CN101175514B - 用于腹膜透析治疗的便携装置 - Google Patents

用于腹膜透析治疗的便携装置 Download PDF

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CN101175514B
CN101175514B CN2006800127082A CN200680012708A CN101175514B CN 101175514 B CN101175514 B CN 101175514B CN 2006800127082 A CN2006800127082 A CN 2006800127082A CN 200680012708 A CN200680012708 A CN 200680012708A CN 101175514 B CN101175514 B CN 101175514B
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库尔温德尔·S·普莱海伊
弗兰克·L·海德曼
斯蒂芬·克拉特
托马斯·I·福尔登
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Abstract

一种便携式的腹膜透析装置具有(1)使用气压关上的铰接门,用于封入紧密地密封的可置换的盒;(2)精密压力检测穿过可置换的盒内的罩施加到病人的压力;(3)可分开操作或由两个分开的步进电机串联致动的两个泵,以及(4)触摸屏用户界面,其中操作模式的标记连同用于其它可能的操作模式的标记总是可见,并且通过触摸这些标记中的一个来改变模式。

Description

用于腹膜透析治疗的便携装置
技术领域
本发明总体涉及用于肾脏疾病末期治疗的装置。更特别地,本发明涉及执行腹膜透析的便携装置。
背景技术
当肾功能衰竭到肾无法充分地起作用的程度时,病人需要使用透析来维持生命,这已经公知。两种主要的透析方法被使用:血液透析和腹膜透析。
在血液透析中,病人的血穿过人工肾脏透析设备。该设备中的隔膜起人工肾脏的作用,用于清洁血液。因为治疗是体外的,因此需要特别的设备以及到执行此治疗的中心去诸如医院。
为了克服与血液透析相关联的缺点,已研制出腹膜透析(此后称为“PD”)。PD使用病人自己的腹膜(腹腔的膜状衬层)作为半渗透隔膜。当其很好地充满时,腹膜能够起自然半渗透隔膜的作用。
PD周期性地将无菌的水溶液注入到腹膜腔中。此水溶液称为PD溶液,或简称透析液。在溶液和血流之间跨过腹膜进行扩散和渗透交换。这些交换移去肾脏正常分泌的废弃产物。这些废弃产物典型地包括例如尿素和肌酸酐的溶液。肾脏也活动以维持诸如钠和水的其它物质的合适的水平,这些物质也需要通过透析来调节。在透析期间水和溶液的穿过腹膜的隔膜的扩散称为超滤作用。
在连续的流动的PD中,使用导液管将透析溶液导入到腹膜腔,通过医生将其正常地安放到位。通过扩散而在透析液和血液之间实现溶液交换。
在许多现有技术的PD设备中,通过从血液到渗透液设置合适的渗透性的梯度以允许水从血液中流出,从而实现去除流体。这使得在体内可达到合适的酸碱、电解质和流体平衡。透析溶液可简单地从体腔内穿过导液管而排出。流体移出的比例由病人和设备之间的高度差别来指示。
优选的PD设备是一种自动的设备。这些设备称为循环控制装置,设计成自动地到和从病人的腹膜腔中注入、停留和排出PD溶液。循环控制装置对于PD病人特别具有吸引力,因为在夜晚当病人睡着时可使用。这使得病人在他/她醒着和工作的数小时期间,从日复一日的连续的流动的PD需求中得到解脱。
治疗典型地持续数个小时。其经常以初始的排出循环开始,到用尽透析液排空腹膜腔。随后进行连续的一个接一个的注入、停留和排出阶段。每个阶段称为一次循环。
