WO2016182518A2 - An electric generator - Google Patents

An electric generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016182518A2
WO2016182518A2 PCT/TR2016/000065 TR2016000065W WO2016182518A2 WO 2016182518 A2 WO2016182518 A2 WO 2016182518A2 TR 2016000065 W TR2016000065 W TR 2016000065W WO 2016182518 A2 WO2016182518 A2 WO 2016182518A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
boiling point
absorbing
solution
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2016/000065
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2016182518A3 (en
Inventor
Hasan Ayarturk
Original Assignee
Hasan Ayarturk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hasan Ayarturk filed Critical Hasan Ayarturk
Priority to JP2017557898A priority Critical patent/JP2018524958A/en
Publication of WO2016182518A2 publication Critical patent/WO2016182518A2/en
Publication of WO2016182518A3 publication Critical patent/WO2016182518A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0015—Heat and mass exchangers, e.g. with permeable walls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical generators producing electricity with any heat source.
  • thermoelectric generators could be operated alone at high temperature differences up to 7% yield.
  • the electricity generating systems with RO technology was requiring a continuous source of salty water or a constant consumption of salt brine. For this reason they could work efficiently by establishment of facilities at sea and river joints.
  • JPS60179103 numbered Japanese patent document was referring to a process and apparatus developed for the concentration of the aqueous solution and heat recovery. Invention was recovering the thermal energy at high and low temperatures without using heat by utilizing a membrane for the concentration of a solution proving transfer of vapor but blocking fluid passage.
  • a semi-permeable membrane I (2) was located between two solutions having different boiling points, one was having water-absorbing capability. While the water was evaporating from the low boiling point solution (4) the temperature of the water-absorbing capable high- boiling point solution (3) risen by absorbing the water vapor. As per the principles of osmosis heat transfer and water transfer were realized between the two solutions. The evaporated water was expanded and liquefied in the condenser (7) than was evaporated by the reduced pressure again. The high pressure condensing heat was transferred to the evaporating water at reduced pressure. In order to prevent irreversibly increasing heat blocking the system, some heat released to the environment.
  • Evaporation at low pressure was drawing heat from ambient temperature or from the upgraded medium at elevated temperature raised by any heat source.
  • Water vapor transferred to the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) and condensed after mixing with the solution in the steam chamber (13).
  • the cycle was completed after transferring water from the water- absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3), to the solution not having water-absorbing capability (4) featuring lower boiling point at the same pressure.
  • the electricity was produced at the thermoelectric generator (18) by the heat transfer from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) to low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) through thermoelectric generator (18).
  • Generated electricity was converted to the required electrical voltage output (21) was provided by the converter and inverter circuits (20).
  • FIG. 1 Schematic view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention.
  • Figure 2 Design view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention.
  • FIG. 1 View of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention inclusive waste heat recovery module.
  • FIG. 1 Design view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention inclusive the fuel operated combustion module.
  • FIG. 1 Design view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention inclusive waste heat recovery module.
  • At least one steam chamber (6) For the removal of heat from the water vapor and converting the vapor phase into the liquid phase, at least one condenser (7),
  • thermoelectric generator (22) For the electricity generation from the heat discharged to the environment preferably plate thermoelectric generator (22),
  • thermoelectric generators At least one heat transfer surface (24), - Preferably in the form of hot air or hot gas heat recovery modules (25),
  • Spraying from the wall preferably gas fuel or hot air - hot gas waste heat by Coanda principle enabling suction of air from environment the wall jet outlet (28),
  • the air suction nozzle (29) Preferably from environment for the air suction, the air suction nozzle (29),
  • liquid fuel reservoir (32) Preferably, the liquid fuel reservoir (32),
  • the ignition module (33) Preferably the ignition module (33),
  • One semi -permeable membrane I (2) was provided in the static electricity generator (1) that can operate at high efficiency at low temperature difference between two boiling point different solutions one having the water-absorbing capability.
  • the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) is entering from the bottom portion of the semi-permeable membrane I (2), and is located at the solution inlet of the membrane in the interior (36).
  • Membrane water passage (37) will be from the wall towards outward.
  • the interior was composed of nano-filtration ceramic membrane layer (34) and osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer (35). In the interior temperature resistant ceramic membrane layer (34) was used to tamper the temperature and concentration of the water-absorbing capable high- boiling point solution (3).
