JP5223022B2 - レーザ封止された毛管スペースを備えるバイオセンサおよび製造方法 - Google Patents
レーザ封止された毛管スペースを備えるバイオセンサおよび製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5223022B2 JP5223022B2 JP2012173148A JP2012173148A JP5223022B2 JP 5223022 B2 JP5223022 B2 JP 5223022B2 JP 2012173148 A JP2012173148 A JP 2012173148A JP 2012173148 A JP2012173148 A JP 2012173148A JP 5223022 B2 JP5223022 B2 JP 5223022B2
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- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502715—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1606—Ultraviolet [UV] radiation, e.g. by ultraviolet excimer lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
- B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
- B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
- B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
- B29C66/73521—Thickness, e.g. very thin of different thickness, i.e. the thickness of one of the parts to be joined being different from the thickness of the other part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
- B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0025—Opaque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0026—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0068—Permeability to liquids; Adsorption
- B29K2995/0069—Permeability to liquids; Adsorption non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Description
先の背景技術で説明したように、大量の試験片生産時の接着剤は、原材料およびとりわけ製造コストの観点の両方から大きいコストとなる。接着剤の使用に替えて、試験片の積層構造体を互いにレーザ溶着する種々の技術が以下に説明される。これらのレーザ溶着技術を用いることにより、試験片は、効率よく、また、高いコスト効率で製造できるようになる。たとえば、接着剤に係る材料費を大幅に低減する、または完全に無くすことさえできる。さらに、接着剤を使用することにより生ずる製造上の問題を軽減する、または排除することができる。先に説明したように、試験片の種々の層と構成要素を互いに接合するために接着剤を使用すると、接着剤の残りかすが、試験片の切断に用いられるスリッタに堆積する。このために、一定間隔での洗浄と保守のためにスリッタを定期的に停止させることが必要になり、そのために生産量が低下する。ここに説明したレーザ溶着技術を用いることにより、接着剤に関連する問題を非常に小さくする、または排除することさえもが可能になる。この技術についての説明の焦点はレーザ溶着により毛管流路を形成することであるが、レーザ溶着により試験片のその他の構成要素も互いに接合可能であると了解されるものとする。たとえば、以下に説明するように、試験片の層の全てを互いにレーザ溶着することにより、接着剤の使用を無くすことができる。この接着剤不使用の試験片は、たとえば、積層構造体表面の大部分または全てにレーザを照射する、もしくはその後直ぐに間隔を空けてスポット溶着を行なうことにより実現することができる。
基板を覆う少なくとも1つの被覆層と、ここで、基板および被覆層は協働して試料受承区画を画成し、
基板と被覆層の一方が、他方より透過性が高い、
試料受承区画内に配置された試薬と、
基板および被覆層が、その間の縁に沿う、試料受承区画の開口を構成する、
基板を被覆層に結合して、試料受承区画を構成するための少なくとも1つのレーザ溶着部とを有するバイオセンサ。
スペース層が黒色であり、
被覆層が実質上透明である実施形態9のバイオセンサ。
本体被覆が、被覆層から離間して、試料受承区画からの空気を排出するための通気口を画成する実施形態11のバイオセンサ。
被覆層と、
基板および被覆層と協働して、血液試料のヘマトクリット障害を低減できる大きさの微細毛管を画成する1つまたはそれを超えるレーザ溶着部と、
微細毛管区画内に配置されて血液試料を分析する試薬とを有するバイオセンサ。
基板と被覆層を互いにレーザ溶着して、バイオセンサの、試薬を収容する試料受承区画を構成することとを含む方法。
当該試料受承区画を構成することが、透明性が高い方を通してレーザ光線を照射することにより、透明性が高い方を通してレーザ溶着することを含む実施形態27の方法。
被覆層がレーザ光線を実質上吸収するようになっており、
当該試料受承区画を構成することが、基板を通してレーザ光線を被覆層に照射することを含む実施形態29の方法。
基板および被覆層の共に延在する縁に沿う、試料受承区画のための開口を設けることとをさらに含む実施形態27の方法。