不同于由医生或训练过的技术员操作的血液透析设备,PD设备可由病人操作。因此,最常用的触摸屏用户界面应该简单,并且使许多易混淆的现有技术的血液透析和PD设备中共同的触摸屏菜单树状结构变得自由。此外,许多PD病人会进行旅行,这意味着在汽车、火车或飞机内随身携带他们的PD装置。例如,在旅馆里并不总是很方便使PD设备处于病人上面或下面的位置。设备的最优位置经常是在邻近床的床头几,可能与病人处于大概相同的水平面。
因此,期望PD设备坚固、重量轻且便携,并且能够在相对于病人的许多位置上使用,例如在与病人同样的水平面上,以及其上面或下面。同样触摸屏用户界面必须清楚且对于病人易于使用。此外,PD设备的身体操作必须不要求身体力量,因为PD病人经常处于虚弱的状态。最后,极其重要的是病人的安全。例如,在管路中非常精确的压力监控非常重要,因此对病人没有危害。
本发明的意图是提供改善的PD设备,其具有更清楚的触摸屏用户界面,改善的压力监控,以及更适合旅行中的PD病人和处于虚弱状态下的病人的需求。
发明内容
简要地,本发明涉及一种用于在腹膜透析设备和病人之间泵送流体从而对病人执行腹膜透析的装置。此装置包括一对隔膜泵,每个隔膜泵具有可变的冲程,并且适合于连在病人的腹膜和流体容纳室之间。
流体容纳室的一个用于接收病人排出的流体,以及一个容纳将泵入病人的流体。该装置进一步包括步进电机,其与每个隔膜泵连接以双向致动所述泵。步进电机控制每个泵的活塞的可变冲程,从而以预定的增量和预定的速度精确地冲击所述泵,以在预定的时间内使精确量的流体通过病人和装置之间。步进电机控制器能够沿前后或相反方向操作这对泵。
本发明的装置进一步包括适合于接收和容纳可拆卸的盒的两个大致上平坦的表面,此盒至少部分柔软,且具有预定的流动通道。当置入设备内时,此盒与两表面对准。平坦的表面中的一个固定,且另一个铰接到此固定表面,使得在铰接表面对着固定表面关闭时,此盒与平坦的表面对准而被容纳。夹紧机构包括当铰接表面关闭时设置成与两表面对准的可膨胀的衬垫,用于压缩此两表面以及其间的与此两表面对准且牢固接合的盒。此夹紧机构用液压膨胀,以保持表面与盒紧密地接合。
本发明还包括操作具有触摸显示屏的腹膜透析单元的方法,显示屏包括模式指示部和操作描述部。模式指示部具有多个触摸敏感标记,指示设备运行下的模式。当所述操作描述部改变以显示在一个模式下执行特定操作的细节时,显示屏用于保持病人不断地获悉设备运行时的至少三个操作模式,可能的模式包括治疗、诊断和数据模式。用于三个操作模式的每一个的标记在设备运行在选定的模式下时对于病人总是可见的。
通过病人触摸敏感标记中的一个以选择当前操作模式,操作模式被选择。用于此模式的标记响应此被选择模式而被突出显示。
在已选择的操作模式中,描述设备的操作的显示屏操作描述部被显示或改变,而没有改变用于三个操作模式中的每一个的标记的显示,或改变已选择的标记的突出显示。通过触摸不同的标记,用户可改变设备的运行模式,因而突出显示新选择的标记,并且同时不突出显示先前选择的用于先前操作模式的标记。
本发明的装置进一步包括可拆卸的盒,其具有在设备的操作期间容纳流体的柔性流体容纳罩。此盒通过保持机构固定在设备内,并且压力传感器在设备内与流体容纳罩对准且紧密接触。则罩内的压力改变将通过压力传感器被检测且被测量。压力传感器与用于设备的电子控制器连接,使得设备的操作响应于由压力传感器检测出的压力改变而改变。
可替换的盒包括适合于容纳流体的柔性罩,以及连接到柔性罩的入口和出口通道,以引导流体从病人流入所述罩并且引导流体从所述罩流出至病人。柔性罩具有位于可替换的盒的外面的表面,此表面适合于与压力传感装置配合,以测量容纳在罩内的流体的压力。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节将在附图和下面的描述中进行阐述。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点在描述、附图和权利要求中将更加显然。
附图说明
图1是本发明的PD装置的透视图;
图2是本发明的PD装置的盒支架的透视图;
图3A和3B是本发明的PD装置的盒支架的分解透视图;