  • the ceramic nano-filtration membranes could work at this temperature and intense solution environment up to a maximum of nano- filtration filtering capacity, osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer (35) was used at the exterior.
  • the temperature level of the low boiling point at the same pressure non-absorbing water solution (4) was suitable to working temperature of polymer membrane produced at the known technology. Water passage from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) was occurring outwardly (37) therefore exterior solution density was having no importance.
  • the solution formed by the solubility of NaCl (sodium chloride), KC1 (potassium chloride); like salts in water does not have the water absorbing capability but increasing ionization ratio of water; therefore water evaporates from the low boiling point at the same pressure non-absorbing water solution (4) and heated up to the boiling point. Evaporated water passes to the condenser (7) and transfers its heat to the evaporating water at low temperatures through the heating and water circulation pipes (10) than condenses.
  • Liquid water expands by passing through the semi-permeable membrane I (2) or expansion (membrane/valve) element (9) and evaporates again under reduced pressure at low temperature.
  • An amount of heat is extracted to the environment through the surface extension plates (8) to prevent blocking of the system due to the irreversibility.
  • plate thermoelectric generator (22) is placed on the surface extension plates (8) and some amount of electricity is produced from the waste heat discharged to the environment. As it is lower than the ambient evaporation temperature or elevated ambient temperature by any heat source; the heat is removed externally by the extended surface or extended surface spiral/helical plates (12).
  • the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) moves to the water vapor chamber (13) than condenses after mixing the sprayed solution from the spray nozzle (16).
  • the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) by a static pressurization method as electrocapiller method or piezoelectric pressurizer (17) rises in the capillary tubes (14) and sprayed by the piezoelectric or any atomizer (15) onto the water vapor.
  • the temperature of water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) rises just below the boiling point of the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) by releasing condensation heat of condensing water vapor in it. And the temperature of the low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) at the same pressure increases above the boiling point. And water transfer and heat transfer to the low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) starts. By this way the cycle completes.
  • thermoelectric generator (18) The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3), evaporating at a low temperature water cylindrical thermoelectric generator (18) passed through the cylindrical heat with thermoelectric generators (18) is produced by electrical.
  • thermoelectric generator (18) The electricity is produced at the thermoelectric generator (18) by the heat transfer from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) to low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) through thermoelectric generator (18).
  • the electricity is generated from the waste heat extracted into the environment via the plate thermoelectric generators (22) and from internal heat transfer surfaces (24).
  • the voltage output is converted to the required electrical output (21) carried through the converter and inverter circuits (20) by electrical bars (19) and reducing into usable voltage level, and converting from direct current to alternating current as per the needs.
  • USB outlet USB outlet
  • car cigarette lighter, clips, connection bar or at least one electrical output (21) system electricity is used. It is possible inclusion of waste heat recovery module (25) into the system producing electricity by using evaporating hot water when throttling hot gas or hot air evaporating hot water.
  • Mixing temperature can be reduced just above low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) by connecting to the waste hot air-gas inlet connection (26), and spraying from the wall preferably gas fuel or hot air - hot gas waste heat by Coanda principle enabling suction of air from environment the wall jet outlet (28) and mixing air from the air suction nozzle (29) hence more productive system operation can be provided.
  • the air - gas inlet connection (26) When the air - gas inlet connection (26) is connected at the ambient temperature reduced the pressured hot water will be evaporated, the throttled evaporating water vapor increases the ambient temperature after mixing with the air intake.
  • the air-gas inlet connection (26) evaluating the amount of the mixture at ambient temperature with a temperature adjusted by an electronically controlled or manually controlled waste heat regulating valve (27). Gas-air mixture follows the long distance surface temperature expander/helical plates (12), and after removal of heat than leaves through the exhaust (30).
  • gas inlet through the air - gas inlet connection (26), and its pressure is adjusted by electronically or manually controlled waste heat control valve (27) and sprayed from the wall spray outlet (28) by pressure at an amount and suction of air is provided accordingly.
  • Gas is ignited by the ignition module for the gas-air mixture (33) and fuel is mixed with more air than air suction and ensured is burned completely and effectively. If the temperature is below the condensation temperature of water vapor in the fuel, combustion efficiency can be improved above 100% by condensing in the known technique. Likewise, flue gases follows the long distance surface temperature expander/helical plates (12), and after removal of heat than leaves through the exhaust (30).
