JP5242626B2 - 腹膜透析療法用ポータブル装置 - Google Patents
腹膜透析療法用ポータブル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5242626B2 JP5242626B2 JP2010104133A JP2010104133A JP5242626B2 JP 5242626 B2 JP5242626 B2 JP 5242626B2 JP 2010104133 A JP2010104133 A JP 2010104133A JP 2010104133 A JP2010104133 A JP 2010104133A JP 5242626 B2 JP5242626 B2 JP 5242626B2
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- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000004303 peritoneum Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 208000028208 end stage renal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000000523 end stage renal failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Description
血液透析では、患者の血液を人工腎臓透析機に通す。透析機の膜は血液を浄化するための人工腎臓としての役割を果たす。この治療は体外で行われるので、特殊な機械装置や、病院など治療を実施するセンターへの通院を必要とする。
合が良いとは限らない。多くの場合、PD装置に最適な場所は、患者とほぼ同じ高さにあり得るベッドに隣接するナイトテーブル上である。
図1を見ると、本発明のポータブルPD装置が示されている。ハウジング20は、患者が操作する制御ボタン26が付いたタッチスクリーン22を保持している。このカセットホルダは、ヒンジで取り付けられたドア24とカセット支持領域26とを有する。図4に
示すカセット28は、このカセット支持領域26にぴったり収まる。後で説明するように、カセットを支持領域26に挿入し、カセットの上にドア24を閉めてラッチ固定する。
。インフレータブルパッド47は、膨らむと、カセット28と反対側でプレート58とを押す。次いで、ドアロック機構が固定され、安全の目的で、ドアが偶然開いたり、患者がドアを開いたりすることも防止される。
ポンプ44(図3Bで最も良く分る)はステッピングモータ45によって制御される。ステッピングモータ制御装置の詳細は後で説明する。本発明のPD装置は、同時および交互の2種のポンピングモードを使用する。交互法の場合、一方のポンプが突出している間、他方のポンプは引っ込んでいる。同時ポンピングでは、両方のポンプヘッドが同時に同方向に伸び、両方が同時に引っ込む。
本発明のPD装置のエレクトロニクスボード101を図6に示す。本発明のPD装置の
各ポンプを駆動するステッピングモータ100は、通常、ステッピングモータドライバ108に向け信号を送信するファームウエアを用いて制御する。ファームウエアは2つのフラッシュメモリ102および104内にある。フラッシュメモリ102内に格納されているファームウエアは、ブリッジフィールドプログラマブルゲートアレイ(FPGA)106のプログラミングに用いる。フラッシュメモリ104に格納されているファームウエアは、MPC823 PowerPC(登録商標)マイクロプロセッサ112のプログラミングに用いる。
図2を見ると、本発明の装置はさらに、当該技術では周知の空気圧システムを備えており、このシステムは、バルブを作動させ、インフレータブルパッド47を膨らませてドアを密閉するために液圧を供給する。対応リザーバへの空気または真空の供給にはコンプレッサーポンプ(図示せず)を用いる。連続ポンピングの間、この空気および真空源は、バルーンバルブ48を膨らませたり、しぼませたりするのに用いる。バルーンバルブは、膨らんでいるときには、流体が、選択されたバルーンバルブ48と係合するカセットのチャンネル1〜16(図4)の特定チャンネルを通って移動するのをブロックするであろう。バルーンバルブがしぼんでいるとき、流体は、そのバルーンバルブによって制御される特定チャンネルを通って自由に移動することができる。
図2および4を見ると、本発明のPD装置の極めて重要な要件は、流体リザーバと患者との間の圧力の正確な測定と制御である。患者に連通する患者ラインへの圧力がアラームリミット上限を超えると、患者に深刻な被害が生じ得る。PDシステム自体はこのリミット上限をはるかに超える圧力で動作する必要がある。このような高い圧力は、圧力センサ、バルーンバルブおよびカセットの他の機能を操作するのに必要である。したがって、このような圧力は、患者が受ける圧力から独立して維持する必要がある。このような高い圧力を患者に近づけないようにするためには適切かつ確実な封止およびバルビングの使用を必要とする。
、カセットは溶液で充填される。この時点では、患者ラインは完全に溶液で満たされているであろう。この段階での圧力を検出して、静圧基準として用いる。その時点のPD機に関する患者の頭部の高さは、圧力読み取り値の差から測定する。この圧力差は100ミリバール未満に維持するのが好ましい。
Pstat=静液圧(+1メートル = +100ミリバール、−1メートル =