图4是在本发明的设备中使用的盒的正视图;
图5A-5L示出穿过本发明的PD装置中使用的盒的各种流体流动路径;
图6是本发明的PD装置的电子操作的示意性方框图;并且
图7和8示出本发明的用户界面。
在附图中涉及同样元件的标号将采用相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
门密封机构
参考图1,示出本发明的便携式PD装置。壳体20容纳有连同由病人操作的附加控制钮26一起的触摸屏22。盒支架包括铰接门24和盒支撑区域26。如图4中所示的盒28安装在盒支撑区域26内。如下面将描述,盒插入到支撑区域26内,并且门24关闭到盒上且可靠地拴锁上。
参考图2、3A和3B,现在将详细描述盒罩60。主要地,如图所示盒罩60包括基底30和在右侧与基底30铰接的门24。基底30结合两个具有暴露的蘑菇状头部32的泵44。与这些头相配合的是两个门24中的室34。基底30还包括一对与门24内的孔38相配合的拴锁36。门还具有滑动拴锁40。微型开关42设置有表示门是打开还是完全关闭的电指示。
当设备运行时,有必要设置非常牢固的安全机械罩与盒28(图4)紧密接触。现有技术的PD设备通过使用牢固的门拴锁设置这种牢固的罩,门拴锁必须由病人几乎用力地关闭。这对于那些缺乏力量关门的年老的或病得非常厉害的病人来说产生了问题。可选择地,在其它现有技术的PD设备中,与VCR相似,盒使用复杂的机构插入,使用起来更加困难。相应地,本发明的PD装置不需要病人用足够的力去关门以产生所有必需的密封。此外,盒可直接设置入罩60内,而没有使用更复杂的类似VCR的装置。
使用与孔38松弛配合的拴锁40和拴锁柱36,门24牢固地锁上。尽管门容易地“喀哒”一声关上,但合适的密封不是由此关闭产生。为了确保盒28与基底30和门24紧密地且密封地接触,本发明的PD装置使用如图3A所示的可膨胀衬垫47。分别如图3A和2所示,盒容纳在板58和盒罩60之间的位置。一旦病人轻轻地关上且锁住门,那么系统接收来自开关42的信号,空气被抽到衬垫47内,使得门24和基底30顶着盒(如图4所示),从而正确地产生所有必须的密封。使用的真空压力为至少大约400lb./sq.in.,优选地使用至少800lb./sq.in.或更大的,但通常400lb./sq.in.就足够了。这对于后面将描述的精确的压力传感特别地重要。然而,病人不需要施加任何力到门或拴锁上以关闭门。
为了打开门24以装载盒,按下门的顶部左边缘上的按钮50。这将使门拴锁脱离。于是门打开并从左向右摆动。通过将盒的顶部放入固定钉52下面,盒28(图4)于是可装载进入盒支架。盒的底边缘将突然进入。轻轻地推动门,门24从右到左关闭,以自动地使门与拴锁柱36配合。制动装置包括制动滑块40和档簧(未示出)。当在关闭位置看时,这些零件位于门的左侧的机制槽54内。当门摆动关上时,制动件与拴锁柱36的锥形末端56接触。轻轻地推动门以锁上门的动作还启动门安全开关42。
一旦门完全开关关闭,系统接收电信号,表明已经准备好通过大约37psi压力(产生大约1000磅的力)使夹紧盒的可膨胀的衬垫47(图3A)膨胀,将盒夹到盒支架内。这使得抵靠夹紧衬垫58夹紧盒28(图3A),由此在用于流动控制的盒28内形成正确的通道。一旦可膨胀衬垫47膨胀,其推动盒28并且在另一侧顶靠板58。然后出于安全目的,门锁定机构固定不动,防止门意外地打开或甚至由病人打开。
泵44(最好如图3B所示)由步进电机45控制。步进电机控制的细节将随后描述。本发明的PD装置同时地且交替地使用双泵送模式。用此交替方法,当一个泵伸出时,另一个缩回。同时泵送是两泵头沿同样的方向同时伸出,并且同时缩回。
为了使流体从室34中的一个流出,与此室相配合的泵44一直移动到盒的壁,但是不与其接触。为了使流体流入室34中的一个,通过步进电机45中的一个将泵44拉回,同时在位于室34内的盒28的后面产生真空,使得盒28(在图2、3A或3B中未示出)的隔膜缩回。随着盒的隔膜缩回,流体被引入盒34的室A或B其中之一。
