JP5264069B2 - 燃料噴射・混合装置およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
燃料噴射・混合装置およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5264069B2 JP5264069B2 JP2006337746A JP2006337746A JP5264069B2 JP 5264069 B2 JP5264069 B2 JP 5264069B2 JP 2006337746 A JP2006337746 A JP 2006337746A JP 2006337746 A JP2006337746 A JP 2006337746A JP 5264069 B2 JP5264069 B2 JP 5264069B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 391
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
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- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
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- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
- B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
- B01F25/4522—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through porous bodies, e.g. flat plates, blocks or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
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- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02M29/04—Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture having screens, gratings, baffles or the like
- F02M29/06—Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture having screens, gratings, baffles or the like generating whirling motion of mixture
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/43195—Wires or coils
- B01F25/431951—Spirally-shaped baffle
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- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/431971—Mounted on the wall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/431974—Support members, e.g. tubular collars, with projecting baffles fitted inside the mixing tube or adjacent to the inner wall
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
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- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
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Description
15… 燃料流路
16… 燃料分配装置
17… ら旋状通路
19… カートリッジ・ヒータ
20… 混合室
21… 熱電対
25… 膨張室
30… ミキサー
31… 噴射器本体
41… ロブ
80… 多孔部材
Claims (29)
- a) 燃料入口と燃料出口とを有し、前記燃料入口と前記燃料出口との間に燃料流路を形成した噴射器本体と、
ここで、前記燃料流路が、
i) 前記噴射器本体の前記燃料入口に近接して配置される入口端部を有するら旋状通路と、
ii) 前記ら旋状通路よりも下流側にあって前記ら線状通路と流体連通している膨張室と、
iii) 前記膨張室と流体連通し、燃料を分配する燃料分配装置と、
を備え、
b) 前記噴射器本体の長軸に沿って延び、前記ら旋状通路に囲まれた細長い加熱手段であって、前記噴射器本体と熱連通し、前記燃料流路を流動する燃料を加熱するため予め決められた温度に前記噴射器本体を維持するように適応され、かつ、構成される細長い加熱手段と、
を備える燃料改質器の燃料噴射装置。 - 前記燃料流路が、さらに前記ら旋状通路と前記燃料入口との間に配置され、両者の間を流体連通する環状空間を備える請求項1に記載の燃料噴射装置。
- 前記加熱手段が、前記噴射器本体の部分と熱連通し、前記噴射器本体の温度を検出するように適応され、かつ、構成される熱電対を備える請求項1に記載の燃料噴射装置。
- 前記加熱手段が、さらに前記噴射器本体を加熱するように適応され、かつ、構成されるカートリッジ・ヒータを備える請求項1に記載の燃料噴射装置。
- 前記加熱手段が、さらに、
a) 電源と、
b) 前記熱電対、前記カートリッジ・ヒータおよび前記電源と導通する温度コントローラと
を備え、前記温度コントローラが、前記熱電対から与えられる前記噴射器本体の温度を表わす信号に応じて前記電源から前記カートリッジ・ヒータに電力を供給するように適応され、かつ、構成される請求項4に記載の燃料噴射装置。 - 前記燃料流路の少なくとも一部分が、炭素堆積物の堆積に耐えるコーティング材で被覆される請求項1に記載の燃料噴射装置。
- 前記コーティング材が、ポリマー材料、セラミック材料、拡散アルミナイド材および溶融石英材からなる群から選択される請求項6に記載の燃料噴射装置。
- a) i) 燃料入口と燃料出口とを有し、前記燃料入口と前記燃料出口との間に燃料流路を形成する噴射器本体と、
ここで、前記燃料流路が、
(1) 前記噴射器本体の前記燃料入口に近接して配置される入口端部を有するら旋状通路と、
(2) 前記ら旋状通路よりも下流側にあって少なくとも1個の供給路によって前記ら線状通路と流体連通している膨張室と、
(3) 前記膨張室と流体連通し、燃料を分配する燃料分配装置と、
を備えており、
ii) 前記噴射器本体の長軸に沿って延び、前記ら旋状通路に囲まれた細長い加熱手段であって、前記噴射器本体と熱連通し、前記燃料流路を流動する燃料を加熱するため予め決められた温度に前記噴射器本体を維持するように適応され、かつ、構成される細長い加熱手段と、