  • liquid fuel is used; the liquid fuel tank (32) and the piezoelectric type liquid fuel pressurization pump and preferably a static liquid fuel atomizer (15) is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

In static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference (1) a semi-permeable membrane I (2) was located between two solutions having different boiling points, one was having water-absorbing capability. While the water was evaporating from the low boiling point solution (4) the temperature of the water-absorbing capable high- boiling point solution (3) risen by absorbing the water vapor. Heat transfer (5) and water transfer (2) as per the principles of osmosis were realized between the two solutions. The evaporated water (6) was expanded and liquefied in the condenser (7) than was evaporated by the reduced pressure again (11). The high pressure condensing heat was transferred to the evaporating water at reduced pressure (10). In order to prevent irreversibly increasing heat blocking the system, some heat released to the environment (8). Evaporation at low pressure was drawing heat from ambient temperature or from the upgraded medium at elevated temperature raised by any heat source (12). Water vapor transferred to the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) and condensed (16) after mixing with the solution (13). From the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3), to the solution not having water-absorbing capability featuring lower boiling point at the same pressure, heat transfer (5) and water transfer (1) as per the principles of osmosis were realized and the cycle was completed. The electricity was produced at the thermoelectric generator (18) by the heat transferred (12) from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) to low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) through thermoelectric generator (18). Generated electricity was converted to the required electrical voltage output by the converter and inverter circuits (20) and usable electricity (21) was produced from the outlet.

Description

AN ELECTRIC GENERATOR
Technical Field
This invention relates to electrical generators producing electricity with any heat source. Prior Technology
In the prior electricity generation technology; there were electric generators powered by steam cycle, mechanical electrical generators running with any type of mechanical drive, thermoelectric generators capable of producing electricity by heat, RO technique power generating systems through the fresh water - salt water solutions having concentration differences. The prior technique was composed off electric generator steam evaporator, turbine, condenser and pump. The pressurized water with the pump was increasing the specific volume by evaporation with heat pump and high pressure with high specific volume steam power was converted into mechanical power by the pressure difference in the turbines. Thermal efficiency is calculated by the rate of heat given off the mechanical efficiency, The Total yield is calculated by the products of thermal efficiency, isentropic efficiency, mechanical efficiency and electrical efficiency.
W mechanical
Thermal
' input
^ Thermal ^ Isentropic ^ Mechanical X ^ Electrical
In the prior technique mechanical electrical generators working with any mechanical drive could transform about 20 % of heat energy into electric energy. They could only be operated with the fuel they have designed for. They could not be operated with hot water and hot air generated from the renewable resources. Their noise level was high. In the prior technique thermoelectric generators could be operated alone at high temperature differences up to 7% yield. In the prior technique the electricity generating systems with RO technology was requiring a continuous source of salty water or a constant consumption of salt brine. For this reason they could work efficiently by establishment of facilities at sea and river joints. JPS60179103 numbered Japanese patent document was referring to a process and apparatus developed for the concentration of the aqueous solution and heat recovery. Invention was recovering the thermal energy at high and low temperatures without using heat by utilizing a membrane for the concentration of a solution proving transfer of vapor but blocking fluid passage.
Figure imgf000003_0001
Figurel. JPS60179103 numbered Japanese Patent Document Drawing. CN 103670791 numbered Chinese patent document was referring to a combination, developed for waste heat recovery, which was comprised of cooling, heating and power supply systems. The inventive system was having a gas engine diverting the primary flue gas exit and secondary flue gas pipeline. The primary flue gas was creating the temperature difference required for the thermoelectric power generator cycle. Secondary line was connected with the flue gas pipeline of the lithium bromide absorption heat pump. Lithium bromide heat pump was providing double effect during the heating and cooling performance of the flue gas of the secondary pipeline. Recovered waste heat by the subject invention was converting the heat energy of high temperature flue gases into the electrical energy.