为了将流体从病人体内排出,采用了交替泵送的方法,其中一个泵44伸出,同时其余的缩回。当与室A相关联的泵伸出时,室A内的流体被排出进入盒28的排液管。当与室B相关联的泵缩回时,来自病人的流体被吸入到室B内。当此动作完成时,与室A相关联的泵然后缩回且从病人体内吸取流体,同时泵B伸出并且将流体转移出送入排液管内。此过程持续不断直到处理完要求的来自病人的流体的容量。
最初,泵44移动到由未示出的传统光学传感器检测的有效位置。然后泵控制器编码值设置为零。接下来,泵朝向盒移动直到其接触盒。这是“OUT”位置,其中编码器此后设置成小于最大值的当前编码值(计算使得为最大的可能的冲程,例如250编码计数)。然后,泵向后移动800微步,或大约16000编码计数。“HOME”位置此后设置成此编码值。步进电机45接下来向后移动另一个500微步,或大约10000编码计数。这是设置“IN”位置的地方。
容量计算基于盒容量为已知值(基于其物理尺寸)这一事实。泵头的容量也是已知值(此容量的计算再次基于泵头和室的物理尺寸)。如果整个蘑菇状头部32平齐地顶靠盒壁46,那么没有流体量可存在于盒室内。然而,当蘑菇状头部32向后移动时,其将流体吸入到盒28(图4)的室内。吸入室内的流体的容量通过从室的容积里减去保留在室内的蘑菇状头部32的容量而计算出。为了计算存在于室内的泵头的容量的多少,泵的线性移动量被计算,并且此距离关联于菌头的移动距离。根据此距离使用公式以测定仍存在于室内的流体容量的多少。
用于泵的电子控制
本发明的PD装置的电路板101显示在图6中。驱动本发明的PD装置的每个泵的步进电机100,传统地使用具有输入至步进电机驱动器108的信号的固件而控制。固件存在于闪存102和104内。存储在闪存102内的固件用于编写现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)106程序。存储在闪存104内的固件用于编写MPC823 PowerPC微处理器112程序。
参考图2,步进电机45驱动传统的导螺杆(未示出),其使螺母(也未示出)在导螺杆上移进和移出。反过来,螺母连接到实际上与盒28(图4)上的隔膜A或B接触的蘑菇状头部32。如下文将描述,步进电机和导螺杆被选择以提供需要的力,以将流体从在盒内的流体通道的开口之后的盒中推出去。优选地步进电机45需要200步以产生完整的旋转,并且这对应着0.048”线性移动。此外,编码器测量导螺杆的角运动。此测量可用于非常精确地确定菌头组件的位置。
步进电机控制器(未示出)提供必须的电流以穿过步进电机的绕组而驱动。电流的极性决定头部向前移动还是向后移动。活塞的大概定位由一个或多个光学传感器(未示出)辅助完成。
在FPGA106内,有两个完全相同的控制逻辑设置,每个活塞使用一个。线性编码器110(图6)的双通道积分输出转换成增加或减少的计数。此计数的整个范围是从0到65000(或此计数可关于0分成两半,从-32499到+32500)。此计数要求来决定电流位置以及活塞的随后的运动。在导螺杆的实际运动和编码值之间存在直接相关性。
再参考图6,FPGA106在电流编码器输入和目标值之间进行比较。对于自动运动这是必须的。输入FPGA106的信号指令使完整循环开始,此循环以活塞从其当前位置移动到新指定的位置而结束。此外,FPGA106可自动地使马达运动停止。这是可期望的,例如,在泵头到达其运行尽头的地方(由运行开关112的末端传感,或在泵的动作导致压力超出范围的地方。如果活塞到达运行尽头开关112,那么自动运动停止。同样地,如果压力传感器48(图2)测定压力在规定的限制的范围之外,马达45(图2)可停止以防止更大的可能对病人有害的偏移。
