JP5247962B2 - 金属キレートインクを用いる薄膜導体の直接印刷 - Google Patents
金属キレートインクを用いる薄膜導体の直接印刷 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5247962B2 JP5247962B2 JP2001553593A JP2001553593A JP5247962B2 JP 5247962 B2 JP5247962 B2 JP 5247962B2 JP 2001553593 A JP2001553593 A JP 2001553593A JP 2001553593 A JP2001553593 A JP 2001553593A JP 5247962 B2 JP5247962 B2 JP 5247962B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- ink
- substrate
- printing
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 title description 43
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 238000010017 direct printing Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 17
- GCSJLQSCSDMKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C=C GCSJLQSCSDMKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 16
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- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-QGTKBVGQSA-N (1z,5z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene Chemical compound C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-QGTKBVGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017944 Ag—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017489 Cu I Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical class [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002528 Cu-Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004639 Schlenk technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013082 photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
- B41M5/0047—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper by ink-jet printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
- B41M5/0064—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper on plastics, horn, rubber, or other organic polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
- B41M5/007—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper on glass, ceramic, tiles, concrete, stones, etc.
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/06—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/105—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by conversion of non-conductive material on or in the support into conductive material, e.g. by using an energy beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/006—Patterns of chemical products used for a specific purpose, e.g. pesticides, perfumes, adhesive patterns; use of microencapsulated material; Printing on smoking articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
- B41M7/009—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using thermal means, e.g. infrared radiation, heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/14—Decomposition by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, particle radiation or by mixed irradiation sources
- C23C18/143—Radiation by light, e.g. photolysis or pyrolysis
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Description
本発明は導電体に関する。詳細には、金属キレートインクを基板上に直接印刷することによってその基板上に薄膜金属導体を形成し、そしてそのインクを分解する方法に関する。
