JP5270367B2 - 樹枝状構造物中の粒子の合成 - Google Patents
樹枝状構造物中の粒子の合成 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5270367B2 JP5270367B2 JP2008546506A JP2008546506A JP5270367B2 JP 5270367 B2 JP5270367 B2 JP 5270367B2 JP 2008546506 A JP2008546506 A JP 2008546506A JP 2008546506 A JP2008546506 A JP 2008546506A JP 5270367 B2 JP5270367 B2 JP 5270367B2
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Images
Classifications
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Description
−官能化剤存在下での化学変換による合成(キャンセルら、2003;コーゲル(Korgel)ら、2003;アジシリ(Adischiri)ら、2005;ホルメス(Holmes)ら、2003;イエ(Ye)ら、2003;マクラウド(McLeod)ら、2004;シャー(Shah)ら、2004).
−逆ミセル中での合成(ホルメスら、2003;イエら、2003).
−ナノ粒子の性質:主として、金属および半導体の合成は文献中に見られる。酸化物を合成すること(共沈による)は一層難しく、窒化物を合成することは不可能である。
−粒径および粒径分布は、一般に、樹枝状構造物のコアの特性により制御される。粒径を調整するために、新しい樹枝状構造物を合成することが必要である。
−形態(morphology)は、合成されるナノ粒子の性質、樹枝状構造物の特性および用いられる反応の速度に依存する。
(i)樹枝状構造物および金属化合物前駆体を含む混合物を、混合物が流体中に溶解しないような温度および圧力条件下で流体と接触させること、および
(ii)金属化合物前駆体の化学変換、
を含む、粒子系組成物の調製方法に関する。
本明細書の文脈では、「樹枝状構造物」は、2を超える官能基を有する有機モノマー単位の重合(または共重合)により得ることができる分岐構造を有する高分子を意味する。こうした構造物の枝の末端に存在する化学官能基は、表現「末端官能基」により表される。定義により、樹枝状ポリマー上の末端官能基数は2を超える。
−Rfがポリフッ素化または全フッ素化Alk基である、式RfCOOHのポリフッ素化または全フッ素化アルカン酸、とりわけ2H,2H,3H,3H−ペルフルオロウンデカン酸;
−AlkがC2〜C20アルキル基であるアルキルカルボン酸AlkCOOH;
−テトラエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(HOH2C−CH2−(OCH2CH2)3−OCH3)、ポリエチレングリコールなどのポリオキシアルキレングリコールまたはそれらのエーテル。
「金属化合物前駆体」は、化学変換後に酸化状態n2(n1と同じであっても異なってもよい)の対応する金属元素Mn2を含む化合物となる、金属元素の性質に応じて0以上の、一般に+1〜+6の酸化状態n1の金属元素Mn1を含む金属化合物を意味する。
本発明の方法の段階(ii)において、金属化合物前駆体は、熱分解、酸化−還元反応、ゾル・ゲル反応またはソルボサーマル反応であることが可能な化学変換を行う。
本説明の文脈では、「流体」は、加圧下である温度の流体、好ましくは超臨界条件下の流体を意味する。
−有機化学における合成用、とりわけ触媒反応、例えば、2相コロイド触媒反応用に;
−表面被覆用、例えば、表面上への疎水性および/または抗菌性の堆積物の製造用に;
−金属化合物粒子が磁気特性、とりわけ超常磁性特性を有する場合、医療用画像、とりわけMRI用の造影剤として、
用いることができる。
TEM:Jeol 2000 FX
XPS:Escalab 220 IXL(バキューム・ジェネレータ(Vacuum Generator))
XRD:従来型X線粉末回折Cu−Kα放射
試薬PEI、DABは本会社により供給された。
a)樹枝状構造物の合成
この例において、用いられる樹枝状構造物は、フッ素化分子(表皮層−「COCH2CH2Rf」(Rfは−(CF2)7CF3))により改質されたハイパーブランチポリマー(コア−分子量5000g/モル(PEI5k)のポリエチレンイミン(PEI))である。
1H NMR(C6F6)δppm:2.4〜3.6(m、NCH2CH2NおよびRfCH2CH2CO).13C NMR(C6F6)δppm:27.2(RfCH2 CH2CO)29.0(RfCH2CH2CO)39(NCH2CH2NHCO)50〜55(NCH2CH2N)107〜125(CF2)173.5(CH2 CONHCH2).IR:N−H伸縮3306cm-1、C=O1653cm-1、N−H変角1559および第2級アミン1451cm-1、C−F1205、1149cm-1.