在本领域中众所周知,FPGA固件的另外部分使得步进电机45的速度可控制。通过调整马达脉冲宽度和脉冲之间的时间,马达可运行地更快或更慢,以得到期望的速度与扭矩的平衡。马达运行的速度关于可施加至泵头的扭矩相反。此调整允许设备对泵室A或B(图4)内的流体产生期望的推动量,使得其容易地穿过管路流动,但是不是强制的以至于触发压力警报或导致管路的破裂。另一方面,如果你尝试使马达过快地运行,你可能失去必须的在泵头部上需要的用于使流体移动穿过管路的扭矩。
除了马达脉冲,FPGA106提供诸如方向和步距大小的多个控制信号到步进电机控制器(未示出)。取决于从闪存102和104发送到FPGA106的值,步距大小可在完整的、一半的、四分之一的和八分之一的步距之间调整。此外,可将用于快速马达运动的连续次序的脉冲被送入到马达控制器,或仅单个脉冲以产生单个步距。通常地这由FPGA106内的寄存器设置。
气动系统
参考图2,本发明的装置还包括气动系统。在本领域众所周知,其提供液压压力以操纵阀门并且填充可膨胀衬垫47以密封关闭的门。压缩机泵(未示出)用于在相应的容器内提供空气或真空。在依次泵送期间,该空气和真空源用于使气囊48充气和放气。当充气时,气囊阀将阻隔流体移动穿过与选择的气囊阀48中的一个相配合的盒的通道1-16(图4)中特定的一个。当气囊阀被放气时,流体可自由地移动穿过由此气囊阀控制的此特定通道。
压力传感器
参考图2和4,本发明的PD装置的非常重要的要求是精确地测量和控制流体容器和病人之间的压力。如果连到病人的管路上的压力增加超出警戒限制,可能对病人产生严重的伤害。PD系统自身需要在远超过此限制的压力下操纵。这些高压需要用于操作压力传感器、气囊阀和盒中的其它功能。因此需要使这些压力与病人可看到的压力无关。需要使用适当的并且可靠的密封和阀以使这些高压远离病人。
参考图2,为了监控系统中的压力,使用了两个压力传感器33,以间接检测病人的腹膜内的压力和真空。这些传感器优选地是注入泵力/压力传感器,例如由Sensym Foxboro ICT制造的Model 1865。当盒28(图4)插入到盒罩60内时,盒28内的压力传感区域“P”排列一行,并且与双压力传感器33紧密接触。这些检测区域“P”分别地穿过管道62和64,分别地直接与室A和B连接,使得当流体从室A和B中流入和流出时,压力传感器33可检测其存在。包括两个标有“P”的区域的盒隔膜通过真空压力粘附于压力传感器33。
双压力传感器33与I/O板101上的连续输出的高分辨率的24位A-D转换器(ADC)连接。该ADC从双压力传感器中的每个发出信号到板101上的FPGA106。当FPGA106接收数据准备信号之后,FPGA读取此ADC并且将此数据传送给微处理器112进行处理,在本发明的优选实施例中,此微处理器是摩托罗拉公司制造的MPC823 PowerPC装置。
当冲洗和最初的处理完成时,如在本领域所共知的,将使盒充满溶液。此时,连到病人的管路将完全充满溶液。在此阶段压力被检测并且用作静态压力基线。那时,病人的头相对于PD设备的高度将根据压力读数的差值判定。优选地,此压力差值保持在100mbar之下。
在次序排出期间,最大的泵液压真空限于-100mbar以防止伤害病人。腹膜内的真空必须保持在此值或高于此值。病人的位置在由静态压力测量显示的PD设备的水平面的下面或上面,可通过调整真空装置的水平面来补偿。
作为例子,真空室的目标真空可基于下面的方程:
Pstat=静态液压压力(+1米=+100mbar并且-1米=-100mbar)
Ppatrnax=-100mbar
Pvac=真空室的目标真空
Pvac=Ppatmax+Pstat
例如,当病人在PD设备上面1米处,压力差=+100mbar;Pvac=-100mbar+100mbar=0mbar。
当病人与设备处于同一水平面时,压力差=0mbar;
Pvac=-100mbar+0mbar=-100mbar。
当病人在PD设备下面1米处,压力差=-100mbar;
Pvac=-100mbar-100mbar=-200mbar。
