CN106107077B - Special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia region in cold season and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia region in cold season and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons and a preparation method thereof, wherein the daily ration is prepared from concentrated feed and coarse feed according to the weight ratio of 3-5: 5-7 parts of corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn germ meal, sesame cake, DDGS, corn bran, rumen-bypass fat, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, stone powder, sodium bicarbonate, salt, a ruminant microecological product and a mutton sheep special premix, wherein the coarse feed is prepared by mixing bean curd residue, corn straws and straw straws. The feed intake of the mutton sheep can be obviously increased, the growth speed of the mutton sheep is increased, the incidence rate of fattening meat urinary calculus is reduced, the breeding loss is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to a special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Ningxia is a dominant mutton sheep industrial zone in northwest China, and is a preferential development support area in China. The mutton sheep industry is in a rapid development stage as a dominant and characteristic industry of Ningxia animal husbandry at present, and plays a positive role in pulling economic development of animal husbandry and promoting income increase of farmers. With the rapid development of Ningxia mutton sheep industry, the feeding quantity and the mutton yield of sheep are rapidly improved. The urinary calculus of fattening sheep is widely existed in the breeding of Ningxia mutton sheep, the occurrence of urinary calculus is one of important factors which troubles the healthy development of mutton sheep industry in the area, and higher morbidity is presented in some areas, such as Wuzhou wolf skin girder and other areas, which brings huge loss to the whole mutton sheep breeding industry. In addition, the occurrence of urinary calculus of the fattening ram in Ningxia areas also presents typical seasonality, and the occurrence of urinary calculus is mainly shown in cold seasons. Urolithiasis is a common nutritional metabolic disease of fattening castrated sheep and stud rams, and bladder and urethra rupture is caused by the fact that urinary tract obstruction cannot be treated timely. The urinary calculus is the occurrence of urinary calculus caused by that an animal takes in excessive ions from feed, the ions are metabolized in vivo and then discharged from a kidney, supersaturated urine is formed due to the existence of a large amount of ions, and the ions are polymerized into insoluble compounds to precipitate to form calculus and block a urinary tract under the influence of certain factors.
According to the research report related to the occurrence and treatment of sheep urinary calculus, in cold seasons, the drinking of cold water sources is greatly reduced due to the fact that livestock are in cold-keeping and cold-resisting conditioned reflex; and the livestock activity in cold seasons is low, and the low metabolic rate of the body can also reduce the demand for drinking water. In addition, compared with summer, the basic daily ration in cold seasons mainly comprises dry and coarse feeds such as straws and rice straw stalks, and the water content in the feeds is relatively low, so that the basic daily ration is an important factor for reducing the water intake of the livestock in cold seasons. The water intake of the cold-season fattening sheep in Ningxia regions is low and may be an important external factor for the occurrence of the urinary calculus of the cold-season fattening sheep, and the increase of the water intake by increasing the addition amount of the salt in the feed has important practical significance for preventing the urinary calculus of the fattening sheep in the regions. In cold seasons, the fattening sheep coarse fodder is single and relatively low in quality, so that the fattening sheep has low feed intake and low digestion utilization rate, the fattening speed is influenced, and the feeding cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the current situation of feeding the fattening sheep in the cold season in Ningxia regions, and provides the special daily ration for the fattening sheep in the cold season in Ningxia regions, which has balanced nutrition, high digestibility, good palatability and low price and can effectively prevent the incidence of urinary calculus.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons is characterized in that the special daily ration is prepared from concentrated feed and coarse feed according to the weight ratio of 3-5: 5 to 7 parts, wherein
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-74 parts of corn, 2-5 parts of soybean meal, 2-6 parts of cottonseed meal, 1.5-4 parts of corn germ meal, 2-5 parts of sesame cake, 8-12 parts of DDGS, 0.15-0.45 part of corn bran, 0.3-1.0 part of rumen bypass fat, 0.14-0.3 part of potassium bicarbonate, 0.8-1.0 part of calcium bicarbonate, 1.2-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.3-0.6 part of baking soda, 2-5 parts of salt, 0.01-0.1 part of ruminant microecological preparation and 1.0-1.5 parts of mutton sheep special premix;
the raw materials of the coarse feed comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of soybean curb residues, 0-50 parts of corn straws and 0-50 parts of rice straw straws.
The microecological preparation for ruminant contains effective live bacteria mainly including lactic acid bacteria, spore bacteria and yeast.
The special premix for mutton sheep is special premix SH11 for mutton produced by Dabei agricultural group company.
The bean curd residue is fresh bean curd residue, is a byproduct generated by processing bean products by taking beans as raw materials, and has the initial moisture content of 60-80%.