標準実験において、PEI−COCH2CH2Rf(100mg)とパラジウム前駆体であるパラジウムアセチルアセトナート(Pd(acac)2−125mg)のよく混じった混合物を作る。これらの量はPEI−COCH2CH2Rf/Pd(acac)2比(R)80に相当する。この混合物を、次に、上述の反応器中に導入し、続いて、CO2(5MPa)および水素0.4MPaを添加する。反応器を100℃に加熱し、圧力をCO2添加により15MPaまで上げ、反応混合物を1時間にわたりこれらの条件下で保持する。温度を、次に、40℃に下げ、反応混合物を続いて減圧する。減圧フェーズの間、CO2が液体領域中に入ってしまうことを防ぐために温度を40℃に保持する。減圧後、温度を周囲温度に戻す。この手順は、実験の終わりに、きれいで乾燥した黒色粉末が回収されることを可能とする。
PEI−COCH2CH2Rf(100mg)と銀前駆体である酢酸銀(Ag(ac)−67mg)のよく混じった混合物、およびパラジウムナノ粒子合成について記載した実験プロトコルから出発して、平均粒径23nmを有する十分に結晶化した銀ナノ粒子を得た(図3)。
この例において、用いられる樹枝状構造物は、第4世代デンドリマー(コア−フッ素化分子により改質された分子量3500g/モルのDAB、および表皮層−「COCH2CH2Rf」(Rfは−(CF2)7CF3))である。コアを改質するための実験プロトコルは例1に記載したものと同じである。「第1級アミン」基の98%が変換された。この樹枝状構造物(DAB−COCH2CH2Rf)の分析結果は以下の通りである。
1H NMR(C6F6)δppm:2.4〜3.6(m、NCH2CH2NおよびRfCH2CH2CO).13C NMR(C6F6)δppm:27.2(RfCH2 CH2CO)29.0(RfCH2CH2CO)39(NCH2CH2NHCO)50〜55(NCH2CH2N)107〜125(CF2)171.7(CH2 CONHCH2).IR:N−H伸縮3303cm-1、C=O1650cm-1、N−H変角1563、C−F1204、1149、1112cm-1.
この例において、用いられる樹枝状構造物は、疎水性分子(表皮層−「COC15H31」)により改質されたハイパーブランチポリマー(コア−分子量5000g/モルのポリエチレンイミン(PEI))である。コアを改質するための実験プロトコルは、フッ素化分子によるPEI改質について記載したものと同じである。「第1級アミン」基の98%が変換された。この樹枝状構造物(PEI−COC15H31)の分析結果は以下の通りである。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δppm:0.83(t、3H、CH3)、1.22(m、24H、CH2)1.57(m、2H、COCH2 CH 2)2.11(m、2H、COCH 2CH2)2.4〜2.8(m、NCH2CH2N)3.22(m、CONCH 2CH2N)3.6(m、NH).13C NMR(CDCl3)δppm:14.3(CH3)、22.9、29.6、29.9および32.1(CH2)、26.2(COCH2 CH 2)36.7(COCH 2CH2)33.4(CONCH 2CH2N)37.7(CONCH2 CH 2N)47.4、49.0、51.5、52.8および53.7(NCH2CH2N)174.0(CH2 CONHCH2).IR:1645cm-1.