因为穿过与病人连接的各种管路的连续流动对于病人的合适治疗是关键的,因此如果病人管路受阻,部分受阻或打开,连续的监控就非常重要。这里有三种不同的可能情况:
1、病人管路打开;
2、病人管路关闭;或者
3、病人管路没有完全打开且因此产生不期望的流动阻力(例如由病人躺在管路上所导致)。
压力传感器33(图2)可用于检测误差状况。参考图5,当泵B伸出并且将透析液泵送入对于病人打开的管路中时,使用上述的压力传感器33仔细地监控病人压力和编码值是非常重要的。例如,三种可能的误差情况可发生,下列事件的结果是:
1、当泵B伸出直到达到限定的长度时病人管路打开,并且病人压力没有增加;
2、病人管路关闭,并且因为病人压力增加到限定的警戒限制,泵不能够伸出。
3、泵伸出以产生增加的病人压力,但是压力降低地很慢。
使用本发明的压力传感器33可传感出这些误差状况,并且可自动地或给病人发送警报以采取矫正的动作,其中显示屏告诉病人采取什么行动。例如,显示屏可告诉病人他或她可能躺在流体管路上,并且应该离开管路。
因为病人压力传感器对于病人安全是非常重要的部件,因此监控这些传感器是否正常运行就非常重要。尽管现有设备尝试通过检查从传感器读取的压力值来完成此监控,但由于常态的变化的特征,这些测试并不是十分简单,期望的读数可欺骗一个人使其相信传感器正常工作,然而实际上并没有。
因此对传感器的监控应独立于压力测量。在本发明的优选的实施例中,通过具有两个专用电流源的A-D转换器(“ADC”),每个传感器使用一个,压力传感器受到监控。根据指令,每个ADC将寻找电流(而不是如同通常情况得到数据)的来源,并且监控此电流怎样流过(或未能流过)每个传感器。压力传感器的独立监控将保证病人的安全。因为典型地通常治疗运行整个晚上,因而确实期望能够持续地双重检查每个监控病人安全的压力传感器。
流体流过设备的描述
流体的任何流动在图5A-5L中示出。本发明的PD设备使用六个流体过程序列:冲洗、排气、排出、注入、暂停和停顿。冲洗序列的目的是将所有管路(除了病人管路)和盒中的空气除去。这是通过用泵送透析液穿过将冲洗的管路而完成。
排气序列通过泵送透析液穿过病人管路而将病人管路中的空气除去。排出序列用于将透析液从病人泵送到排放管。注入序列用于将透析液从加热包泵送到病人。一旦病人被注满透析液,暂停序列允许病人与PD设备断开。当病人与PD设备断开时,设备将透析液从溶液包传送到加热包。最后,停顿序列用于允许透析液在病人体内保持确定的时间。除了病人不能与设备断开之外,停顿序列与暂停序列一样。停顿序列发生时,设备将透析液从溶液包传送到加热包。
流动序列如图5A至5L所示。每幅图包括加黑线和浅色线,每种线具有表明流动的方向的箭头。在过程中所有的同样明暗的流动框图线(加黑或浅色)同时产生。
参考图5A“加热包到病人”的线框图,加黑线表明泵A缩回以从加热包牵引透析液。同时,泵B伸出以泵送渗透液穿过病人管路。浅色线表明泵A伸出以将透析液推入病人体内。同时,泵B缩回并且从加热包牵引透析液。
当供给透析液并且渗透液穿过排放管路时,图5B、5C、5E、5G和5J应用于冲洗序列。
图5A示出当加热包内的溶液将病人体内的空气排出时的排气序列,以及加热包内的溶液被泵送到病人的注入序列。图5J示出从病人体内抽出溶液并且泵入排放管的排出序列。
如图5D、5F、5H和5L所示,暂停序列中溶液包内的溶液泵送到加热包,同时病人被断开。
图5D、5F、5H和5L示出了停顿序列,其中溶液包内的溶液泵送到加热包,同时病人仍然连接。
用户界面
病人可控制的PD设备的一个重要部分是用户界面,如图7所示。现有技术的设备的一个共同问题在于,病人无法跟踪设备运行时的模式。在本发明中,触摸显示屏具有至少两部分:一个是模式指示部80,另一个是操作描述部82。
模式指示部80具有多个触摸的敏感标记84、86、88、90和92,每个指示设备运行时的模式,以保持病人不断地获悉设备运行时的至少三个操作模式中的一个。如优选实施例中示出的这些模式示出在图7中。例如而不是限制,这些模式可包括:治疗模式84,在该模式下进行透析;设置模式86,其中PD设备的治疗类型设置被示出且可由病人修改;诊断模式88,其中设备的操作被诊断;病人数据模式90,其中显示病人数据;以及治疗历史模式92,其中显示病人的先前治疗。