The preparation method of the special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn germ meal, sesame cake, DDGS, corn bran, rumen bypass fat, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, stone powder, sodium bicarbonate, salt, a ruminant microecological preparation and a mutton sheep special premix according to a proportion, crushing the materials into fine powder of 1.0-2.0 mm, mixing and stirring the fine powder uniformly;
(2) crushing corn stalks and rice straw stalks;
(3) weighing the bean curd residue, the corn stalks in the step (2) and the crushed rice straw in proportion, mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) the concentrated feed in the step (1) and the coarse feed in the step (3) are mixed according to the ratio of 3-5: 5-7, and uniformly stirring.
The special daily ration is researched and developed aiming at the feeding situation of the fattening sheep in the cold season in the Ningxia region, and the fresh bean curd residues are used for feeding the mutton sheep, and a certain amount of salt and cationic salt are added, so that the special daily ration for the fattening sheep in the Ningxia region in the cold season, which is balanced in nutrition, high in digestibility, good in palatability, low in price and capable of effectively preventing the incidence of urinary calculus, is provided for the fattening sheep in the Ningxia region in the cold season.
The bean curd residue added in the invention is a byproduct generated by processing bean products by taking beans as raw materials, and has the nutritional characteristics of high fiber, high protein, low fat, low reducing sugar, high potassium, low sodium, high calcium and magnesium content and high nutritional value. Studies have reported that the insoluble dietary fiber content in the tofu lees (dry matter) is 36.29%, 9.62% crude fiber, 17.84% protein, 5.90% crude fat, 2.57% reducing sugar, 37.40% total sugar, 3.85% ash, 0.22% flavone. The contents of mineral elements in the bean curd residue are respectively 9.36mg/g of potassium, 4.19mg/g of calcium, 0.96mg/g of sodium, 2.57mg/g of magnesium, 0.026mg/g of zinc, 0.11mg/g of iron, 0.0067mg/g of copper, 0.0018mg/g of chromium, 0.019mg/g of manganese and the like. The water content of fresh bean dregs is about 85%, the protein is 3.0%, the fat is 0.5%, and the carbohydrate (cellulose, polysaccharide, etc.) is 8.0%. The amino acids in the bean curd residue are complete, 9 essential amino acids in 17 amino acids are available, wherein lysine and methionine are restrictive amino acids of ruminants, and the bean curd residue is good protein feed for ruminants. According to different production raw materials and processing technologies, the content of the crude protein in the rumen degradable by the soybean curb residue reaches more than 70%.
The main chemical component of the salt added in the invention, namely sodium chloride (NaCl), accounts for 99 percent of the content of the salt, and is an essential important substance in the life of animals. A large number of research reports that the animal craving is increased by increasing the proportion of the salt in the daily ration, so that the water drinking amount of the animal is indirectly increased, the urine is diluted to a certain extent, the formation of ionic crystal substances is reduced, and the method has certain clinical practice significance for preventing the occurrence of sheep and sheep urinary calculus. Related researches at home and abroad find that the addition amount of salt with relatively high dosage can increase the daily dry matter intake of livestock, improve the productivity level of livestock and promote the increase of the economic benefit of breeding.
The corn straws and the rice straw straws added in the invention are crushed, sprayed with water, stirred overnight and then fed, thus being beneficial to improving the mouthfeel and facilitating the ingestion of sheep.
The potassium bicarbonate and the calcium bicarbonate added in the invention belong to cationic salts, and have a certain diuretic effect.
The special daily ration for the fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons increases the diversity of coarse fodder, and has a certain prevention effect on the onset of urinary calculus of the fattening sheep.
The special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons is suitable for small-scale farms (households), the soybean curd residues do not have large-scale production bases in Ningxia regions, and the fresh soybean curd residues are not easy to store and easy to mildew and deteriorate.
The invention relates to a feeding stage of a special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons, which comprises the following steps: and in the fattening period of mutton sheep.
The feeding method comprises the following steps: the mutton sheep are directly fed with the ration mixed according to the proportion and are freely eaten.
In order to verify the technical effect of the invention, the inventor respectively carries out daily ration feeding tests in mutton sheep farms in bronze gorges, areas of interest, salt ponds, concentricity, troops and the like in Ningxia and Gansu, inner Mongolia and the like in peripheral areas.
The test steps are as follows:
the method is carried out simultaneously in bronze gorges, areas of interest, salt ponds, concentricity, troops and the like in Ningxia regions and Gansu, Nemourning and the like in peripheral regions, and 1000 male sheep were selected as a test sheep flock. In the breeding test in each region, 100-300 unequal fattening sheep are selected for the production performance feeding test, the insects are uniformly repelled, the feeding and management conditions are completely consistent, and the daily sanitation, disinfection and epidemic prevention immunity work is carried out according to a set program. The test period is 2 months, the test is carried out by feeding the feed 2 times a day, feeding the feed 1 time respectively in the morning and evening, and freely drinking water; the digestion and metabolism test group period is 15 days, wherein the pre-test period is 5 days, the formal test period is 10 days, the feed is fed for 2 times a day, the feed is fed for 1 time respectively in the morning and evening, and the water is freely drunk. Weighing before the test starts and after the test ends, counting the weight increasing condition, recording the feed intake every day during the test period, and simultaneously recording the disease condition of the test sheep urinary calculus.
