JP5304782B2 - 広い電位窓を有する柔粘性結晶電解質 - Google Patents
広い電位窓を有する柔粘性結晶電解質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5304782B2 JP5304782B2 JP2010506783A JP2010506783A JP5304782B2 JP 5304782 B2 JP5304782 B2 JP 5304782B2 JP 2010506783 A JP2010506783 A JP 2010506783A JP 2010506783 A JP2010506783 A JP 2010506783A JP 5304782 B2 JP5304782 B2 JP 5304782B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrolyte
- electrochemical
- libob
- electrochemical device
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 V 2 O 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010295 Li1.2Mn0.4Ni0.3Co0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910006157 Li(Mn0.5Ni0.5)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 47
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018989 CoSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWMWEVDJKLHQDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N FS(=O)(=O)S(F)(=O)=O Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)S(F)(=O)=O GWMWEVDJKLHQDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910011939 Li2.6 Co0.4 N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008452 SnFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOLCLLDHNZENJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].N#CCCC#N Chemical compound [Li].N#CCCC#N SOLCLLDHNZENJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RLDQYSHDFVSAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N RLDQYSHDFVSAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002593 electrical impedance tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005184 irreversible process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001465 mixed metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本出願は、その内容の全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる2007年5月11日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/924,387号明細書の恩典を主張するものである。
本発明は、リチウムベースの電気化学装置内の柔粘性結晶電解質に関する。
この10年間、1次及び2次(再充電可能)リチウム電池は少なからぬ数の研究開発の対象であった。その目的は、大きなエネルギー容量及び良好な電気性能を有する低コストの電池を開発することである。このことに留意して、携帯型製品、無停電電源(UPS)、ゼロエミッション及びハイブリッド電気自動車用の電池、自動車のスタート−ライト−イグニション(SLI)など、さまざまな用途に対応するため、多数の電池設計が開発された。
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現在、有機柔粘性結晶マトリックス、特に中性有機柔粘性結晶マトリックスを有する固体イオン電解質中でのリチウムビスオキサレートボレート塩(Li[C2O4]2B)(略称LiBOB)を使用すると、より広い電位窓にわたって安定した電解質界面が得られることが分かっている。
次に、本発明をより明快に理解できるように、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を例を挙げて詳細に説明する。
LiBOBでドープされたコハク酸ニトリル結晶プラスチック電解質の調製
リチウムビスオキサレートボレート(LiBOB)成分は周囲空気中の水分に敏感なため、コハク酸ニトリル結晶プラスチック電解質を独立した薄膜として調製することは実際的ではない。したがって、全ての調製及び操作は、アルゴンで満たされたグローブボックス内で実行した。LiBOBでドープされたコハク酸ニトリルを融解するまで加熱し、次いでこれを、粘性液体として、正極及び多孔質セパレータ上に広げた。
コハク酸ニトリルは、−44℃〜55℃の間、柔粘性結晶相として存在し[9]、体心結晶構造を示す。この相において、コハク酸ニトリル分子は、2つのアイソメトリック立体配座、すなわちゴーシュ及びトランス異性体として存在する[9]。LiBOBは、より高い熱安定性と、リチウムとの間で良好な固体電解質界面(SEI)を形成する能力とを特徴とする比較的に新しいリチウム電池電解質塩である[15]。しかしながら、LiBOBは有機溶媒に対するより低い溶解度を有する。
図2に、4モル%のLiBOBでドープされたコハク酸ニトリルの導電率の温度依存性を、4モル%のLiBF4でドープされたコハク酸ニトリル及び4モル%のLiTFSIでドープされたコハク酸ニトリルとの比較で示す。LiBOBでドープされたコハク酸ニトリルの室温導電率は10−4S/cmを超え、40℃では1.4×10−3S/cmに達し、リチウムセルでの実用には十分である。LiBOBでドープされたコハク酸ニトリルの導電率は、LiBF4でドープされたコハク酸ニトリルの導電率とLiTFSIでドープされたコハク酸ニトリルの導電率の間にある。2モル%LiBOBと8モル%LiTFSIの組合せは、4%LiTFSIの導電率よりもかなり大きな導電率を与え、10℃という低い温度で10−3S/cmを超える。
電気化学インピーダンス分光(EIS)分析を使用して、固体電解質のリチウム−電解質界面における界面反応が導電率に及ぼす影響を調べた。これは、電気化学インピーダンス分光測定によって得られる一般的なナイキストプロットによって表すことができる。Li/SCN−4%LiBOB/Liセルのインピーダンス応答の時間変化を開回路で72時間、監視した。Li/SCN−4%LiBOB/LiのEISスペクトルの低周波数の半円は、電解質のバルク抵抗によるものと考えられる。図3aにプロットされた応答は、24時間後に、第1の半円において小さな拡張が起こり、第2の半円の形成が観察されることを示している。第1の半円の小さな拡張は、リチウム金属と電解質の間の腐食反応によるものである可能性があり、固体電解質界面の形成によって最小化される(第2の半円)。48時間後及び72時間後に得た測定値では、インピーダンス応答が24時間後の応答に非常によく似ている。このことは、固体電解質界面(SEI)が24時間以内に形成され、その後も非常に安定であることを示している。比較のため、図3bは、Li/SCN−4%LiTFSI/Liセルのインピーダンススペクトルの変化の時間依存性に関する同様のプロットを示す。図3bから、SCN−LiTFSI系の安定性が少なくとも4日間は得られず、SCN−LiTFSI系の初期のインピーダンス増大がSCN−LiBOB系よりも大きいことが明白である。したがって、所与の電流ではSCN−LiBOB系の方が高い電力出力を与える。