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1— E6
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Summary of the invention
In static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference (1) a semi-permeable membrane I (2) was located between two solutions having different boiling points, one was having water-absorbing capability. While the water was evaporating from the low boiling point solution (4) the temperature of the water-absorbing capable high- boiling point solution (3) risen by absorbing the water vapor. As per the principles of osmosis heat transfer and water transfer were realized between the two solutions. The evaporated water was expanded and liquefied in the condenser (7) than was evaporated by the reduced pressure again. The high pressure condensing heat was transferred to the evaporating water at reduced pressure. In order to prevent irreversibly increasing heat blocking the system, some heat released to the environment. Evaporation at low pressure was drawing heat from ambient temperature or from the upgraded medium at elevated temperature raised by any heat source. Water vapor transferred to the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) and condensed after mixing with the solution in the steam chamber (13). The cycle was completed after transferring water from the water- absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3), to the solution not having water-absorbing capability (4) featuring lower boiling point at the same pressure. The electricity was produced at the thermoelectric generator (18) by the heat transfer from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) to low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) through thermoelectric generator (18). Generated electricity was converted to the required electrical voltage output (21) was provided by the converter and inverter circuits (20).
Detailed description of the invention
The enclosed Figures were describing the static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference;
Figure 1. Schematic view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention.
Figure 2. Design view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention.
Figure 3. View of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention inclusive waste heat recovery module.
Figure 4. Design view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention inclusive the fuel operated combustion module.
Figure 5. The semi-permeable membrane details and working principle.
Figure 6. Design view of high efficient static electricity generator operating at low temperature differences invention inclusive waste heat recovery module.
The parts are numbered in the Figures and their corresponding terms are given below
1. High efficient static electricity generator (low temperature differences)
2. Semi-permeable membrane I
3. High boiling point solution (featuring water-absorption capability)
4. Low boiling point solution (not featuring water-absorption capability at the same pressure)
5. Water transfer surface I
6. Water vapor chamber
7. Condenser
8. Surface extension plate
9. Expansion (membrane/valve) element
10. Heating rod (heat pipes) and water circulation pipes
11. Water vapor chamber
12. Surface expander/helical plate
13. Water vapor chamber 14. Capillary Tubes
15. Atomizer
16. The spray nozzle
17. Static fluid pressurizer
18. Cylindrical thermoelectric generator
19. Electrical connection bus
20. The converter and inverter circuit
21. Electrical output
22. Plate thermoelectric generator
23. The semi-permeable membrane II
24. Heat transfer surface II
25. Waste heat recovery module
26. Air - Gas inlet nozzle
27. Waste heat control valve
28. The wall jet outlet
29. The air intake nozzle
30. Exhaust
31. Combustion Module
32. Liquid Fuel Tank
33. Ignition module
34. Nano-filtration ceramic membrane layer
35. Osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer
36. Membrane solution inlet
37. Membrane water passage
Invention of the static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference (1);
- In two aqueous solutions of different densities; from less concentrated environment, to more concentrated environment, according to the osmosis principle, capable of water passage function, having at least one polymer and/or ceramic osmosis semipermeable membrane I (2), - Featuring water absorbing, formed by the solution of salts as LiBr, LiCl, CaC12 in water, having at least one kind of the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3),
- Formed by solution of salts in water as NaCl (sodium chloride), KC1 (potassium chloride); which does not have water absorbing capability but was increasing ionization ratio of water; at the same pressure less boiling point solution (4),
- From the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) to low temperature low boiling point at the same pressure non-absorbing water solution (4) proving heat transfer at least one heat transfer surface I (5),
- For the vapor evaporating from lower boiling point solution (4) does not having water absorbing capability at the same pressure, at least one steam chamber (6), For the removal of heat from the water vapor and converting the vapor phase into the liquid phase, at least one condenser (7),
- Used for discharging the heat of water vapor to the medium; at least one surface extender plate (8),
- Used for expanding the treated water in the liquid phase at least one semi-permeable expansion membrane/valve (9),
- Conducting condensation temperature of condensing water at high pressure, to low pressure evaporating water and transferring waste heat to evaporating water having circulating water in it at least one heating rod and the circulation pipe (10),
- For the evaporates at low pressure at least one steam chamber (1 1),
- Providing external heat removal at least one system expander/helical plate (12), For the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) side at least one steam chamber (13),