この例において、用いられる樹枝状構造物は、親水性分子(表皮層−「CO−CH2−(OCH2CH2)3−OCH3」)により改質されたハイパーブランチポリマー(コア−分子量5000g/モルのポリエチレンイミン(PEI))である。コアを改質するための実験プロトコルはこれまでのプロトコルとは異なる。テトラエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(2.08g、0.01モル)、水酸化カリウム(1.12g、0.02モル)および過マンガン酸カリウム(3.16g、0.02モル)を、周囲温度で12時間にわたり水100ml中で攪拌する。得られる褐色の沈殿物を濾過し、次に、数回水で洗浄する。水溶液の体積を50mlに減らした後、生成物をジクロロメタンで抽出する。有機溶液をNa2SO4上で乾燥し、次に、濾過する。溶媒を蒸発させ、3,6,9−トリオキサドデカン酸を得る(1.4g、収率63%)。THF(25mL)中に溶解したこのオイル(1.22g、5.5ミリモル)を、緩やかにカルボニルジイミダゾール(842mg、5.2ミリモル)の溶液に添加する。反応混合物を、CO2を除去するためにアルゴン流下、周囲温度で1時間にわたり攪拌する。次に、混合物を、ハイパーブランチポリマー(PEI5k、745mg、末端「アミノ」基5.2ミリモル)の入ったビーカーに移す。反応混合物を一夜にわたり40℃で加熱し、溶媒を蒸発させ、生成物を水中透析により精製する(1.4g、収率80%)。「第1級アミン」基の98%が変換した。この樹枝状構造物(PEI−COCH2(OCH2CH2)3OCH3)の分析結果は以下の通りである。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δppm:2.4〜2.8(m、NCH2CH2N)3.33(s、3H、OCH3)、3.6(m、12H、OCH2CH2O)3.94(m、2H、COCH 2O).13C NMR(CDCl3)δppm:59.2(CH3)、70〜72(OCH2CH2O)、70(COCH 2O)37(CONCH 2CH2N)39.7(CONCH2 CH 2N)47、49、52および54(NCH2CH2N)170.3(OCH2 CONHCH2).
ウイルソン(Wilson)O.M.,クルックス(Crooks)R.M.,Synthesis,Characterization,and Applications of Dendrimer−Encapsulated Nanoparticles,Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2005,109(2),692〜704.
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キャンセル(Cansell)F.,アイモニアー(Aymonier)C.,ロッピネット−セラニ(Loppinet−Serani)A.,Review on Materials Science and Supercritical Fluids,Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science,2003,7,331〜340.
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Claims (15)
- (i)樹枝状構造物および金属の前駆体を含む混合物を、その混合物が超臨界状態の流体中に溶解しないような温度および圧力条件下でその流体と接触させること、および
(ii)前記金属の前駆体の還元反応である化学変換、
を含む、粒子系組成物の調製方法。 - 前記方法が、得られた前記粒子系組成物の回収を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記樹枝状構造物がハイパーブランチポリマーまたはデンドリマーである、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記樹枝状構造物が、ポリ(アミドアミン)(PAMAM)、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)、ポリ(プロピレンイミン)(PPI)、またはポリプロピレンイミン・ドトリアコンタアミン・デンドリマー(DAB)から選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記樹枝状構造物が親水性または疎水性の分子により改質されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記親水性または疎水性の分子が、
−Rfが直鎖または分岐鎖のポリフッ素化または全フッ素化アルキル基を表す、RfCOOH、
−Alkが直鎖または分岐鎖のC2〜C20アルキル基を示す、Alk−COOH、
−ポリオキシアルキレングリコールまたはそれらのエーテル、
から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記前駆体がパラジウムまたは銀の化合物である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記流体がCO2を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記圧力が10〜30MPaである、請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記温度が80℃〜250℃である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前駆体/樹枝状構造物のモル比率が10〜200である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記還元反応が水素の存在下で行われる、請求項1〜11のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1つに定義される方法により得られる粒子系組成物。
- 粒子の平均径が1nm〜1μmである、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 有機合成触媒反応用の、表面被覆用の、または医用画像用造影剤としての、請求項13または14に記載の粒子系組成物の使用。
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PCT/FR2006/002691 WO2007080253A2 (fr) | 2005-12-23 | 2006-12-08 | Synthese de particules dans des structures dendritiques |
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US (1) | US7932311B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1971454B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5270367B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE498468T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602006020185D1 (ja) |
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MX2012013521A (es) | 2010-05-24 | 2013-04-08 | Siluria Technologies Inc | Catalizadores de nanoalambre, su preparacion y uso de los mismos. |
JP5410466B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-01 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ステンレス鋼フラックス入りワイヤ |