図4aに示すように、SCN−4%LiBOB電解質の電気化学的安定領域を、電気化学セル中で、40℃、走査速度10mV/sのサイクリックボルタンメトリによって測定した。ステンレス鋼作用電極を、電解質を含浸させた微孔質セパレータであるセルガード(Celgard)(商標)3501のシートによって、参照電極と対電極の両方の役目を果たすリチウム金属円板から分離した。40℃では、0.36Vでのリチウムの剥離(stripping)及び−0.48Vでのリチウムの付着(deposition)の後、Li/Li+に対して6Vでも、負極及び正極電流に対する開始電圧は観察されなかった。このことは、この電解質が、層状Li1+xMn0.4Ni0.4−yCoyO2酸化物などの高電圧正極を有するリチウム2次セルで使用するのに良好な電気化学的安定性を有することを示している。比較のため、図4bに、SCN−4%LiTFSI及びSCN−4%LiBF4のサイクリックボルタンモグラムを示し、サイクリックボルタンモグラムでは不可逆的酸化に対する開始電圧が、それぞれ約4.5V及び3.9Vで観察された。これらの結果は、SCN−LiBOB系が、関連する従来技術の系よりも広い電気化学的安定領域を有することを示している。
このリチウム柔粘性結晶電解質の電気化学的性能を評価するため、4%LiBOB−コハク酸ニトリル電解質、リチウム金属負極及びLiFePO4正極を使用して試験セルを構築し、40℃でサイクリングした。図5は、Li/SCN−4%LiBOB/LiFePO4セルの第1及び第5サイクルにおける電圧の変動を、充電/放電容量に対して示した図である。これらの試験において、電圧範囲はLi/Li+に対して2.5〜3.9V、電流密度はC/12(14.2mA・g−1)であった。3.5V付近に電圧プラトーが観察された。最初のサイクルは、大きなオーム抵抗及び低い容量を示したが、サイクリングを続けると、負極と正極の間のオーム抵抗は低下した(図5)。全放電容量は、第1サイクルのわずか97mAh・g−1から、第5サイクルまでに141mAh・g−1に増大した。電位範囲2.5〜3.9V、C/12レートでのサイクリング中の容量の変化を図6に示す。サイクル性能は優れており、200サイクル後も、放電容量は126mAh・g−1と依然として非常に高い。
室温における電解質のイオン導電率を増大させるため、8モル%LiTFSIと2モル%LiBOBの混合物を使用した。SCN−2%LiBOB+8%LiTFSI固体電解質を有する炭素/LiFePO4セルと炭素/Li1.2Mn0.4Ni0.3Co0.1O2セルのサイクル性能を図11に示す。LiFePO4正極を有するセルでは、特に初期のサイクルにおいて、容量の穏やかな低下が観察されるが、20サイクル後も初期放電容量の81%超が保持される。Li1.2Mn0.4Ni0.3Co0.1O2正極を有するリチウムイオンセルでは、最初のサイクルで起こる化成反応によって、最初のサイクルにおいて放電容量が約25%低下するが、その後、非常に良好な容量保持が観察される。
Claims (18)
- リチウムビスオキサレートボレート塩でドープされた中性有機柔粘性結晶マトリックスを含む電解質であって、
前記中性有機柔粘性結晶マトリックスがコハク酸ニトリルを含み、
4.6V以上の電気化学的安定性を与える電解質。 - 前記リチウムビスオキサレートボレート塩が5モル%以下の量で存在する、請求項1に記載の電解質。
- 前記量が0.1〜5モル%である、請求項2に記載の電解質。
- 前記量が0.1〜4.5モル%である、請求項2に記載の電解質。
- 1種又は数種の他のドーパントをさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電解質。
- 前記1種又は数種の他のドーパントが1〜20モル%の量で存在する、請求項5に記載の電解質。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の固体イオン電解質と、負極と、正極とを備えた電気化学装置。
- 前記負極が、リチウム金属の2V以内の電気化学ポテンシャルを有するLi含有材料を含む、請求項7に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記負極が、リチウム金属の1.6V以内の電気化学ポテンシャルを有するLi含有材料を含む、請求項7に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記Li含有材料が、リチウム金属、リチウム合金、ハード又はソフトカーボンの層間に挿入されたリチウム、酸化物、窒化物又はリン化物の層間に挿入されたリチウム、置換によって化合物又は複合材料に挿入されたリチウム、或いはこれらの混合物を含む、請求項8又は9に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記Li含有材料が、リチウム金属、グラファイトの層間に挿入されたリチウム又はチタン酸リチウムを含む、請求項8又は9に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記正極が、Li1+x(Mn,Ni,Co)1−xO2、LiFePO4、V2O5、LiCoO2、Li(Ni,Co)O2、LiMn2O4、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、Li(Mn0.5Ni0.5)O2、Li1+x(Mn,Ni)1−xO2又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記正極が、LiFePO4又はLi1.2Mn0.4Ni0.3Co0.1O2を含む、請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
- 最大5ボルトの動作電圧を有する、請求項7〜13のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
- 0.5〜4.6ボルトの動作電圧を有する、請求項7〜13のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
- 2.5〜3.9ボルトの動作電圧を有する、請求項7〜13のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
- 電気化学セルである、請求項7〜16のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
- 電池である、請求項7〜16のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
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CA2616327C (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2014-05-13 | National Research Council Canada | Plastic crystal electrolyte in lithium-based electrochemical devices |
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WO2008081811A1 (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-10 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | プラスティッククリスタル |
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EP2156503A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
CA2686890A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
KR20100016393A (ko) | 2010-02-12 |
EP2156503B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
US20100119951A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
EP2156503A4 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
CN101682083A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
WO2008138110A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
CN101682083B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
KR101488542B1 (ko) | 2015-02-02 |
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JP2010527101A (ja) | 2010-08-05 |
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