And (3) test results: the average daily feed intake of the tested mutton sheep reaches 0.85 kg/sheep, the average daily gain reaches 269g/d, the average material-weight ratio is 3.15, and the average incidence rate of urinary calculus is 0.3%.
And (4) conclusion: the tests show that the special daily ration for the fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons can increase the feed intake of the fattening sheep, effectively increase the growth speed, reduce the incidence rate of urinary calculus, reduce the breeding loss and bring greater production and economic benefits for Ningxia fattening sheep industry.
In conclusion, the feed intake of the mutton sheep can be obviously increased, the growth speed of the mutton sheep is increased, the incidence rate of fattening meat urinary calculus is reduced, the breeding loss is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described by the following examples, which do not limit the present invention in any way, and any modifications or changes that can be easily made by a person having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the technical solution of the present invention will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example 1
Ration ratio (%, weight ratio):
concentrated feed: 70 parts of corn, 5 parts of bean pulp, 4.8 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of corn germ meal, 3 parts of sesame cake, 9 parts of DDGS, 0.15 part of corn bran, 0.3 part of rumen bypass fat, 0.14 part of potassium bicarbonate, 0.9 part of calcium bicarbonate, 1.4 parts of stone powder, 0.3 part of baking soda, 2 parts of salt, 0.01 part of microecological preparation for ruminants and 1 part of premix compound special for mutton sheep.
Coarse fodder: 25 parts of bean curd residues, 50 parts of corn straws and 25 parts of rice straw straws.
The fine-coarse ratio is 5: 5.
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn germ meal, sesame cake, DDGS, corn bran, rumen bypass fat, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, stone powder, sodium bicarbonate, salt, a micro-ecological product for rumination and special premix SH11 for North China agricultural mutton sheep according to a proportion, crushing the materials into fine powder of 1.0-2.0 mm, mixing and stirring uniformly;
(2) crushing corn stalks and rice straw stalks;
(3) weighing the bean curd residue, the corn stalks and the straw stalks in the step (2) according to the proportion, mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) weighing the mixed concentrated feed in the step (1) and the mixed coarse feed in the step (3) according to the proportion of the concentrated feed and the coarse feed, then mixing, and uniformly stirring.
Example 2
Ration ratio (%, weight ratio):
concentrated feed: corn 65, bean pulp 3.5, cottonseed meal 6, corn germ meal 1.5, sesame cake 3.24, DDGS 12, corn bran 0.45, rumen bypass fat 0.9, potassium bicarbonate 0.2, calcium bicarbonate 0.8, stone powder 1.5, baking soda 0.4, salt 3, a micro-ecological product for rumination 0.01, and a premix compound special for mutton sheep 1.5.
Coarse fodder: 20 parts of soybean curb residue, 40 parts of corn straw and 40 parts of rice straw.
The fine-coarse ratio is 5: 5.
the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 3
Ration ratio (%, weight ratio):
concentrated feed: corn 74, bean pulp 2, cottonseed meal 2, corn germ meal 3, sesame cake 4, DDGS 8, corn bran 0.2, rumen bypass fat 0.5, potassium bicarbonate 0.3, calcium bicarbonate 1, stone powder 1.3, baking soda 0.6, salt 2.08, micro-ecological product for rumination 0.02 and mutton sheep special premix 1.
Coarse fodder: 50 parts of soybean curb residue and 50 parts of corn straw.
The fine-coarse ratio is 3: 7.
the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 4
Ration ratio (%, weight ratio):
concentrated feed: 68 parts of corn, 4 parts of bean pulp, 3 parts of cottonseed meal, 4 parts of corn germ meal, 2 parts of sesame cake, 9.65 parts of DDGS, 0.3 part of corn bran, 0.8 part of rumen bypass fat, 0.2 part of potassium bicarbonate, 0.8 part of calcium bicarbonate, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.5 part of baking soda, 4 parts of salt, 0.05 part of microecological product for rumination and 1.2 parts of premix compound special for mutton sheep.
Coarse fodder: 50 parts of bean curd residues and 50 parts of straw stalks.
The ratio of fine powder to coarse powder is 4: 6.
the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 5
Ration ratio (%, weight ratio):
concentrated feed: 70 parts of corn, 3 parts of bean pulp, 2.5 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of corn germ meal, 5 parts of sesame cake, 8 parts of DDGS, 0.15 part of corn bran, 0.35 part of rumen bypass fat, 0.2 part of potassium bicarbonate, 1 part of calcium bicarbonate, 1.2 parts of stone powder, 0.5 part of baking soda, 5 parts of salt, 0.1 part of a micro-ecological product for rumination and 1 part of premix compound special for mutton sheep.
Coarse fodder: 60 parts of bean curd residues, 20 parts of rice straw and 20 parts of rice straw.
The ratio of fine powder to coarse powder is 4: 6.
the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 6
Ration ratio (%, weight ratio):
concentrated feed: 70 parts of corn, 3 parts of bean pulp, 3 parts of cottonseed meal, 3 parts of corn germ meal, 3 parts of sesame cake, 10 parts of DDGS, 0.2 part of corn bran, 0.5 part of rumen bypass fat, 0.2 part of potassium bicarbonate, 0.9 part of calcium bicarbonate, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 0.5 part of baking soda, 3 parts of salt, 0.1 part of a micro-ecological product for rumination and 1.3 parts of a premix special for mutton sheep.
Coarse fodder: 40 parts of soybean curb residues, 30 parts of rice straw stalks and 30 parts of rice straw stalks.
The fine-coarse ratio is 5: 5.
the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Claims (5)
1. The special daily ration for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons is characterized in that the special daily ration is prepared from concentrated feed and coarse feed according to the weight ratio of 3-5: 5 to 7 by weight ratio, wherein
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-74 parts of corn, 2-5 parts of soybean meal, 2-6 parts of cottonseed meal, 1.5-4 parts of corn germ meal, 2-5 parts of sesame cake, 8-12 parts of DDGS, 0.15-0.45 part of corn bran, 0.3-1.0 part of rumen bypass fat, 0.14-0.3 part of potassium bicarbonate, 0.8-1.0 part of calcium bicarbonate, 1.2-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.3-0.6 part of baking soda, 2-5 parts of salt, 0.01-0.1 part of ruminant microecological preparation and 1.0-1.5 parts of mutton sheep special premix;
the raw materials of the coarse feed comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of soybean curb residues, 0-50 parts of corn straws and 0-50 parts of rice straw straws.
2. The ration special for the fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in the cold season according to claim 1, wherein the ruminant microecological preparation contains effective live bacteria mainly comprising lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and yeast.
3. The daily ration special for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special premix for mutton sheep is special premix SH11 for mutton produced by Dabei agricultural group company.
4. The daily ration special for fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bean curd residues are fresh bean curd residues, and are byproducts produced by processing bean products by using beans as raw materials, and the initial moisture content is 60-80%.
5. A preparation method of the special daily ration for the fattening sheep in Ningxia regions in cold seasons according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn germ meal, sesame cake, DDGS, corn bran, rumen bypass fat, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, stone powder, sodium bicarbonate, salt, a ruminant microecological preparation and a mutton sheep special premix according to a proportion, crushing the materials into fine powder of 1.0-2.0 mm, mixing and stirring the fine powder uniformly;
(2) crushing corn stalks and rice straw stalks;
(3) weighing the bean curd residue, the corn stalks in the step (2) and the crushed rice straw in proportion, mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) the concentrated feed in the step (1) and the coarse feed in the step (3) are mixed according to the ratio of 3-5: 5-7, and uniformly stirring.
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| CN107095006A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-29 | 安徽省微科生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fattening feed fattened for high-density breeding adult sheep |
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| CN109170238B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-12-03 | 铁岭市大北农饲料有限责任公司 | Antibiotic-free concentrate supplement for mutton sheep without urinary calculus |
| CN109156627A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-08 | 宁夏杨哈吉农牧产业控股有限公司 | A kind of sheep fattening period reinforcing concentrated feed |
| CN109480102A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-19 | 北京三元禾丰牧业有限公司 | A kind of energy saving mixed ration and preparation method thereof improving sheep daily gain |
| CN109258922A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-25 | 福海县九州农业发展有限公司 | A kind of full-time grain fodder and preparation method thereof |
| CN110269133A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-09-24 | 宁夏大学 | It is a kind of to improve diet feed of polyunsaturated fatty acid and preparation method thereof and purposes in mutton sheep body |
| CN111838431A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-10-30 | 内蒙古青青草原牧业有限公司 | Feed capable of reducing urinary calculus proportion of fattening sheep and production method thereof |
| CN115316517A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-11-11 | 安徽科技学院 | Fully mixed feed for improving mutton sheep fattening effect |
| CN115316516A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-11-11 | 安徽科技学院 | Corn germ meal based complete mixed feed suitable for Hu sheep breeding and preparation thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101715888A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2010-06-02 | 扬州大学 | Total mixed diet granulated feed for meat sheep and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101715888A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2010-06-02 | 扬州大学 | Total mixed diet granulated feed for meat sheep and preparation method thereof |
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