在这些模式的任何模式下的操作期间,显示屏的操作描述部82变为显示在选定的模式中执行特殊操作的详细内容。一般地,描述部显示帮助信息以在设备操作时引导使用者。例如,在治疗期间,如图7所示当治疗模式指示器亮起时,描述部82指示病人接下来必须的步骤是“推动以打开盒门”。替换地,描述部可示出流体流动的方向,或提供治疗完成的程度的指示或现阶段治疗的其它描述。同样类型的描述提供给在诊断模式中产生的各种诊断操作。
对于优选实施例的五个操作模式的每一个,屏的模式部80中示出的所有五个模式标记总是保持对病人可见,其中设备当前所处的操作模式以某种方式突出显示,如图7所示的用于治疗模式的指示器84。
病人通过触摸屏上的标记中的一个来改变操作模式,其不同于当前突出显示的那个(图7中的“治疗”)。除非有一些诸如安全或其它的原因,那时模式不能够改变,否则当病人触摸不同的图标时,模式将改变为新的模式,并且如图8所示的“诊断”,此新选定的图标88将被突出显示,并且如图8所示用于先前操作模式的“治疗”图标84将不再被突出显示。
然后如图8所示,触摸屏的描述部96将显示属于新的“诊断”操作模式的信息,例如如图8所示的“治疗恢复警告”。用于优选实施例中的其它四种可能的模式的图标84、86、90和92将保持显示但不被突出,因此病人总是知道(1)设备操作的模式以及(2)存在其它可能的操作模式。
本发明根据特殊实施例而予以描述。其它实施例都在随后的权利要求的范围之内。例如,本发明的步骤可以不同的次序执行,且仍可达到期望的结果。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,包括:
可拆卸的盒,具有在设备的操作期间容纳流体的柔性罩和与所述柔性罩流体连通的压力传感区域,在设备工作期间,流体容纳在所述柔性罩内;
保持机构,用于确保所述盒在设备内的预定位置;
压力传感器,当所述盒保持在设备内时,其与所述盒的压力传感区域对准且紧密接触,使得所述罩内的任何压力改变通过所述压力传感器检测出;
在设备工作期间,压力传感器和压力传感区域布置成检测柔性罩和病人之间的流体通道中的流体压力,所述压力传感器和用于设备的电子控制器连接,使得设备的操作响应于由所述压力传感器检测出的压力改变而改变。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述可拆卸的盒还包括多个流体通道和多个气囊阀,每个气囊阀与所述流体通道中的对应的一个关联,其中每个气囊阀可阻隔流体移动穿过所述流体通道中的所述对应的一个。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述可拆卸的盒的压力传感区域流体通过形成在所述可拆卸的盒中的通道连通到柔性罩。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述电子控制器适于根据压力传感器测量的压力确定流体连通到柔性罩的病人管路是开、闭或者部分关闭。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中还包括传感器监控系统,与压力传感器电连接,传感器监控系统监控压力传感器的工作。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述传感器监控系统构造为使得压力传感器的工作独立于压力测量被监控。
7.如权利要求5所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述传感器监控系统包括具有专用于传感器的电流源的转换器,该转换器适于监控通过传感器的电流,以确定传感器是否工作正常。