- At least one capillary tube (14),
- Allowing sprayed water vapor from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) at least one piezoelectric or any atomizer (15),
Spraying the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) at least one spray nozzle (16), - To raise the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) in the capillary tube (14), pressurizing the solution by electrocapiUer effect or piezoelectric pump at least one static fluid pressurizer (17),
- Transmitting generated electricity from the cylindrical thermoelectric generator (18) to the converter and inverter circuit (20) at least one electrical connection bar (19),
- Converting electrical voltage and alternating current to direct current in case of changing needs at least one converter and inverter circuit (20)
- For the use of electricity having at least one outlet, USB outlet, car cigarette lighter, clips, connection bar or at least one electrical output (21),
- For the electricity generation from the heat discharged to the environment preferably plate thermoelectric generator (22),
Preventing uncontrolled mixing of water vapor with LiBr when tilting and vibration situations at least one semi-permeable membrane II (23),
Via cylindrical thermoelectric generators (18) at least one heat transfer surface (24), - Preferably in the form of hot air or hot gas heat recovery modules (25),
When throttling preferably hot gas or hot air evaporating hot water, natural gas or LPG air-gas inlet connection (26),
Preferably electrical or manual one fuel - waste heat control valve (27),
Spraying from the wall preferably gas fuel or hot air - hot gas waste heat by Coanda principle enabling suction of air from environment the wall jet outlet (28),
Preferably from environment for the air suction, the air suction nozzle (29),
- Dumping preferably hot air - hot gas or combustion gases mixture to the
environment by the exhaust (30),
Preferable combustion module (31),
- Preferably, the liquid fuel reservoir (32),
- Preferably the ignition module (33),
Comprised from the above mentioned elements. One semi -permeable membrane I (2) was provided in the static electricity generator (1) that can operate at high efficiency at low temperature difference between two boiling point different solutions one having the water-absorbing capability. The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) is entering from the bottom portion of the semi-permeable membrane I (2), and is located at the solution inlet of the membrane in the interior (36). Membrane water passage (37) will be from the wall towards outward. The interior was composed of nano-filtration ceramic membrane layer (34) and osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer (35). In the interior temperature resistant ceramic membrane layer (34) was used to tamper the temperature and concentration of the water-absorbing capable high- boiling point solution (3). In the known techniques, the ceramic nano-filtration membranes could work at this temperature and intense solution environment up to a maximum of nano- filtration filtering capacity, osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer (35) was used at the exterior. The temperature level of the low boiling point at the same pressure non-absorbing water solution (4) was suitable to working temperature of polymer membrane produced at the known technology. Water passage from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) was occurring outwardly (37) therefore exterior solution density was having no importance.
The solution formed by the solubility of NaCl (sodium chloride), KC1 (potassium chloride); like salts in water does not have the water absorbing capability but increasing ionization ratio of water; therefore water evaporates from the low boiling point at the same pressure non-absorbing water solution (4) and heated up to the boiling point. Evaporated water passes to the condenser (7) and transfers its heat to the evaporating water at low temperatures through the heating and water circulation pipes (10) than condenses.
Liquid water expands by passing through the semi-permeable membrane I (2) or expansion (membrane/valve) element (9) and evaporates again under reduced pressure at low temperature. An amount of heat is extracted to the environment through the surface extension plates (8) to prevent blocking of the system due to the irreversibility. Preferably, plate thermoelectric generator (22) is placed on the surface extension plates (8) and some amount of electricity is produced from the waste heat discharged to the environment. As it is lower than the ambient evaporation temperature or elevated ambient temperature by any heat source; the heat is removed externally by the extended surface or extended surface spiral/helical plates (12).
The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) moves to the water vapor chamber (13) than condenses after mixing the sprayed solution from the spray nozzle (16). The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) by a static pressurization method as electrocapiller method or piezoelectric pressurizer (17) rises in the capillary tubes (14) and sprayed by the piezoelectric or any atomizer (15) onto the water vapor.
The temperature of water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) rises just below the boiling point of the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) by releasing condensation heat of condensing water vapor in it. And the temperature of the low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) at the same pressure increases above the boiling point. And water transfer and heat transfer to the low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) starts. By this way the cycle completes.
The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3), evaporating at a low temperature water cylindrical thermoelectric generator (18) passed through the cylindrical heat with thermoelectric generators (18) is produced by electrical.
