JP5160552B2 - 浸透圧熱エンジン - Google Patents
浸透圧熱エンジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5160552B2 JP5160552B2 JP2009536297A JP2009536297A JP5160552B2 JP 5160552 B2 JP5160552 B2 JP 5160552B2 JP 2009536297 A JP2009536297 A JP 2009536297A JP 2009536297 A JP2009536297 A JP 2009536297A JP 5160552 B2 JP5160552 B2 JP 5160552B2
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- Prior art keywords
- permeate
- solution
- membrane
- osmotic
- ammonia
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/008—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/015—Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
- F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G4/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy
- F03G4/033—Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy having a Rankine cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G4/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy
- F03G4/037—Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling, transcritical or supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Description
本願は、2006年11月9日に出願された米国仮出願第60/858245号の利益を主張し、この仮出願の主題は、その全体が引用により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本願は、熱エネルギを機械的な仕事に変換する、浸透圧熱エンジンであって、半透膜を使用して、浸透圧を電力に変換する、浸透圧熱エンジンに関する。
内部濃度分極が膜を通過する水の浸透流を阻害しないように形成された膜
を含む、浸透圧熱エンジンを提供することである。
a)半透膜の第一サイドにおいて、高濃度の透過側溶液を、その浸透圧よりも低い水圧に加圧する工程;
b)半透膜の他方のサイドに、希薄な(ほとんど脱イオン化された)作動流体を導入する工程;
c)希薄な作動流体の一部を、半透膜を通過させて、加圧された透過側溶液内に流動させて、透過側溶液の体積を膨張させる水流束を生成する工程;
d)膨張した体積の透過側溶液の流れから、タービンにより、電力を生成する工程;および
e)膨張した体積の透過側溶液を、蒸留塔によって適切な温度および圧力にて処理して、透過側溶液から溶質を分離し、それにより、システムで再利用するための新しい透過側溶液ストリームおよび作動流体ストリームを生成する工程
を含む方法に関する。
本発明は、アンモニア−二酸化炭素浸透圧熱エンジンを使用して、電力を生成する方法であって、
a)半透膜の第一サイドにおいて、アンモニアおよび二酸化炭素を含む高濃度の(または濃縮した)透過側溶液を、その浸透圧よりも低い水圧に加圧する工程;
b)半透膜の他方のサイドに、ほぼ脱イオン化された水を含む希薄な作動流体を導入する工程;
c)希薄な作動流体の一部を、半透膜を通過させて、加圧された透過側溶液内に流動させて、透過側溶液の体積を膨張させる水流束を生成する工程;
d)膨張した体積の透過側溶液の流れから、タービンにより、電力を生成する工程;および
e)膨張した体積の透過側溶液を、蒸留塔によって適切な温度および圧力にて処理して、透過側溶液から溶質を分離し、それにより、システムへ再入させる新しい透過側溶液ストリームおよび作動流体ストリームを生成する工程
を含む方法に概して関する。
仕事=(タービン効率)×(水圧)×(体積流束)(1)
Claims (14)
- 発電する方法であって、
半透膜の第一サイドにおいて、アンモニアおよび二酸化炭素をアンモニア/二酸化炭素のモル比が1以上となる割合で含む高濃度の透過側溶液を加圧する工程;
半透膜の他方のサイドに、希薄な作動流体を導入する工程;
希薄な作動流体の流れが、半透膜を通過して、加圧された透過側溶液内に入ることを促進して、希釈された透過側溶液を生成する工程;
タービンを経由する希釈された透過側溶液の流れを起こすこと;
希釈された透過側溶液の溶媒からアンモニアおよび二酸化炭素を熱的に分離すること;および
アンモニアおよび二酸化炭素をリサイクルして、高濃度の透過側溶液を再生すること
を含む方法。 - 高濃度の透過側溶液が、1:1〜2.5:1のアンモニア対二酸化炭素のモル比を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 高濃度の透過側溶液の溶質の濃度が、0.1〜12モルである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 高濃度の透過側溶液の溶質の濃度が、3〜6モルである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 希釈された透過側溶液からアンモニアおよび二酸化炭素を熱的に分離することが、ガスストリッピング・プロセスを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ガスストリッピング・プロセスが真空下で低温水蒸気を使用することを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- ガスストリッピング・プロセスを35℃〜250℃の温度および0.05気圧〜10気圧の圧力にて実施する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 希薄な作動流体の流れが半透膜を通過することを促進することが、少なくとも25×10−6m3/m2−sの水流速が通過することを促進することを含む、請求項1に記載
の方法。 - 第1のチャンバー;
第2のチャンバー;
第1のチャンバーおよび第2のチャンバーを流体的に結合させる半透膜;
第1のチャンバーに流体的に接続された、希薄な作動流体の供給源;
第2のチャンバーに流体的に接続された、アンモニアおよび二酸化炭素をアンモニア/二酸化炭素のモル比が1以上となる割合で含む高濃度の透過側流体の供給源;
第2のチャンバーにおいて高濃度の透過側流体を加圧する、圧力交換器;
第2のチャンバーの下流に流体的に接続されたタービン;
タービンの下流に流体的に接続されたガスストリッピング・オペレーション装置;および
ガスストリッピング・オペレーション装置を第1および第2のチャンバーに流体的に接続するリサイクルシステム
を含む、浸透圧熱エンジン。 - 高濃度の透過側溶液が1:1〜2.5:1のアンモニア対二酸化炭素のモル比を有する、請求項9に記載の浸透圧熱エンジン。
- 高濃度の透過側溶液の溶質の濃度が、0.1〜12モルである、請求項10に記載の浸透圧熱エンジン。
- ガスストリッピング・オペレーション装置が、蒸留カラムを含む、請求項9に記載の浸透圧熱エンジン。
- ガスストリッピング・オペレーション装置に熱的に接続された、低グレードの熱源をさらに含む、請求項12に記載の浸透圧熱エンジン。
- 浸透圧熱エンジンの膜面積あたりの出力が、少なくとも150W/m2である、請求項9に記載の浸透圧熱エンジン。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US85824506P | 2006-11-09 | 2006-11-09 | |
US60/858,245 | 2006-11-09 | ||
PCT/US2007/023541 WO2008060435A2 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2007-11-08 | Osmotic heat engine |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2010509540A JP2010509540A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
JP2010509540A5 JP2010509540A5 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
JP5160552B2 true JP5160552B2 (ja) | 2013-03-13 |
Family
ID=39402194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009536297A Expired - Fee Related JP5160552B2 (ja) | 2006-11-09 | 2007-11-08 | 浸透圧熱エンジン |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20100024423A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2083937B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5160552B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090086246A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101573173B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007319995B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0718601A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2668720A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2562603T3 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL198579A (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2009004911A (ja) |
SG (1) | SG190456A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008060435A2 (ja) |
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IL198579A0 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
JP2010509540A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
SG190456A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
CN101573173B (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
US20100024423A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
IL198579A (en) | 2013-06-27 |
KR20090086246A (ko) | 2009-08-11 |
AU2007319995A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
EP2083937A2 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
CN101573173A (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
EP2083937A4 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
MX2009004911A (es) | 2009-07-07 |
US9115701B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
ES2562603T3 (es) | 2016-03-07 |
AU2007319995B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
WO2008060435A2 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
WO2008060435A3 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
BRPI0718601A2 (pt) | 2013-12-17 |
EP2083937B1 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
CA2668720A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
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