒毛和牛用飼料を得た。 (Preparation of mixed feed for Japanese black beef)
After carefully grinding the selected western pumpkin seeds, the oil content was squeezed through a pressing machine to obtain the remaining pumpkin seed pods from which the oil was extracted. The pumpkin seed weight was 75% of the raw material pumpkin seed weight. To 40 parts of this pumpkin seed meal, 35 parts of corn, 21.7 parts of barley, 1.5 parts of salt and 1.8 parts of vitamins and minerals were mixed to obtain a feed for Japanese black beef.

［試験例２］
（黒毛和牛肥育試験）
実施例１で得られたカボチャ種子粕を配合した黒毛和牛用飼料と、対照として大豆粕を用いて製造した配合飼料とで、黒毛和牛の肥育試験を行った。カボチャ種子粕または大豆粕を用いて製造した飼料の配合は表３のとおりである。約１２ケ月齢の黒毛和種12頭を、平均体重が同じになるように各６頭を２群に割り付け、１２ヶ月間自由摂取で与えた。
肥育試験の結果を表４に示す。ＢＭＳ（脂肪交雑標準モデル）、枝肉重量は（社）日本食肉格付協会が定める方法により求めた。２群における各値について単純平均した。 [Test Example 2]
(Japanese black beef fattening test)
A Japanese black beef fattening test was conducted with the feed for Japanese black beef mixed with the pumpkin seed meal obtained in Example 1 and the mixed feed produced with soybean meal as a control. Table 3 shows the composition of the feed produced using the pumpkin seed meal or soybean meal. Twelve months of Japanese black cattle, about 12 months old, were assigned to two groups, each with 6 heads so that the average weight was the same, and were given free intake for 12 months.
Table 4 shows the results of the fattening test. BMS (standard model for marbling) and carcass weight were determined by the method defined by Japan Meat Rating Association. A simple average was made for each value in the two groups.

表４に示すように、対照の大豆粕群と比較し本発明のカボチャ
種子粕群を含有する飼料給餌群では試験期間中の飼料摂取量、体重増加量、枝肉量等が増加し、肉質も改善された。
以上より、カボチャ種子粕含有飼料を給餌することにより、飼料摂取量、体重増加量、枝肉量増加促進効果や肉質改善効果が得られることが認められた。 As shown in Table 4, compared to the control soybean meal group, the feed intake group containing the pumpkin seed meal group of the present invention increased the feed intake, weight gain, carcass amount, etc. during the test period, and the meat quality also increased. Improved.
From the above, it was confirmed that feeding the pumpkin seed meal containing feed yielded effects of promoting feed intake, weight gain, carcass weight increase, and meat quality improvement.

（乳牛用配合飼料の調製）
精選した西洋カボチャ種子を粗く挽いた後、圧搾機にかけて油分を絞り、油を抽出した残余のカボチャ種子粕を得た。カボチャ種子粕重量は原料のカボチャ種子重量の７５％であった。このカボチャ種子粕４０部に対し、トウモロコシ３２部、チモシー乾草１５部、アルファルファ乾草９．７部、食塩１．５部、ビタミン及びミネラル１．８部を混和し、乳牛用飼料を得た。 (Preparation of formula feed for dairy cattle)
After carefully grinding the selected western pumpkin seeds, the oil content was squeezed through a pressing machine to obtain the remaining pumpkin seed pods from which the oil was extracted. The pumpkin seed weight was 75% of the raw material pumpkin seed weight. To 40 parts of this pumpkin seed meal, 32 parts of corn, 15 parts of timothy hay, 9.7 parts of alfalfa hay, 1.5 parts of salt, 1.8 parts of vitamins and minerals were mixed to obtain a feed for dairy cows.