The electricity is produced at the thermoelectric generator (18) by the heat transfer from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) to low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) through thermoelectric generator (18). The electricity is generated from the waste heat extracted into the environment via the plate thermoelectric generators (22) and from internal heat transfer surfaces (24). Than the voltage output is converted to the required electrical output (21) carried through the converter and inverter circuits (20) by electrical bars (19) and reducing into usable voltage level, and converting from direct current to alternating current as per the needs. By having at least one outlet, USB outlet, car cigarette lighter, clips, connection bar or at least one electrical output (21), system electricity is used. It is possible inclusion of waste heat recovery module (25) into the system producing electricity by using evaporating hot water when throttling hot gas or hot air evaporating hot water.
Mixing temperature can be reduced just above low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) by connecting to the waste hot air-gas inlet connection (26), and spraying from the wall preferably gas fuel or hot air - hot gas waste heat by Coanda principle enabling suction of air from environment the wall jet outlet (28) and mixing air from the air suction nozzle (29) hence more productive system operation can be provided.
When the air - gas inlet connection (26) is connected at the ambient temperature reduced the pressured hot water will be evaporated, the throttled evaporating water vapor increases the ambient temperature after mixing with the air intake. The air-gas inlet connection (26) evaluating the amount of the mixture at ambient temperature with a temperature adjusted by an electronically controlled or manually controlled waste heat regulating valve (27). Gas-air mixture follows the long distance surface temperature expander/helical plates (12), and after removal of heat than leaves through the exhaust (30).
When evaporated hot water is used, the evaporating temperature of the mixture and falling temperatures due to the heat absorbed by the water vapor condenses and heat is efficiently withdrawn from the mixture. It is possible to operate the system with gas or liquid fuel system (31).
If it is operated with natural gas or LPG, or propane type of fuel, gas inlet through the air - gas inlet connection (26), and its pressure is adjusted by electronically or manually controlled waste heat control valve (27) and sprayed from the wall spray outlet (28) by pressure at an amount and suction of air is provided accordingly.
Gas is ignited by the ignition module for the gas-air mixture (33) and fuel is mixed with more air than air suction and ensured is burned completely and effectively. If the temperature is below the condensation temperature of water vapor in the fuel, combustion efficiency can be improved above 100% by condensing in the known technique. Likewise, flue gases follows the long distance surface temperature expander/helical plates (12), and after removal of heat than leaves through the exhaust (30).
If liquid fuel is used; the liquid fuel tank (32) and the piezoelectric type liquid fuel pressurization pump and preferably a static liquid fuel atomizer (15) is used.

Claims

Having one semi-permeable membrane I (2) provided between two solutions having different boiling points one having water-absorbing capability, entering from the bottom portion of the semi-permeable membrane I (2) of the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3), located the solution inlet of the membrane in the interior (36), Membrane water passage (37) from the wall towards outward. Internally was composed of nano-filtration ceramic membrane layer (34) and osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer. Formed by the solubility of NaCl (sodium chloride), KC1 (potassium chloride); like salts in water solution does not having the water absorbing capability but increased ionization ratio of water; as low boiling point non-absorbing water solution at the same pressure (4) was heating up to its boiling point evaporates the water, evaporated water The evaporated water was expanding and liquefying in the condenser (7) due to lower temperature and pressure by transferring through heating rods and the circulation pipes (10), than liquid water is passing through semi-permeable plate expansion membrane/valve (9) and expands and evaporates by the reduced pressure and lower temperature again. In order to prevent irreversibly by increasing heat blocking the system, discharging the heat of water vapor to the medium; surface extender plates (8). Preferably, generating some electricity from the heat of waste discharged into the environment by placing thermoelectric generators (22) on the surface extender plates (8). As it is lower than the ambient evaporation temperature or elevated ambient temperature by any heat source; the heat is removed externally by the extended surface or extended surface spiral/helical plates (12). The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) moves to the water vapor chamber (13) than condenses after mixing the sprayed solution from the spray nozzle (16). The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) by a static pressurization method as electrocapiller method or piezoelectric pressurizer (17) rises in the capillary tubes (14) and sprayed by the piezoelectric or any atomizer (15) onto the water vapor. The temperature of water- absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) rises just below the boiling point of the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) by releasing condensation heat of condensing water vapor in it. And the temperature of the low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) at the same pressure increases above the boiling point. And water transfer and heat transfer to the low boiling point non- absorbing water solution (4) starts. By this way the cycle completes. The water- absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3), evaporating at a low temperature water cylindrical thermoelectric generator (18) passed through the cylindrical heat with thermoelectric generators (18). The electricity is produced at the thermoelectric generator (18) by the heat transfer from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) to low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) through thermoelectric generator (18). The electricity is generated from the waste heat extracted into the environment via the plate thermoelectric generators (22) and from internal heat transfer surfaces (24). Than the voltage output is converted to the required electrical output (21) carried through the converter and inverter circuits (20) by electrical bars (19) and reducing into usable voltage level, and converting from direct current to alternating current as per the needs. By having at least one outlet, USB outlet, car cigarette lighter, clips, connection bar or at least one electrical output (21), system electricity is used. This was characterized as above; a static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference (1).