−100ミリバール)
Ppatmax = −100ミリバール
Pvac = 真空チャンバの目標真空度
Pvac = Ppatmax + Pstat。
差圧 = +100ミリバール;
Pvac = −100ミリバール + 100ミリバール = 0ミリバール。
Pvac = −100ミリバール + 0ミリバール = −100ミリバール。
差圧 = −100ミリバール;
Pvac = −100ミリバール + −100ミリバール = −200ミリバール。
1. 患者ラインが開放されている;
2. 患者ラインが閉鎖されている;または
3. 患者ラインが完全には開放されていないために、(例えば、患者がライン上に横たわっていることに起因する)好ましくない流れ抵抗が生じている。
1. ポンプBが規定長値に達するまで突出しているとき患者ラインが開いており、患者への圧力が増大してない;
2. 患者ラインが閉鎖しており、患者圧力が規定アラームリミット上限まで増大しているためにポンプが突出し得ない;
3. ポンプは突出して患者圧力が増大しているが、圧力が徐々に低下している。
たは患者にアラームを送って、スクリーン上で患者がどのようなアクションを取るべきかを通知することにより、是正処置をとることができる。例えば、患者が流体ライン上に横たわっている場合には、スクリーンで、患者に、ラインから身体をずらすように伝え得る。
使い捨て装置を通過する流体流れを図5A〜5Lに示す。本発明のPD機は、フラッシュ、プライミング、排液、注液、中断および貯留という6つの流体処理シーケンスを利用する。フラッシュシーケンスの目的は、(患者ラインを除く)すべてのラインおよびカセットから空気を除去することである。これは、フラッシュすべきラインに透析液をポンピングすることにより達成される。
図5Aは、ヒータバッグからの溶液が患者から空気を押し出すプライミングシーケンス
と、ヒータバッグからの溶液が患者にポンピングされる注液シーケンスとを示している。図5Jは、溶液が患者から流出して排液ラインにポンピングされる排液シーケンスを示している。
図5D、5F、5Hおよび5Lは、患者が未だPD機に接続されている間に、溶液バッグの溶液がヒータバッグにポンピングされる貯留シーケンスを示している。
患者管理PD機の1つの重要な部分は、図7に示すユーザインターフェースである。従来の機械に係わる共通問題は、機械がいまどのモードで作動しているか、患者が分らなくなることである。本発明では、タッチスクリーンディスプレイが、一方はモード指示部80、他方は操作説明部82という少なくとも2つの部分を有する。
モードが存在するかが常に分かる。
Claims (7)
- 腹膜透析機であって、
柔軟なエンクロージャと、該エンクロージャに連通した圧力検出領域とを有し、前記透析機の動作時に前記エンクロージャに流体を収容する着脱可能カセットと、
前記透析機内の所定位置に前記カセットを固定するための保持機構と、
前記エンクロージャ内の圧力のどのような変化をも検出するように、前記カセットが前記透析機内に保持されているときに前記圧力検出領域に整合するよう配置されている圧力センサと、
前記圧力センサに電気的に接続されているセンサ監視システムと、を備え、
前記圧力センサおよび前記圧力検出領域は、前記透析機の動作時に前記エンクロージャと患者との間の流体通路における流体の圧力を測定するように配置されており、前記圧力センサは、前記圧力センサで検出された圧力の変化に応じて前記透析機の動作を変更可能であるように、前記透析機の電子制御装置に接続されており、
前記センサ監視システムは、センサ用の専用の電源を有するコンバータを含み、前記コンバータは、圧力測定値とは独立にセンサを通じる電流を監視してセンサが正常に機能しているか否かを判定するように構成されている、腹膜透析機。 - 前記着脱可能カセットは、複数の流体流路と、該複数の流体流路のうちの対応する1つの流体流路と各々関連し、バルブによって各々制御される複数のバルブ領域とをさらに備え、前記バルブ領域は各々、前記流体流路のうちの対応する1つを流体が流れるのを阻止するように前記バルブによって制御可能である、請求項1に記載の腹膜透析機。
- 前記カセットの前記圧力検出領域は、前記カセットに形成された流路を介して前記エンクロージャに連通している、請求項1に記載の腹膜透析機。
- 前記電子制御装置は、前記圧力センサで測定された圧力に基づき、前記エンクロージャに連通している患者ラインが、開放されているか、閉鎖されているか、部分的に閉鎖されているか、を判定するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の腹膜透析機。
- 前記エンクロージャはポンプチャンバである、請求項1に記載の腹膜透析機。
- 前記着脱可能カセットは、柔軟な第2のエンクロージャと、該第2のエンクロージャに連通した第2の圧力検出領域とを有し、
前記腹膜透析機は、前記第2のエンクロージャ内の圧力のどのような変化をも検出するように、前記カセットが前記透析機内に保持されているときに前記第2の圧力検出領域に整合するよう配置されている第2の圧力センサをさらに備え、
前記第2の圧力センサおよび前記第2の圧力検出領域は、前記透析機の動作時に前記第2のエンクロージャと患者との間の第2の流体通路における流体の圧力を測定するように配置されており、前記第2の圧力センサは、前記第2の圧力センサで検出された圧力の変化に応じて前記透析機の動作を変更可能であるように、前記透析機の電子制御装置に接続されている、請求項1に記載の腹膜透析機。 - 前記エンクロージャおよび前記第2のエンクロージャはポンプチャンバである、請求項6に記載の腹膜透析機。