当該レーザ溶着することが、基板および被覆層の連続材を互いにレーザ溶着して、積層体を構成することを含み、積層体が、試薬を収容する複数の試料受承区画を備えている、
試料受承区画の各々に、基板および被覆層の少なくとも一方の縁に沿う開口を設けることとをさらに含む実施形態27の方法。
基板および被覆層の連続材が近くを通過するとき、回転式マスクを回転させることと、ここで、回転式マスクが複数のマスク開口を備えている、
マスク開口の少なくとも1つを通してレーザ光線を照射して、連続材の間にレーザ溶着部を形成することとを含む実施形態32の方法。
Claims (10)
- バイオセンサであって、
該バイオセンサが、
基板と、
該基板上に形成された電極と、
前記基板と協働して試料受承区画を画成する、前記基板を覆う少なくとも1つの被覆層と、
前記試料受承区画内に配置された試薬と、
前記基板を前記被覆層に結合する少なくとも1つのレーザ溶着部とを有し、
前記基板と前記被覆層の一方が他方よりレーザ光に対する透過性が高く、
前記基板および前記被覆層が、その間の縁に沿う、前記試料受承区画の開口を構成し、
前記少なくとも1つのレーザ溶着部が前記試料受承区画を形成することを特徴とするバイオセンサ。 - 少なくとも前記被覆層が、前記試料受承区画を構成するための流路凹みを有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記基板および前記被覆層が、前記試料受承区画の周縁の少なくとも一部がレーザ溶着されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記試料受承区画が、20〜200nLの容積を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記試料受承区画が、血液試料のヘマトクリット障害を低減できる大きさの微細毛管区画であるとともに、前記微細毛管区画内に配置されて前記血液試料を分析する試薬を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記基板および前記被覆層の一方が、前記1つまたはそれを超えるレーザ溶着部において、レーザエネルギーを他方より多く吸収するようになっていることを特徴とする請求項5記載のバイオセンサ。
- 試薬を基板に付着させることと、
前記基板と被覆層を互いにレーザ溶着することとを含む方法であって、レーザ溶着部が、バイオセンサの、試薬を収容する試料受承区画を形成し、
前記方法が、さらに、
前記基板および前記被覆層の連続材を準備することであって、前記レーザ溶着することが、前記基板および前記被覆層の前記連続材を互いにレーザ溶着して、積層体を構成することを含み、前記積層体が、試薬を収容する複数の試料受承区画を備えている、前記準備することと、
前記試料受承区画の各々に、前記基板および前記被覆層の少なくとも一方の縁に沿う開口を設けることとを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記基板と前記被覆層の一方が、レーザ光に対する透明性が他方より高いことと、
前記試料受承区画を前記構成することが、透明性が高い方を通してレーザ光線を照射することにより、前記透明性が高い方を通してレーザ溶着することを含むこととを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。 - 前記レーザ溶着することが、
前記基板および前記被覆層の前記連続材が近くを通過するとき、複数のマスク開口を備えている回転式マスクを回転させることと、
前記マスク開口の少なくとも1つを通してレーザ光線を照射して、前記連続材の間にレーザ溶着部を形成することとを含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。 - 前記レーザ溶着することが、前記試料受承区画の周縁をレーザ溶着すること、または前記試料受承区画の周辺領域を溶着することを含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。
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2007
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- 2008-07-02 CA CA 2691043 patent/CA2691043A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2008-07-02 WO PCT/EP2008/005389 patent/WO2009003691A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2008-07-02 KR KR1020097027588A patent/KR20100018593A/ko active Application Filing
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JP2010531983A (ja) | 2010-09-30 |
CN101688864A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
CA2691043A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
KR20100018593A (ko) | 2010-02-17 |
JP2012208135A (ja) | 2012-10-25 |
EP2162744A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
US20070278097A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
KR20130050979A (ko) | 2013-05-16 |
US8679853B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
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