CN103764276B (zh) | 2011-05-24 | 2017-11-07 | 希路瑞亚技术公司 | 用于甲烷氧化偶合的催化剂 |
CN104039451B (zh) | 2011-11-29 | 2018-11-30 | 希路瑞亚技术公司 | 纳米线催化剂及其应用和制备方法 |
US9446397B2 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2016-09-20 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Method for isolation of nanomaterials |
BR112014019004A8 (pt) | 2012-02-14 | 2017-07-11 | Nippon Kodoshi Corp | Material catalítico, e, método para prover o material catalítico |
JP5860301B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-16 | 2016-02-16 | 住友化学株式会社 | ナノマテリアル組成物及びこれを用いたナノマテリアル含有層の形成方法 |
JP5780999B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-05 | 2015-09-16 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | 窒化ガリウム(iii)のナノ粒子の製造方法、及び酸化ガリウム(iii)のナノ粒子の製造方法 |
WO2013177461A2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-11-28 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Catalytic forms and formulations |
RU2506998C1 (ru) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-02-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тверской государственный технический университет" | Способ получения каталитически активных магниторазделяемых наночастиц |
JP6078875B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-09 | 2017-02-15 | 国立大学法人島根大学 | 水溶性超常磁性ナノ粒子 |
US20140274671A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Catalysts for petrochemical catalysis |
WO2015168601A2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Heterogeneous catalysts |
PL3194070T3 (pl) | 2014-09-17 | 2021-06-14 | Lummus Technology Llc | Katalizatory do utleniającego sprzęgania metanu i utleniającego odwodornienia etanu |
US9623081B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2017-04-18 | Ntercept, Llc | Compositions and methods for inhibiting the biological activity of soluble biomolecules |
US10653790B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2020-05-19 | Nanotics, Llc | Compositions and methods related to scavenger particles |
WO2017176762A1 (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | Nanotics, Llc | Particles comprising subparticles or nucleic acid scaffolds |
EP3565604A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 | 2020-09-09 | Nanotics, LLC | ELIMINATING PARTICLE ASSEMBLY PROCESSES |
CN108971516B (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2022-05-03 | 湖北大学 | 一种铂纳米颗粒及其制备方法 |
CN111592656B (zh) * | 2020-05-26 | 2022-11-08 | 上海大学 | 烷氧醚树枝化超支化聚合物、其制备方法及应用 |
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JP4233117B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-13 | 2009-03-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 樹枝状ポリマーのナノコンポジット |
JP2001191025A (ja) * | 1999-11-04 | 2001-07-17 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 高分子−微粒子複合体の製造方法 |
WO2005054120A2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2005-06-16 | Idaho Research Foundation, Inc. | Polymer-supported metal nanoparticles and method for their manufacture and use |
EA012114B1 (ru) * | 2005-01-24 | 2009-08-28 | Синвеншен Аг | Способ получения металлсодержащего композиционного материала и полученный материал |
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DE602006020185D1 (de) | 2011-03-31 |
US20090093597A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
JP2009523180A (ja) | 2009-06-18 |
EP1971454A2 (fr) | 2008-09-24 |
US7932311B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
EP1971454B1 (fr) | 2011-02-16 |
ATE498468T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
FR2895289B1 (fr) | 2009-08-21 |
FR2895289A1 (fr) | 2007-06-29 |
WO2007080253A2 (fr) | 2007-07-19 |
WO2007080253A3 (fr) | 2007-12-13 |
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