［試験例３］
（乳牛の飼養試験）
実施例２で得られたカボチャ種子粕を配合した乳牛用飼料と対照として大豆粕を用いて製造した配合飼料とで、乳牛の飼養試験を行った。カボチャ種子粕または大豆粕を用いて製造した飼料の配合は表５のとおりである。開放牛舎で飼育されているホルスタイン種乳牛（成体）１２頭を、平均体重が同じになるように各６頭を２群に割り付け、８ケ月間自由摂取で与えた。牛乳は、毎日採取して分析に供し、乳量、乳脂肪分、乳蛋白を測定した。
飼育試験の結果を表６に示す。乳量、乳脂肪分、乳蛋白は各群の平均値を算出したものである。 [Test Example 3]
(Dairy cow feeding test)
A dairy cow feeding test was conducted with the feed for dairy cows blended with pumpkin seed meal obtained in Example 2 and the blended feed produced with soybean meal as a control. Table 5 shows the composition of the feed produced using the pumpkin seed meal or soybean meal. Twelve Holstein dairy cows (adult) bred in an open barn were assigned to two groups of 6 each so that the average weight would be the same, and given free for 8 months. Milk was collected every day for analysis, and milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein were measured.
Table 6 shows the results of the breeding test. Milk yield, milk fat content and milk protein are the average values of each group.

表６に示すように、対照の大豆粕群と比較し本発明のカボチャ
種子粕群では試験期間中の乳量、乳脂肪量、乳蛋白量が増加した。
以上より、カボチャ種子粕含有飼料を給餌することにより、乳量、乳脂肪量、乳蛋白量増加促進効果が得られることが認められた。 As shown in Table 6, the amount of milk, the amount of milk fat, and the amount of milk protein increased during the test period in the pumpkin seed cocoon group of the present invention compared to the control soybean cocoon group.
From the above, it was confirmed that feeding the pumpkin seed meal containing feed yielded the effect of promoting the increase in milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein content.

（子豚肥育用飼料の調製）
精選した西洋カボチャ種子を粗く挽いた後、圧搾機にかけて油分を絞り、油を抽出した残余のカボチャ種子粕を得た。カボチャ種子粕重量は原料のカボチャ種子重量の７５％であった。このカボチャ種子粕４０部に対し、小麦粉３３部 トウモロコシ１０部、砂糖１０部、脱脂粉乳５．３部、アミノ酸０．７部、食塩０．５部、ビタミン及びミネラル０．５部を混和し、子豚肥育用飼料を得た。 (Preparation of feed for piglet fattening)
After carefully grinding the selected western pumpkin seeds, the oil content was squeezed through a pressing machine to obtain the remaining pumpkin seed pods from which the oil was extracted. The pumpkin seed weight was 75% of the raw material pumpkin seed weight. 40 parts of this pumpkin seed meal, 33 parts of flour, 10 parts of corn, 10 parts of sugar, 5.3 parts of skim milk powder, 0.7 parts of amino acid, 0.5 parts of salt, 0.5 parts of vitamins and minerals, A feed for fattening piglets was obtained.

［試験例４］
実施例３で得られたカボチャ種子粕を配合した養豚用飼料と対照として大豆粕を用いて製造した配合飼料とで、子豚の肥育試験を行った。カボチャ種子粕または大豆粕を用いて製造した配合飼料の配合は表７のとおりである。体重約9.5ｋｇの子豚１２頭（雄６頭、雌６頭）の子豚雄雌各３頭を、平均体重が同じになるように１群６頭に割り付けた。配合飼料を４週間自由摂取で与え、豚舎で飼育した。開始時体重，終了時体重を測定した。肥育試験の結果を表８に示す。 [Test Example 4]
The piglet fattening test was conducted using the feed for pig farming containing the pumpkin seed meal obtained in Example 3 and the blended feed produced using soybean meal as a control. Table 7 shows the composition of the mixed feed produced using the pumpkin seed meal or soybean meal. Three piglets of 12 piglets (6 males and 6 females) weighing approximately 9.5 kg were allocated to 6 pigs per group so that the average body weight was the same. Formulated feed was given by free intake for 4 weeks and was raised in a pig house. Body weight at start and end was measured. Table 8 shows the results of the fattening test.

表８に示すように本発明のカボチャ種子粕含有飼料で飼育した子豚の平均増体重は７．１Kgで、対照の大豆粕含有飼料で飼育した子豚の６．５Kgに比べ、有意に体重が増加した。
以上より、カボチャ種子粕含有飼料を給餌することにより、肥育促進効果が得られることが認められた。 As shown in Table 8, the average weight gain of the piglets raised with the pumpkin seed meal containing the present invention was 7.1 kg, which was significantly higher than the 6.5 kg of the piglets raised with the control soybean meal containing feed. increased.
From the above, it was confirmed that feeding effect of fattening was obtained by feeding the pumpkin seed meal containing feed.