金属薄膜は、光電半導体に対する粒子ベースの接触を含む半導体装置製造における相互接続から、ガラスモノリスの光学的な製造および分離技術におけるガス透過性膜までの範囲の広範種々の適用を有する。結果として、従来方法は方法設計の最適化ならびにとくに薄膜前駆体材料として使用するための新規な無機化合物、金属有機(metal-organic)化合物および有機金属(organometallic)化合物の合成に目が向けられている。最適化としては、好ましくは適用可能な伝導性の高純度膜の提供を含むが、一方、費用を下げるために従来の製造工程の削除も含む。また、スクリーン印刷および真空適用において使用される露光工程およびマスク調製工程を削除することが望ましい。その両方は、コンフォーマル(conformal)ではない。詳細には、低温蒸着(例えば、インクジェット印刷、スクリーン印刷および他の直接書き込み(direct write)アプローチ)に適するインクが、高価な真空適用システムの使用を削除するために望ましい。低温蒸着はまた、半導体の形成、光電半導体に対する粒子ベースの接続、およびコンフォーマル基板(例えば、フレキシブル回路板)上へのスプレー印刷において望ましい。なぜなら、高温燒結は、基底層と関連する温度制限のために実施できないからである。例えば、ZnO伝導層(CuInSe2(「CIS」)太陽電池における最上層のような)上に接触するNiの熱処理は、基礎をなす太陽電池装置の熱不安定性のために、約200℃で2分間に制限される。Ni粉末の1,2−プロパンジオールスラリーが伝導ZnO膜上に蒸着され、そして、200℃で2分間空気中でアニールされる場合、生じるNi接触は構造上もろくなり、そして電導性ではないことが見出された。さらに、集積回路における改善された性能に対する要求は、大きさの減少したチップ上に多数の半導体装置の集積化を導く。これは、装置の形状を縮小させることによって達成されるが、相互接続層の数を増加させている。結果として、その構造は、各々の連続的な装置産出にははるかに厳しくなる。さらに、金属線幅が小さくなる場合、装置速度は、相互接続性能によって制限されることが予期される。
前述を考慮すると、超小型電子技術、太陽変換技術などにおいて有用であり、そして優れた相互粒子構造接続性および電気伝導によって特徴付けられる薄膜伝導体を形成する直接書き込み方法における金属キレートの使用のための方法を提供することが本発明の目的である。
本発明は、金属導体を形成するための単純な2工程の印刷方法および分解方法を提供し、分解は、金属ナノ粒子を含むか、または含まない金属キレート前駆体インクを、低温で導体に固化する。
以下の実施例では、有機金属銀インクを直接書き込み法で用いる具体例を示す。Ag(hfa)(L)錯体(ここで、L=SEt2または1,5=シクロオクタジエン(COD))由来の有機金属インクを使用し、ガラス基板およびSi基板上にスプレー印刷法によりAg膜を蒸着した。インクは、トルエン(2.3g)にAg(hfa)(SEt2)(2.0g)を溶解し、得られた溶液をシリンジフィルターを通過させて調製した。前記インクは、手持ち式スプレー(Paashe Type BL Airbrush)を用い、チッ素を充填したグローブボックス(globe box)内で、加熱した基板へ数層にスプレーした。図1に275℃〜400℃でガラス基板およびSi基板にスプレーしたAg膜のSEM画像を示す。この図において、膜は平坦かつ高密度であり、厚さは0.8〜1.5μmの範囲であった(Dektak3 側面計)。表面抵抗の測定を4点プローブにより行ったところ、両方の膜の抵抗性は約2Ω・cmであり、気化した銀と同程度であった。Ag(hfa)(COD)インクをスプレー印刷したAg膜の深さの関数としてのXPSデータは、表面には実質的な量のC、OおよびFが存在しているが、これらのレベルは上部30オングストローム以内で急激に減少することを示している。50オングストロームではOおよびFは検出されず、深さ100オングストロームと300オングストロームとのあいだのオングストロームでは、Cの濃度は2〜1原子%に減少する。このように、厚さ約1μmで、抵抗性が良好である平坦なAg膜は、有機金属インクを用いる低温常圧の1つの工程で分解され、接着される。前記インクは、インクジェット印刷ヘッドを用いた加熱基板への印刷にも適している。
絶縁および操作には、標準シュレンク法(Standard Schlenk techniques)(Shriver,D.F.ら、The manipulation of Air-Sensitive Compounds, 第2版、Wiley-Interscience:New York, 1986, 78)を用い、チッ素パージしたPlasLabグローブボックス内でスプレー印刷を行った。濃黄色(dark-yellow)で低粘度の液体Cu(hfa)・VTMSを、Doyle, F.ら、 Organometallics 1985, 4, 830 の記載に基づき合成した。Cu(hfa)・VTMSは1Hnmrで示されるように、不純物を含まなかった。また、蒸着温度(Tdep)を、これらの粘着性Cu膜の増大の基本変数として観察した。顕微鏡用ガラススライド上では、Tdepが100〜200℃の場合、粉状で粘着性のない蒸着物となった。しかし、Tdepを220〜230℃に上げると、光沢のある蒸着物が得られ、この蒸着物はスコッチテープ試験に合格し、X線解析(PDF番号4−836)では、銅金属であることが確認された。スプレー印刷したこれらの銅膜の形態は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で測定した。図2aはCu(hfa)・VTMSインクを用いてTdep=230℃でスプレー印刷した、ガラス上の銅膜の1つのSEM写真を示す。構成成分の表面特徴(constituent surface features)が直径50〜200nmである連続的な膜が観察された。図2bはこの膜の端部のSEM断面分析であり、Cu膜は非常に高密度で、粒界構造(grain boundary structure)はほとんど見られなかったことを示している。この結果は、230℃以上のTdepで大粒子多孔微細構造が観察される、Cu(hfa)・VTMS前駆体を用いた化学蒸着(CVD)によるSiO2膜へのCuの形成に関する報告と異なる(例えば、Chiou, J.C.ら、 Electron, Mater. 1994, 23, 383; Yoon S.S.ら、J.Mater.Sci. 1995 30, 2029を参照のこと)。これらのCVDに関する文献と本発明との大きな違いは、蒸着圧力であり、CVD法では約1トールであるが、本実施例では約700トールである。図において、蒸着圧力が大きいと結晶子(crystallite)が非常に小さくなり得、図に示す表面は、スプレーにより生じたエアゾールの飛沫の大きさが原因であると思われる。
銅膜の電気的な特性を標準4点プローブ法により測定した。伝導性が高いため、この特性測定の前に、銅膜の線幅を減少させる必要があった。簡略化のため、この作業はカプトンテープマスクを用いて行った。まず、1枚のカプトンテープ(幅約25mm、長さ約50mm)を顕微鏡用ガラススライドの長さに合わせて慎重に置いた。テープの両端(すなわち、タブ)は層流式清浄作業台(clean laminar flow bench)の上部に一時的に取り付けた。つづいて、新しい清潔なカミソリ刃を用い、カプトンテープに縦方向に刻みをつけた(scribe)。最後に、各片を交互に(alternating strips)除去し、この試験で用いるカプトンで覆ったガラス基板を得た。次いで、これらの基板をスプレイブースに移動し、温度制御されたホットプレートにカプトンのタブを用いて装着した。
本発明の方法により形成した伝導性薄膜の1つは、CIS太陽電池の作製に有用な複合ニッケルコンタクト(composite nickel contact)である。ニッケルナノ粒子(10nm未満)の混合物およびNi(シクロオクタジエン)2などの金属キレートを基板にスプレー蒸着した。金属キレートの熱分解により、粒子の伝導性マトリクスおよび金属錯体分解生成物が形成され、アニ−ルされた。
Claims (15)
- 基板上に導電体を形成する方法であって、本質的に、以下の工程:
