JP5259047B2 - 向流ガス/液体接触処理方法 - Google Patents
向流ガス/液体接触処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000002913 Trifolium pratense Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010710 diesel engine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethyl maleate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/002—Apparatus for fixed bed hydrotreatment processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/44—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
- C10G45/46—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
- B01J2208/00663—Concentration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00725—Mathematical modelling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
- B01J2208/023—Details
- B01J2208/024—Particulate material
- B01J2208/025—Two or more types of catalyst
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
(触媒層の)空間率=[(触媒層の体積−触媒の体積)/触媒層の体積]
であり、式中、
触媒の体積=触媒の質量/成形された形状にある触媒の、水銀置換法(通常の方法)により測定した密度
である。
(1)向流反応器の下側部分に、通常の粒子径を有する触媒の低空間率層を装填し、触媒層の空間率は0.25〜0.55、好ましくは0.30〜0.50であり、気体材料の流れ方向で増加し、
(2)向流反応器の上側部分(すなわち液体原料の入口から、液体原料の流れ方向に沿って、通常の粒子径を有する触媒の低空間率層の前端部まで)に、高空間率触媒層を装填する。反応器の上側部分では、触媒空間率は、典型的には0.35〜0.90、好ましくは0.45〜0.80であり、液体原料の流れ方向で減少する。
これらの例は、ディーゼル油の向流水素化処理に関し、安定した運転が維持される最大水素/油体積比を例示する。
これらの例で使用する触媒および原料は、それぞれ表4および表5に示す特性を有する。水素化処理反応は、圧力6.0MPa、温度360℃、毎時空間速度1.5h−1を包含する反応条件下で連続様式で行った。低活性触媒層をV1で、高活性触媒層をV2で表す。これらの触媒は、表に示す体積比で使用した。例12〜17および比較例2〜3の結果をそれぞれ表6および表7にまとめて示す。
ジアルキルマレエートを、樹脂触媒上の向流製法により、モノアルキルマレエートおよびメタノールから、温度120℃、圧力0.5MPa、メタノールとモノアルキルマレエートのモル比5:1、および液体滞留時間3時間を包含する反応条件下で合成した。触媒は、中国公開92101543.7の実施例1に記載されている方法で処理した、様々な粒子径のスチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体の微小球であった。様々な粒子径を有する触媒層は、表8に示す空間率を有する。上から下に、触媒床は、触媒S−1、S−2およびS−3を体積比2:1:1で包含している。モノアルキルマレエートの転化率は89%であった。
触媒床が、上から下に向けて、触媒S−2およびS−3を2:1の体積比で包含することを除いて、例18を繰り返した。モノアルキルマレエートの転化率は88%であった。
触媒床が触媒S−2だけを包含することを除いて、例18を繰り返した。モノアルキルマレエートの転化率は84%であった。
Claims (19)
- 液体材料および気体反応物を反応器中の触媒固定床を通して向流で通過させることを含んでなる気−液向流処理を行う方法であって、前記触媒固定床が、2個以上の触媒層を包含し、隣接する前記触媒層間の空間率の差が少なくとも0.05であり、
前記気−液向流処理において、気相の体積が増加する場合に、隣接する前記触媒層の空間率が液相の流れ方向で減少するものであり、且つ気相の体積が減少する場合に、隣接する前記触媒層の空間率が液相の流れ方向で増加するものである、方法。 - 前記触媒固定床が2〜10個の触媒層を包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 隣接する前記触媒層間の空間率の差が0.05〜0.65である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 隣接する前記触媒層間の前記空間率の差が0.10〜0.40である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記空間率が低い方の触媒層の空間率が0.25〜0.55であり、前記空間率が高い方の触媒層の空間率が0.35〜0.90である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記空間率の低い方の触媒層の空間率が0.30〜0.50であり、前記空間率が高い方の触媒層の空間率が0.45〜0.80である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記空間率の低い方の触媒層が、球、円筒、三つ葉または四つ葉の形態にある触媒からなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記空間率の高い方の触媒層が、リング、車輪、穴の開いた球もしくは円筒、粒子径が大きい三つ葉もしくは四つ葉、の形態にある触媒からなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記空間率の高い方の触媒層が単一の粒子径または形状の触媒からなるか、または、低空隙部分を有する触媒と、高空隙部分を有する触媒および/またはその触媒とともに混合され装填される高空隙部分を有する充填材とからなる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒が不規則な様式で装填される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記液体材料がディーゼル油留出物であり、前記気体反応物が水素であり、前記反応器中の前記触媒固定床が水素化処理触媒からなり、前記触媒固定床中の前記触媒層の空間率が前記液相の流れ方向で減少する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒固定床が、前記反応器の下側部分に設けられた低空間率触媒層、および上側部分に設けられた高空間率触媒層である2個の触媒層を包含し、前記低空間率触媒層が前記触媒固定床の総体積の20〜90%を構成する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記低空間率触媒層が前記触媒固定床の総体積の30〜80%を構成する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記低空間率触媒層が、元素の周期律表第VIB族金属および第VIII族金属を還元された状態で含んでなる触媒、貴金属を含んでなる触媒、Mo−Ni−Wの窒化物または硫化物を含んでなる触媒、および、第VIB族卑金属および第VIII族金属の硫化物を含んでなり反応中に硫黄の損失を示さない触媒、からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種以上の触媒からなり、
前記高空間率触媒層が、元素の周期律表第VIB族金属および第VIII族金属を硫化された形態で含んでなる水素化精製触媒からなる、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記貴金属がPtおよび/またはPdであり、前記第VIB族金属がMoおよび/またはWであり、前記第VIII族金属がCoおよび/またはNiであり、前記触媒の担体が多孔質耐火性無機酸化物であり、前記貴金属の含有量が0.05〜5重量%であり、前記卑金属の含有量が酸化物として計算して10〜40重量%である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記反応器中において、反応温度240〜427℃、反応圧1.0〜20.0MPa、水素/油体積比50〜1,000、および液体体積毎時空間速度0.1〜7.5h−1の反応条件下で反応が進行する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記液体材料がモノアルキルマレエートであり、前記気体反応物がC1〜C4のアルカノールであり、前記触媒固定床がエステル化触媒からなり、前記触媒固定床中の前記触媒層の空間率が前記液相の流れ方向で増加する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エステル化触媒が酸性陽イオン交換樹脂触媒である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒固定床が3個の触媒層を包含する、請求項17に記載の方法。
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CN 02133121 CN1277906C (zh) | 2002-10-10 | 2002-10-10 | 一种柴油加氢处理方法 |
CN 02133140 CN1212181C (zh) | 2002-10-10 | 2002-10-10 | 一种气液逆流加工处理方法 |
CN02133121.9 | 2002-10-10 | ||
PCT/CN2003/000854 WO2004033085A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2003-10-10 | A method for a process of a countercurrent gas/liquid contact |
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CN105396514B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-04-17 | 易高环保能源研究院有限公司 | 甲醇制汽油装置及方法 |
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