As it was explained in Claim 1 the used semi-permeable membrane I (2) was provided in the static electricity generator (1) that can operate at high efficiency at low temperature difference between two boiling point different solutions one having the water-absorbing capability. The water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) is entering from the bottom portion of the semi-permeable membrane I (2), and is located at the solution inlet of the membrane in the interior (36). Membrane water passage (37) will be from the wall towards outward. The interior was composed of nano-filtration ceramic membrane layer (34) and osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer (35). In the interior temperature resistant ceramic membrane layer (34) was used to tamper the temperature and concentration of the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3). In the known techniques, the ceramic nano-filtration membranes could work at this temperature and intense solution environment up to a maximum of nano-filtration filtering capacity, osmosis filtration polymer membrane layer (35) was used at the exterior. The temperature level of the low boiling point at the same pressure non-absorbing water solution (4) was suitable to working temperature of polymer membrane produced at the known technology. Water passage from the water-absorbing capable high-boiling point solution (3) was occurring outwardly (37) therefore exterior solution density was having no importance. This was characterized as above; a static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference (1).
As described in Claim 1 for the system it is possible inclusion of waste heat recovery module (25) into the system producing electricity by using evaporating hot water when throttling hot gas or hot air evaporating hot water. Mixing temperature can be reduced just above low boiling point non-absorbing water solution (4) by connecting to the waste hot air-gas inlet connection (26), and spraying from the wall preferably gas fuel or hot air - hot gas waste heat by Coanda principle enabling suction of air from environment the wall jet outlet (28) and mixing air from the air suction nozzle (29) hence more productive system operation can be provided. When the air - gas inlet connection (26) is connected at the ambient temperature reduced the pressured hot water will be evaporated, the throttled evaporating water vapor increases the ambient temperature after mixing with the air intake. The air-gas inlet connection (26) evaluating the amount of the mixture at ambient temperature with a temperature adjusted by an electronically controlled or manually controlled waste heat regulating valve (27). Gas-air mixture follows the long distance surface temperature expander/helical plates (12), and after removal of heat than leaves through the exhaust (30). When evaporated hot water is used, the evaporating temperature of the mixture and falling temperatures due to the heat absorbed by the water vapor condenses and heat is efficiently withdrawn from the mixture. This was characterized as above; a static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference (1). As described in Claim 1 for the system it is possible to operate the system with gas or liquid fuel system (31). If it is operated with natural gas or LPG, or propane type of fuel, gas inlet through the air - gas inlet connection (26), and its pressure is adjusted by electronically or manually controlled waste heat control valve (27) and sprayed from the wall spray outlet (28) by pressure at an amount and suction of air is provided accordingly. Gas is ignited by the ignition module for the gas-air mixture (33) and fuel is mixed with more air than air suction and ensured is burned completely and effectively. If the temperature is below the condensation temperature of water vapor in the fuel, combustion efficiency can be improved above 100% by condensing in the known technique. Likewise, flue gases follows the long distance surface temperature expander/helical plates (12), and after removal of heat than leaves through the exhaust (30). If liquid fuel is used; the liquid fuel tank (32) and the piezoelectric type liquid fuel pressurization pump and preferably a static liquid fuel atomizer (15) is used. This was characterized as above; a static electricity generator operating at high efficiency at low temperature difference (1).
PCT/TR2016/000065 2015-05-12 2016-05-02 An electric generator WO2016182518A2 (en)

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