（産卵鶏用飼料の調製）
精選した西洋カボチャ種子を粗く挽いた後、圧搾機にかけて油分を絞り、油を抽出した残余のカボチャ種子粕を得た。カボチャ種子粕重量は原料のカボチャ種子重量の７５％であった。このカボチャ種子粕４０部に対し、トウモロコシ３５部、米糠１１部、魚粉１０部、炭酸カルシウム２部、食塩１部、ビタミン及びミネラル１部を混和し、産卵鶏用飼料を得た。 (Preparation of feed for laying hens)
After carefully grinding the selected western pumpkin seeds, the oil content was squeezed through a pressing machine to obtain the remaining pumpkin seed pods from which the oil was extracted. The pumpkin seed weight was 75% of the raw material pumpkin seed weight. To 40 parts of this pumpkin seed meal, 35 parts of corn, 11 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of salt, 1 part of vitamins and minerals were mixed to obtain a feed for laying hens.

［試験例５］
（産卵鶏産卵試験）
実施例４で得られたカボチャ種子粕を配合した産卵鶏用飼料と対照として大豆粕を用いて製造した配合飼料とで、鶏の産卵試験を行った。カボチャ種子粕または大豆粕を用いて製造した飼料の配合は表９のとおりである。70日齢の白色レグホン系１群４０羽を開放鶏舎で単飼、不断給餌方式で給餌して12週間飼育した。
産卵試験の結果を表１０に示す。産卵率は期間中の産卵個数を産卵鶏数で割ったものの百分率で示す。 [Test Example 5]
(Laying chicken egg-laying test)
An egg-laying test for chickens was conducted using the feed for laying hens containing the pumpkin seed meal obtained in Example 4 and the composition feed produced using soybean meal as a control. Table 9 shows the composition of the feed produced using the pumpkin seed meal or soybean meal. A group of 40 70-day-old white leghorns was bred for 12 weeks in a single open poultry house and fed in an indefinite feeding system.
The results of the egg-laying test are shown in Table 10. The egg-laying rate is expressed as a percentage of the number of eggs laid during the period divided by the number of eggs laid.

表１０に示すように本発明のカボチャ種子粕含有飼料で飼育した鶏の産卵率、卵重量ともに対照の大豆粕含有飼料で飼育した鶏に比べ、有意に高かった。
以上より、カボチャ種子粕含有飼料を給餌することにより、産卵促進効果が得られることが認められた。 As shown in Table 10, the egg-laying rate and egg weight of the chickens bred with the pumpkin seed meal containing feed of the present invention were significantly higher than the chickens bred with the control soybean meal containing feed.
From the above, it was confirmed that the effect of promoting egg laying was obtained by feeding the pumpkin seed meal containing feed.

以上の各家畜の飼育試験結果から、カボチャ種子粕が飼料の効率を著しく高めることが認められた。これにより、カボチャ種子油を搾油した残余物であり廃棄するしかなかったカボチャ種子粕が、家畜飼料という新たな用途に使用できる。しかもカボチャ種子粕を配合した飼料は、乳量の増加、肉質の改善、産卵率の向上及び飼料効率の改善を図ることができるという優れた効果を有する。
したがって、本発明のカボチャ種子粕含有飼料は、畜産業において有利に利用することができる。 From the results of the above-mentioned livestock breeding tests, it was confirmed that pumpkin seed meal significantly increases the efficiency of the feed. Thereby, the pumpkin seed meal which was the residue which squeezed pumpkin seed oil and had to discard can be used for the new use of livestock feed. Moreover, the feed blended with pumpkin seed meal has excellent effects of increasing milk yield, improving meat quality, improving egg production rate, and improving feed efficiency.
Therefore, the pumpkin seed meal-containing feed of the present invention can be advantageously used in the livestock industry.