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2005
- 2005-02-28 US US11/069,195 patent/US20060195064A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2006
- 2006-02-06 EP EP06734336.8A patent/EP1855736A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2006-02-06 CN CN2006800127082A patent/CN101175514B/zh active Active
- 2006-02-06 KR KR1020077022286A patent/KR101254530B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-02-06 JP JP2007558018A patent/JP4777367B2/ja active Active
- 2006-02-06 BR BRPI0609163-6A patent/BRPI0609163A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-06 CA CA002599271A patent/CA2599271A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2006-02-06 EA EA200701834A patent/EA013511B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
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- 2007-08-17 ZA ZA200706923A patent/ZA200706923B/xx unknown
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2010
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012075575A (ja) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-19 | Terumo Corp | 自動腹膜透析装置 |
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IL185177A0 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
AU2006219068A1 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
KR20070107801A (ko) | 2007-11-07 |
JP2010188164A (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
AU2006219068B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
NZ560533A (en) | 2010-03-26 |
EA013511B1 (ru) | 2010-06-30 |
IL185177A (en) | 2011-10-31 |
EA200701834A1 (ru) | 2008-02-28 |
EP1855736A4 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
CA2599271A1 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
JP4777367B2 (ja) | 2011-09-21 |
ZA200706923B (en) | 2008-09-25 |
JP2008531192A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
EP1855736A2 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
US20100222735A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
CN101175514B (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
WO2006093620A3 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
WO2006093620A2 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
US20060195064A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
CN101175514A (zh) | 2008-05-07 |
KR101254530B1 (ko) | 2013-04-19 |
BRPI0609163A2 (pt) | 2010-02-23 |
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