JP6031660B2 - 自己集合界面活性剤構造 - Google Patents
自己集合界面活性剤構造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6031660B2 JP6031660B2 JP2013511416A JP2013511416A JP6031660B2 JP 6031660 B2 JP6031660 B2 JP 6031660B2 JP 2013511416 A JP2013511416 A JP 2013511416A JP 2013511416 A JP2013511416 A JP 2013511416A JP 6031660 B2 JP6031660 B2 JP 6031660B2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007507 annealing of glass Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003876 biosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000800 cetrimonium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002575 chemical warfare agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMGXUWVIJIQANV-UHFFFAOYSA-M didecyl(dimethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC UMGXUWVIJIQANV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical class O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007755 gap coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002113 octoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009057 passive transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPTONYMQFTZPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamethoxydiazine Chemical compound N1=CC(OC)=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 GPTONYMQFTZPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- VIFIHLXNOOCGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl)silane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl VIFIHLXNOOCGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-LUPIJMBPSA-N valyl gramicidin a Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC=O)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C(=O)NCCO)=CNC2=C1 ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-LUPIJMBPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/122—Separate manufacturing of ultra-thin membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/106—Membranes in the pores of a support, e.g. polymerized in the pores or voids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
- B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
- B01D69/142—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes with "carriers"
- B01D69/144—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes with "carriers" containing embedded or bound biomolecules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/74—Natural macromolecular material or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/105—Support pretreatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04197—Preventing means for fuel crossover
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
本出願は、2010年5月21日付で出願された米国特許仮出願第61/347,317号(表題「階層的および/またはマルチスケール材料の物理的閉じ込めによる自己集合」)および2010年11月19日付で出願された米国特許仮出願第61/415,761号(表題「自立性階層的自己集合フィルム」)の出願の優先権および恩恵を主張する。明細書およびその請求の範囲は、参照することによって本明細書中に組み込まれる。
フラックス=P×(ΔP−Δπ)
(式中、ΔPは膜にかかる圧力であり、Δπは膜にかかる浸透圧であり、Pは膜透過性である)。膜の透過性は膜構造パラメータの関数である。構造パラメータは
明細書および請求の範囲全体にわたって用いられる場合、以下の用語は次のように定義される。
以下の方法を用いて、界面活性剤鋳造ゾル・ゲル薄フィルムの集合体のための表面を調製した。各材料を水、エタノール中でリンスし、次いでさらなる調製の前に乾燥した。全ての材料は使用前に水中で保管した。UV光源は、UVPから得られるオゾン産生ペンランプであった。
界面活性剤メソ構造を本発明の実施形態による分離のために用いることができる。界面活性剤メソ構造を用いた分離のための少なくとも3つの独立したメカニズムがある。第1の物は、メソ構造中の界面活性剤間の間隙を使用することを含む。間隙は、これらに限定される物ではないが、低ねじれ、調節可能な孔サイズ、調節可能な表面電荷、および非極性または極性孔のいずれかを含む、分離のためのいくつかの利点を有する。さらに、メソ構造中の界面活性剤の厚さは、制御が容易である。第2のメカニズムは、欠陥を通る分子輸送であり、薄フィルムにおける選択性を可能にする。これらの欠陥は、分子レベル(例えば、欠失分子または適合不良分子)および/または巨視的レベル(例えば、堆積中の湿潤不安定性に由来する)であり得る。第3のメカニズムは、界面活性剤メソ構造が形成中に溶媒を封入することにより孔自体を形成できることである。形成後、溶媒を除去して、輸送を可能にすることができるか、または、生物学における水ワイヤと同様に、残留して、輸送を可能にすることができる。本発明のこの実施形態は生物学的(例えば、細胞)膜によって着想されるが、好ましくは生体模倣型膜を含まない。なぜなら、本発明は自己集合界面活性剤薄フィルムを安定化させ、それらを装置と統合するために材料ナノサイエンスを必要とするからである。本発明のこの実施形態はまた、好ましくは界面活性剤鋳造ゾル・ゲル材料ではない。なぜなら、好ましくは、望ましいゾル・ゲル構造を作製するために界面活性剤を用いるよりもむしろ、化合物を分離するために界面活性剤メソ構造の物理的特性を使用するからである。換言すれば、本発明の実施形態は、好ましくは、安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造の構造を形成するために、界面活性剤を利用し、無機ゾル・ゲル構造、例えばシリカまたは二酸化チタンを利用しない。本発明の実施形態は、浸透作用を含むが、これに限定されない分離のための、脂質二重層を含むがこれに限定されない安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造を含む。
自己集合界面活性剤薄フィルムは、多孔性フィルム上で集合することが困難である。自己集合の課題は、秩序状態と無秩序状態との間のエネルギー差が最大でも約4.0〜5.0kcal/mol、つまり水素結合のエネルギーであることである。比較のために、炭素−炭素二重結合におけるパイ結合(多くのポリマー反応で用いられる結合)は、63.5kcal/molを含む。したがって、集合の熱力学における差異は、最終構造の形成の劇的に影響を及ぼす。例えば、3ケルビンは、生成エンタルピーの1パーセントである。さらなる課題は、材料が溶液相で集合されることである。これは、多孔性材料を使用する場合に課題を提示する。なぜなら、溶液が材料に浸透するからである。一旦溶液が多孔性媒体に浸透すると、界面活性剤の自己集合は破壊される可能性がある。本発明の実施形態は、界面活性剤中間相の集合体を局所化して、それらの破壊を防止する方法、表面を化学的に調製および/または修飾して、所望の材料上での界面活性剤中間相の作製を可能にする方法、ならびに界面活性剤中間相の集合体を可能にして、限定されるわけではないが分離を含むあらゆる用途のために望ましい構造および材料を作製する方法を含む。
本発明の実施形態は、好ましくは同時に、フィルム構造を鋳造し、フィルム集合をおこない、そして物理的閉じ込めに使用される表面と薄フィルムを集合させ、その結果、単一の独特な材料を得る、界面活性剤自己集合溶液の物理的閉じ込めを使用する。物理的閉じ込めに基づく自己集合の間、マルチスケール集合および階層的集合の両方が起こり得る。本発明の実施形態では、ナノ構造薄フィルム内でのナノスケールでの自己集合ならびにナノ構造薄フィルムおよび物理閉じ込めに用いられる表面(複数可)間でのマクロスケールでの自己集合などの、多くの集合スケールがあり得る。本発明の実施形態では、分子間集合(例えば、界面活性剤−界面活性剤集合)、分子集合(例えば、シリカ凝結)、材料集合(例えば、表面と集合する薄フィルム)、界面活性剤の溶媒との相互作用に基づく集合、および表面の自己集合溶液との相互作用に基づく集合を含む多くのレベルの集合があり得る。
本発明の実施形態は多層膜を含む。多層膜は、好ましくは、自己集合材料および支持体材料の交互ラメラ層である。1つの実施形態を図29に示す。2つの固体表面(A)は多孔性材料(B)および界面活性剤鋳造ゾル・ゲル自己集合溶液(C)の交互層を挟んでいた。特に、HI−PTFE膜を、H2O2ボイルTEOSによって調製し、18.2ΜΩの水中でリンスした。HI−PTFE膜の調製後、膜および400マイクロリットルのBSNS溶液の交互層を固体表面上で構築し、第1の最終層はH2O2ボイルTEOS HI−PTFE膜であった。3つのスタック膜を別の固体表面で挟み、室温で1時間以上乾燥し、次いで80℃で3時間以上乾燥した。結果として得られる膜を機械的バッキングにのり付けした。閉じ込めは、同時に、集合をおこない、そして結果としてのフィルムを物理的閉じ込め集合体と統合する。
表5は、10mol%のグラミシジン、トランスポーターを含む自立性BSNSについての計算値に対してNafion膜の選択性を比較する。Nafionについて列挙した値は、文献から得られる。BSNSについて列挙された値は、実験測定によってパラメータ化された計算に基づく。各脂質二重層のプロトンおよびメタノール伝導度は、それぞれ、単一チャネルグラミシジン伝導度測定および巨大なユニラメラベシクル(「GUV」)実験から得られたパラメータを用いてモデル化した。プロトン伝導度は、602.6S/cm2と測定され、メタノール透過性は、1.2×10−5cm/sec/二重層と測定された。BSNS等価回路は、ほぼ厚さ1ミクロンの材料と平行した100の脂質二重層の等価な回路であった。プロトン伝導度およびメタノール透過性を、脂質二重層の等価回路モデルによる層の総数で割った。このように、3つの値は、このBSNSを用いて構築された直接メタノール型燃料電池(DMFC)の性能の推定値を表す。典型的なDMFCにおける膜クロスオーバーは、アノードで3M〜4Mにメタノールを希釈する必要があり、燃料電池電力密度(Wcm−2)を約50%減少させる。しかし、前述のBSNSについて、本発明者等は、メタノール透過性の1733×の減少、および多価カチオン透過性対Nafionにおいて5.93×10−8の減少を予想する。結果として得られるDMFCは「ニート」なメタノールに対して約50%より効率的であり、効果があり得る。
Claims (34)
- 多孔性プラスチック支持体の官能化表面に結合した、安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造を含み、前記安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造が界面活性剤を含む、膜。
- 前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造が、界面活性剤分子の配列を保存する材料で安定化される、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記材料が多孔性であり、前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造が、前記多孔性材料を含むラメラと交互になったラメラを含む、請求項2に記載の膜。
- 前記材料が無孔性であり、前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造が、円状に配列した界面活性剤分子を含む六角形に充填されたカラムを含み、前記カラムのそれぞれが、実質的に前記無孔性材料によって囲まれている、請求項2に記載の膜。