Claims (3)

カボチャ種子粕を含有することを特徴とする家畜用飼料。   Livestock feed characterized by containing pumpkin seed meal. カボチャ種子粕を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする５α‐リダクターゼ阻害機能を賦与した家畜用飼料。   A livestock feed provided with a 5α-reductase inhibiting function, characterized by containing pumpkin seed meal as an active ingredient. 家畜が肉牛、乳牛、豚、鶏から選択される請求項１または２に記載の家畜用飼料。   The livestock feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the livestock is selected from beef cattle, dairy cattle, pigs and chickens.
JP2008262560A 2008-10-09 2008-10-09 Livestock feed Expired - Fee Related JP5344882B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008262560A JP5344882B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2008-10-09 Livestock feed

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008262560A JP5344882B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2008-10-09 Livestock feed

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2010088367A JP2010088367A (en) 2010-04-22
JP5344882B2 true JP5344882B2 (en) 2013-11-20

Family

ID=42251742

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2008262560A Expired - Fee Related JP5344882B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2008-10-09 Livestock feed

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP5344882B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5679832B2 (en) * 2010-10-07 2015-03-04 弘 仁木 Method for producing western pumpkin seed oil
CN102726619A (en) * 2011-04-08 2012-10-17 田言盛 A novel high-quality and high-protein concentrated feed specially for cows
CN102687791B (en) * 2012-05-16 2013-08-07 辽宁大学 Application of Coprinus comatus mycelium polysaccharide in livestock feed
JP6761705B2 (en) * 2016-02-01 2020-09-30 株式会社日本健康食品研究所 5α-reductase inhibitor and urinary disease treatment / prevention composition and method for producing these
JP2021083345A (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-06-03 エア・ウォーター物流株式会社 Method of producing pumpkin residue-containing processed fertilizer

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA954785B (en) * 1994-06-16 1996-02-08 Yamanouchi Pharma Co Ltd Crude drug-containing feed
JPH09301884A (en) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-25 Ichimaru Pharcos Co Ltd Testosterone 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor containing blackberry lily extract and alpha-hydroxyl acid and its application
JP2001342142A (en) * 2000-06-01 2001-12-11 Nissui Pharm Co Ltd Composition for preventing and curing urologic disease
KR100462173B1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2004-12-16 안국약품 주식회사 A composition for prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence
JP2006333845A (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-14 Unitika Ltd Compounding agent for fodder
JP2007230983A (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-09-13 Shonan Institute For Medical & Preventive Science Prostatic hypertrophy inhibitor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010088367A (en) 2010-04-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106107077B (en) Special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia region in cold season and preparation method thereof
KR101782110B1 (en) feed additive enhanced omega-3 fatty acid and manufacturing method thereof and method for breeding cattle
CN101700097B (en) Tea feed and preparation method thereof
IE45611B1 (en) Feedstuff or feedstuff additive and process for its producion
Habeeb et al. Using of sugar beet pulp by-product in farm animals feeding
Zahari et al. Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia
Ahmed et al. Performance of growing sheep on Azolla based diets
CN104206835A (en) Organic sheep feed for improving quality of mutton
JP5344882B2 (en) Livestock feed
CN105053620A (en) Supplement feed for Holstein bull calf dedicated fattening fine feed
Jelali et al. Daily and alternate day supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal or soyabean meal to lambs receiving oat hay
KR101556887B1 (en) Composition of cattle feed and method for preparing the same
Mlambo et al. Nutritional evaluation of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) seed cake as a protein supplement for goats fed grass hay.
Maneerat et al. Effect of feeding total mixed fiber on feed intake and milk production in mid-lactating dairy cows
JPWO2010113886A1 (en) Livestock gain promoter, gain-enhancing feed, and method for promoting gain
Bindelle et al. Voluntary intake, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of fresh forages fed to Guinea pigs in periurban rearing systems of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Wallace et al. Substitutes for fluid milk in feeding dairy calves
KR102492755B1 (en) Method for preparing fermented total mixed ration using microbial strain complex and steam treatment
Bahman et al. Use of date palm leaves in high concentrate diets for lactating Friesian and Holstein cows
KR20130112123A (en) A goat feed composition improving the quality of meat through the high content of sulfur, saponins and unsaturated fatty acids in beef goat
CN1961711B (en) A feedstuff and preparation method thereof
Habeeb et al. Using olive oil by-products in farm animals feeding
Jones et al. Utilization of Starea, urea, or soybean meal in complete rations for lactating dairy cows
KR100485057B1 (en) Animal feed composition comprising an extract of Diospyrous kaki
Thang et al. Effects of supplementation of mixed cassava (Manihot esculenta) and legume (Phaseolus calcaratus) fodder on the rumen degradability and performance of growing cattle

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A711 Notification of change in applicant

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711

Effective date: 20110607

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20110608

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20110916

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20121018

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20121031

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20130806

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20130813

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 5344882

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees