JP5339724B2 - 電気化学電源設計及び部品 - Google Patents
電気化学電源設計及び部品 Download PDFInfo
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Description
一実施の形態では、多孔質コアと、当該多孔質コアを挟む2つのイオン伝導膜とを含むイオン伝導膜アセンブリが提供され、多孔質コアは、イオン伝導液を保持するようになっている。そのようなイオン伝導膜は、たとえば、30℃〜200℃、又は110℃〜200℃において動作する電気化学電源において用いることができる。
図2は、多孔質コア112を挟むイオン伝導膜111の層を有するハイブリッドイオン伝導膜アセンブリ100を示す。多くの事例において、挟まれる多孔質コアは1つで十分であると考えられるが、さらに多くの多孔質コアを用いることもできる。動作時に、多孔質コア112は、酸性水溶液のような電解液内に浸漬される。イオン伝導膜111には、たとえばナフィオン(Dupontから市販される)等を用いることができる。
2NaBH4 → 2NaH+2B+3H2 (I)
水素を得るための別の方法は、以下の化学式によって示される、水との反応による。
NaBH4+2H2O → NaBO2+4H2 (II)
反応IIは、より多くの水素を与える。電気化学電源システムでは、電気化学電源動作から水を生成することができ、排気から収集することができる。しかしながら、反応IIの生成物は水を吸収し、以下のような水和物を形成する傾向がある。
NaBO2+2H2O → NaBO2・2H2O (III)
水和物は、水素化物の完全な反応を中断する可能性がある反応妨害水和物殻を形成するであろう。この問題を回避するための実効的な方法は、120〜200℃のような高温で反応を実施することである。
Mg+2H2O → Mg(OH)2+H2+熱 (IV)
反応金属は、加熱素子882によって反応が開始された後に主な熱源を提供し、電池を高温に保持し、水和物の形成を避けることができる。その反応は、加熱素子882によって開始することができる。
以下の用語は、本特許出願の目的のために、以下に記述されるそれぞれの意味を有するであろう。
電気化学電源は燃料電池、フロー電池等である。
イオン伝導膜は、陽子又は金属イオンを伝導し、電気化学電源の1つ又は複数の反応物が透過しないようにして、電気化学電源が動作できるようにするだけの十分な選択性を有する。その例には、陽子伝導膜及びナトリウムイオン伝導膜が含まれる。
双極板上の金属コーティングは、関連する表面の大部分において導体を設けるコーティングである。
波形のピークは、燃料電池スタックの次の層(拡散層、電極アセンブリ又は熱伝導体等)に最も近い点である。
バイアは、抵抗層の厚みに関係なく、抵抗層を貫通する導電性経路である。
Claims (10)
- スタック型電気化学電源アセンブリであって、
2つ以上の電気化学電池と、
2つの電気化学電池間に位置する少なくとも1つの双極板であって、少なくとも2つの抵抗層と該抵抗層間に位置する少なくとも1つの金属層を含む双極板を含み、少なくとも1つの抵抗層が該抵抗層を貫通する導電性バイアを含み、かつ該導電性バイアと該金属層は異なる材料からなっており、該双極板の該少なくとも1つの抵抗層と該抵抗層の導電性バイアが該各電気化学電池に接触していることを特徴とするスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。 - 前記バイアは、前記抵抗層の体積の50%以下が導体であるものである請求項1に記載のスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。
- 前記金属層は多孔質であるか、又は多孔質表面を有する請求項1に記載のスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。
- 前記少なくとも一つの双極板には、熱交換流体を運ぶ内部チャネルを組み込んである請求項1に記載のスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。
- 前記少なくとも一つの双極板は、2つのバイア含有抵抗層間に挟まれた金属層を含み、前記内部チャネルは該金属層内にある請求項4に記載のスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。
- 前記少なくとも一つの双極板が波形に成形されている請求項1に記載のスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの双極板の2つの外側主面のうちの少なくとも一方は、2つの外側主面の一方又は両外側主面にわたって、凝縮水を散開させるようになっているマイクロチャネル又はピットを有する請求項6に記載のスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。
- 前記少なくとも一つの双極板の外側表面は、電気化学電源の反応物が流動するためのチャネルを設けた形状にされている請求項1に記載のスタック型電気化学電源アセンブリ。
- 2つの電気化学電池間で用いるための双極板であって、少なくとも2つの抵抗層と該抵抗層間に位置する少なくとも1つの金属層を含む双極板を含み、少なくとも1つの抵抗層が該抵抗層を貫通する導電性バイアを含み、かつ該導電性バイアと該金属層は異なる材料からなっており、該双極板の該少なくとも1つの抵抗層と該抵抗層の導電性バイアが該各電気化学電池に接触しており、
該双極板が熱交換流体を運ぶ内部チャネルを組み込まれていること、
該双極板が熱交換流体を運ぶ内部チャネルを組み込まれており、かつ該内部チャネルは金属層内にあること、
該双極板が熱交換流体を運ぶ内部チャネルを組み込まれており、かつ該内部チャネルは金属層と抵抗層との間にあること、
該双極板の2つの外側主面のうちの少なくとも一方は、2つの外側主面の一方又は両外側主面にわたって、凝縮水を散開させるマイクロチャネル若しくはピットを有すること、
該双極板が波形に形成されていること、又は
少なくとも一つの双極板の外側表面は、電気化学電源の反応物が流動するためのチャネルを設けた形状にされていること
のうちの1つ以上が当てはまることを特徴とする2つの電気化学電池間で用いるための双極板。 - 電気化学電源アセンブリであって、
2つ以上の電気化学電源電池と、
請求項9に記載の双極板と、
1つ以上の該電気化学電源電池のための、該電気化学電源のイオン伝導膜と前記双極板との間に配置される拡散層と
を含み、該拡散層は多孔質カーボンブランケットを含み、該カーボンブランケットは、少なくとも1つの主面上に、該カーボンブランケットよりも大きな導電率を有する導電性エリアのパターンを含み、該エリアは該双極板と電気的に接触するようになっている電気化学電源アセンブリ。
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PCT/US2005/016644 WO2005117174A2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-12 | Electrochemical power source designs and components |
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EP (2) | EP2442391B1 (ja) |
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CN101807702B (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
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KR20070024626A (ko) | 2007-03-02 |
KR101242045B1 (ko) | 2013-03-12 |
EP2442391A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
EP1751811A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
US20050260473A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
US8592097B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
WO2005117174A2 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
US7309540B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 |
EP1751811A4 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
CN101807702A (zh) | 2010-08-18 |
WO2005117174A3 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
CN101124691A (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
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