- 前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造中の界面活性剤と前記官能化表面との間の水素結合ネットワークを保存するために、前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造と前記官能化表面との間に配置された材料をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記材料が、シラン、有機物、無機物、金属、金属酸化物、アルキルシラン、カルシウム、およびシリカからなる群から選択される材料を含む、請求項5に記載の膜。
- 前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造が前記官能化表面上に結合する前に、前記官能化表面が酸化され、融解し、そして再凝固した、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記再凝固した官能化表面での平均孔サイズが、前記多孔性プラスチック支持体のバルクの平均孔サイズよりも小さい、請求項7に記載の膜。
- 前記多孔性プラスチック支持体の孔サイズは、前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造に対する前駆体溶液が、安定化界面活性剤メソ構造の形成前に支持体を完全に透過することを防止するために十分小さい、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記多孔性プラスチック支持体を機械的にまたは化学的に安定化させるために、前記多孔性プラスチック支持体の前記官能化表面から反対の側上に配置されたさらなる多孔性構造をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造がトランスポーターを含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 第2の多孔性支持体をさらに含む請求項1に記載の膜であって、前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造が前記多孔性プラスチック支持体と前記第2の多孔性支持体との間に挟まれた、膜。
- 1.09未満のねじれを含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造が0.3オングストローム〜4nmの孔サイズを含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 1%より大きい多孔性を含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記多孔性プラスチック支持体がセルロースを含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記多孔性プラスチック支持体が前記安定化界面活性剤メソ構造を機械的に安定化する、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記多孔性プラスチック支持体の前記官能化表面から反対の側に結合した第2の安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 請求項1に記載の他の膜と積み重ね、それによって多層膜を形成する、請求項1に記載の膜。
- イオン交換膜および/またはガス拡散層を含み、前記膜が膜電極集合体または電解質を含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 膜を産生する方法であって、
多孔性プラスチック支持体の表面を官能化することと、
官能化された表面を第1溶媒で湿らせることと、
溶液を湿らせた表面上に配置することであって、前記溶液が少なくとも1つの界面活性剤および少なくとも1つの第2溶媒を含み、少なくとも1つの界面活性剤が溶液中の分散相中にある、配置することと、
溶液を2以上の閉じ込め面間に閉じ込めることと、
1以上の界面活性剤を安定化させて、多孔性プラスチック支持体の表面上に安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造を形成すること
とを含む、方法。 - 第1溶媒および/または第2溶媒が水を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 溶液が界面活性剤の安定化化学物質を形成する化学前駆体溶質および/またはトランスポーターをさらに含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 溶液の配置および閉じ込めが同時に実施される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 溶液の閉じ込めが、多孔性プラスチック支持体の官能化表面と少なくとも1つの第2の表面との間に溶液を閉じ込めることを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの第2の表面が、溝側壁、ローラー、および刃先からなる群から選択される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 大量生産コーティングプロセスの一部として実施される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造の厚さを制御することをさらに含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 溶液が、酸、塩基または親水性化合物を含まない、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの界面活性剤が、溶液が表面上に堆積された後に溶液から除去されない、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 多孔性プラスチック支持体の両面で実施される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 多層膜を形成するために繰り返される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 多孔性支持体がセルロースを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 第2の多孔性支持体を安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造の表面上に配置し、それによって、安定化された界面活性剤メソ構造を多孔性プラスチック支持体と第2の多孔性支持体との間に挟むことをさらに含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
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US20110284456A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
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