iii) 第2の流体を噴射する、少なくとも1つの噴射器と
を有する噴射器ハウジングと、
b) 前記噴射器ハウジングの出口と流体連通し、燃料気化混合気を供給するため前記燃料分配装置から流れる燃料を霧化し、微細な燃料液滴を第2の流体と混合する混合室と、
c) 前記混合室に構成され、かつ、配置され、燃料気化混合気を安定させ、混合するミキサーと、
を備える燃料改質器の燃料噴射・混合装置。 - 燃料気化混合気を形成するため前記混合室への流体の流量を調節する制御装置を備える請求項8に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 燃料噴射・混合装置への流体の流量を調節するように適応され、かつ、構成される複数の調節弁を備え、前記制御装置が前記複数の調節弁に接続される弁コントローラを有し、前記弁コントローラが前記調節弁を操作して前記燃料噴射・混合装置への流体の流量を調節するように適応され、かつ、構成される請求項9に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記加熱手段が、
a) 前記噴射器本体に配置され、前記噴射器本体の温度を検出するように適応され、かつ、構成される熱電対と、
b) 前記噴射器本体に配置され、前記燃料流路を流動する燃料を加熱するように適応され、かつ、構成されるヒータと、
c) 電源と、
d) 前記熱電対、前記ヒータおよび前記電源と導通している温度コントローラと
を備え、前記温度コントローラが前記熱電対から与えられる前記噴射器本体の温度を表わす信号に応じて前記電源から前記ヒータへの電力を供給するように適応され、かつ、構成される請求項10に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。 - 前記制御装置が、前記燃料噴射・混合装置を制御する命令を含む、コンピュータで読み取り可能なプログラムを備え、前記コンピュータ・プログラムが、
a) 予め決められた温度に前記噴射器本体の温度を維持するように前記温度コントローラを操作する手段と、
b) 前記混合室の内部で燃料混合気を形成するため前記燃料噴射・混合装置への流体の流量を調節する前記弁コントローラを操作する手段と、
を備える請求項11に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。 - a) 霧化液体燃料を発する燃料分配装置と、燃料混合気を生成する、少なくとも1個の流体噴射器とを有する噴射器ハウジングであって、前記流体噴射器本体の長軸に沿って延び、ら旋状通路に囲まれ、前記噴射器本体と熱連通し、前記燃料分配装置の前記燃料流路を流動する燃料を加熱するため予め決められた温度に前記噴射器本体を維持するように適応され、かつ、構成される細長い加熱手段を有する噴射機ハウジングと、
b) 前記噴射器ハウジングに取り付けられ、燃料混合気を供給するため前記流体噴射器から流出する燃料と少なくとも1つの他の流体との混合を促進するように適応され、かつ、構成され、ミキサーを有する混合室と、
を備え、前記ミキサーが軸方向に先細・末広に連なる波状の面を有する内壁を備える燃料改質器の燃料噴射・混合装置。 - 前記ミキサーの前記内壁が、流体の流動方向に波状断面として変化する、円形の断面を有する請求項13に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーの前記内壁の波状断面が、複数のロブを有する請求項14に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーの前記内壁の波状断面が、相互連結される3個ないしそれ以上のロブを有する請求項15に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーが波状断面を有する下流端を形成しており、前記下流端が前記ミキサーの前記内壁に集まる流体の液滴を前記混合室の内壁に向けるように傾けられる請求項13に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記混合室に配置され、均一な燃料混合気を生成する、少なくとも1枚の多孔部材を備える請求項13に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記少なくとも1枚の多孔部材の総多孔率が、70%よりも小さい請求項18に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記燃料噴射・混合装置が蒸気改質器、触媒部分酸化改質器、自己熱改質器からなる群から選択される燃料改質器に燃料を供給するように適応され、かつ、構成される請求項13に記載の燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 燃料を改質するために燃料気化混合気を供給する方法であって、
a) 燃料を噴射器本体の燃料入口と燃料出口の間にある予め決められた燃料流路に沿って前記噴射器本体に向け、ここで、前記燃料流路が、前記噴射器本体の前記燃料入口に近接して配置される入口端部を有するら旋状通路を備え、
b) 前記噴射器本体の長軸に沿って延び、ら旋状通路に囲まれ、前記噴射器本体と熱連通し、前記燃料分配装置の前記燃料流路を流動する燃料を加熱するため予め決められた温度に前記噴射器本体を維持するように適応され、かつ、構成される細長い加熱手段を使って前記燃料流路を流動する前記燃料を同時に加熱・加圧し、
c) 霧化を促すように前記加熱・加圧された燃料を膨張させ、
d) 前記膨張した燃料を霧化し、
e) 前記燃料を燃料分配装置によって方向づける
ステップを含む方法。 - 前記燃料を前記燃料分配装置から混合室に方向づけるステップを含む請求項21に記載の方法。
- 燃料混合気を形成するため一定量の第2の流体を前記混合室に導入するステップを含む請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料混合気を改善するため一定量の第3の流体を前記混合室に導入するステップを含む請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第3の流体が燃料電池の陽極から再循環される陽極ガスである請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が前記噴射器本体に熱を供給して加熱される請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記噴射器本体を予め決められた温度に維持するステップを含む請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記予め決められた温度が、前記燃料流路の少なくともある部分によって二相の燃料流を確立するのに十分である請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記予め決められた温度が、前記燃料流路の少なくともある部分によって前記燃料全量を気化し、かつ、ガス流を確立するのに十分である請求項27に記載の方法。
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