8.如权利要求5所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述柔性罩是泵室。
9.如权利要求1所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述可拆卸的盒具有第二柔性罩和与所述第二柔性罩流体连通的第二压力传感区域,该设备包括第二压力传感器,当所述盒保持在设备内时,第二压力传感器与所述盒的第二压力传感区域对准且紧密接触,使得所述第二罩内的任何压力改变通过所述第二压力传感器检测出;
在设备工作期间,第二压力传感器和第二压力传感区域布置成检测第二柔性罩和病人之间的第二流体通道中的流体压力,所述第二压力传感器和用于设备的电子控制器连接,使得设备的操作响应于由所述第二压力传感器检测出的压力改变而改变。
10.如权利要求9所述的用于测量腹膜透析设备内的压力的装置,其中所述柔性罩是泵室。
11.一种用于传送流体至经受腹膜透析的病人并且传送来自经受腹膜透析的病人的流体的可替换的盒,所述可替换的盒包括:
适合于容纳流体的柔性罩;
连接到所述柔性罩的入口和出口通道,以引导流体从病人流入所述罩并且引导流体从所述罩流出至病人;
与所述柔性罩流体连通的压力传感区域,所述盒的压力传感区域的外面的表面适合于与压力传感装置配合,以在腹膜透析期间当流体从所述柔性罩和病人之间的入口和出口通道流入和流出时检测其存在。
12.如权利要求11所述的盒,其中所述压力传感区域的表面是环形的。
13.如权利要求11所述的盒,其中所述的盒还包括多个流体通道和多个气囊阀,每个气囊阀与所述流体通道中的对应的一个关联,其中每个气囊阀可阻隔流体移动穿过所述流体通道中的所述对应的一个。
14.如权利要求11所述的盒,其中还包括容纳流体的第二柔性罩,与所述第二柔性罩连通的第二入口和出口通道,以引导流体从病人流入所述第二罩并且引导流体从所述第二罩流出至病人;与所述第二柔性罩流体连通的第二压力传感区域,
其中,所述可替换的盒的第二压力传感区域的外面的表面适合于与第二压力传感装置配合,以在腹膜透析期间当流体从所述第二柔性罩和病人之间的第二入口和出口通道流入和流出时检测其存在。
15.如权利要求14所述的盒,其中所述柔性罩是泵室。
16.如权利要求11所述的盒,其中所述柔性罩是泵室。
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US20100222735A1 (en) 2010-09-02
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AU2006219068B2 (en) 2011-09-08
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AU2006219068A1 (en) 2006-09-08
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ZA200706923B (en) 2008-09-25
US20060195064A1 (en) 2006-08-31
KR20070107801A (ko) 2007-11-07
WO2006093620A2 (en) 2006-09-08
WO2006093620A3 (en) 2007-12-13
EA013511B1 (ru) 2010-06-30
CA2599271A1 (en) 2006-09-08
EA200701834A1 (ru) 2008-02-28
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BRPI0609163A2 (pt) 2010-02-23
JP4777367B2 (ja) 2011-09-21

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