(a)金属キレートを含有するインクを提供する工程;
(b)該インクを該基板上に直接印刷する工程;および
(c)該インクを分解する工程であって、該基板上で、金属キレートを固体金属導体に変換する工程、からなり、
前記金属キレートが、Cu(hfa)・VTMSおよび/またはAg(hfa)(COD)を含む形成方法。
- 前記インクが、さらに結合剤もしくは安定剤、またはその両方を含有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記インクが、200〜700トールの範囲の圧力で印刷される請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属導体が、100μm未満の線幅を有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属導体が、50〜200nmの範囲の粒径を有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属導体が、1μm未満の厚さを有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属キレートが、400℃未満の温度のチッ素または空気中で加熱することによって分解される請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記インクが、さらに1〜100nmの範囲の大きさを有する金属粒子を含有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記基板が、カプトンである請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が、銅、銀および金からなる群から選択される請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記インクが、さらに溶剤を含有する請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記分解工程が、300℃未満の温度で空気またはチッ素中で加熱することによる請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記溶剤が、トルエンである請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記分解工程が、300℃未満の温度で空気またはチッ素中で加熱することによる請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が、銅、銀および金からなる群から選択される請求項11記載の方法。
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JP3137035B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-26 | 2001-02-19 | 昭栄化学工業株式会社 | ニッケル粉末及びその製造方法 |
DE69840914D1 (de) * | 1997-10-14 | 2009-07-30 | Patterning Technologies Ltd | Methode zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Kondensators |
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2000
- 2000-01-21 DE DE60043359T patent/DE60043359D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-21 EP EP00903364A patent/EP1441864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-21 WO PCT/US2000/001432 patent/WO2001053007A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-01-21 AU AU2000225122A patent/AU2000225122A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2001
- 2001-01-05 DE DE60125174T patent/DE60125174T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-05 EP EP01900331A patent/EP1295344B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-05 AU AU2001224743A patent/AU2001224743A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-05 JP JP2001553593A patent/JP5247962B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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EP1295344A2 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
WO2001053007A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
DE60043359D1 (de) | 2009-12-31 |
EP1441864A4 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
JP2004500711A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
EP1441864B1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
US6830778B1 (en) | 2004-12-14 |
EP1441864A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
AU2001224743A1 (en) | 2001-07-31 |
WO2001054203A3 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
DE60125174T2 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
EP1295344B1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
DE60125174D1 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
WO2001054203A2 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
AU2000225122A1 (en) | 2001-07-31 |
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