JP5128777B2 - 発電装置 - Google Patents
発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5128777B2 JP5128777B2 JP2006050121A JP2006050121A JP5128777B2 JP 5128777 B2 JP5128777 B2 JP 5128777B2 JP 2006050121 A JP2006050121 A JP 2006050121A JP 2006050121 A JP2006050121 A JP 2006050121A JP 5128777 B2 JP5128777 B2 JP 5128777B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021526 gadolinium-doped ceria Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002075 lanthanum strontium manganite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000968352 Scandia <hydrozoan> Species 0.000 description 1
- FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PACGUUNWTMTWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[La] Chemical compound [Sr].[La] PACGUUNWTMTWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001179 chromel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052963 cobaltite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);scandium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sc+3].[Sc+3] HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HLMWPKSHXZYKJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium cobalt(2+) dioxido(oxo)manganese lanthanum(3+) Chemical compound [Mn](=O)([O-])[O-].[Co+2].[Sr+2].[La+3] HLMWPKSHXZYKJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
電気学会・燃料電池発電次世代システム技術調査専門委員会編、「燃料電池の技術」、第1版第3刷、株式会社オーム社、平成17年1月15日、183頁ないし230頁等。
(発電装置の構成)
図1に示すように、発電装置10は、ガス流路11、セル本体20、2次発電手段30を有している。セル本体20はガス流路11に収容されて単室型の固体酸化物型燃料電池の一部を構成する。発電装置10では、燃料ガスと空気等を混合した混合燃料ガスが、セル本体20が発電を開始する温度以上(発電開始温度、例えば摂氏500度ないし1000度以上)に加熱されて、外部からガス流路11へと導入される。
セル本体20では、固体酸化物型電解質体21の一方の面には燃料極22が接合され、同じく他方の面には空気極23が接合されている。なおセル本体が発電する電力を外部に出力するために、燃料極22の固体酸化物型電解質体21と相対する面には燃料極電極24が接合され、また空気極23の固体酸化物型電解質体21と相対する面には空気極電極25が接合されている。そして燃料極電極24は導体24aで、空気極電極25は導体25aで、それぞれガス流路11の外部に接続されている。
固体酸化物型電解質体21は、例えば、8mol−YSZ(イットリア安定化ジルコニア)、5mol−YSZ、SDC(スカンジナドープドセリア)、GDC(ガドリウムドープドセリア)、またはScSZ(スカンジア安定化ジルコニア)等で形成することができる。燃料極22は、例えば、NiO+YSZ、NiO+SDC、NiO+GDC、LSCM(ランタンストロンチウムコバルトマンガナイト)、またはFeO3等で形成することができる。空気極23は、例えば、LSM(ランタンストロンチウムマンガナイト)やLSC(ランタンストロンチウムコバルタイト)等で形成することができる。
2次発電手段30は、P型熱電変換部材31とN型熱電変換部材32とを有しており、P型熱電変換部材31とN型熱電変換部材32との一端部側が燃料極電極24上において接続され(燃料極電極24を介して燃料極22に接して熱電対の高温側接点を形成し)、ガス流路11の外部に位置するP型熱電変換部材31の他の端部にはP部材電極31aが、同じくN型熱電変換部材32の他の端部にはN部材電極32aが接合されている。なおP型熱電変換部材31は例えばクロメル等を用いて形成でき、N型熱電変換部材32は例えばコンスタンタン等を用いて形成できる。
発電装置10では、外部から発電開始温度以上に加熱された混合燃料ガス(例えばCHx、COx、Air等を混合したガス)がガス流路11の図1中、左から右へと導入されると、セル本体20が発電開始温度以上の温度に加熱されて燃料電池として動作する。すなわち加熱されたセル本体20の空気極23では、燃焼排ガス中の空気(Air)で酸素イオン(O2−)が生成され、この酸素イオンは固体酸化物型電解質体21内を燃料極22に移動して、セル本体20が電力を発生する。また移動した酸素イオンは、燃料極22において燃焼排ガスに含まれるCHxやCOxと反応して、二酸化炭素(CO2)や水(H2O)を生成する。またP型熱電変換部材31とN型熱電変換部材32とは、混合燃料ガスが有する熱エネルギーと燃料極22における上記反応熱とで加熱されて、ゼーベック効果によって電力を発生する。かくして発電装置10は、単室型固体酸化物型燃料電池として電力を発生するとともに、ゼーベック効果で電力を発生することができるから、高い発電効率を得ることができる。
発電装置10cでは、2次発電手段30を構成するP型熱電変換部材31が直接空気極23に接合し、またN型熱電変換部材32が直接燃料極22に接合している。すなわち2次発電手段30のP型熱電変換部材31とN型熱電変換部材32とは、セル本体20を介して電気的に接続されている。
また混合燃料ガスとして、発電開始温度以上で排出される内燃機関や外燃機関の燃焼排ガスを使用すれば、セル本体が高温の燃焼排ガスで加熱されて電力を発生するとともに、燃焼排ガスの熱エネルギーと、燃料極と空気極との何れか一方もしくは双方における反応の熱で2次発電手段が電力を発生することができて、発電効率が向上する。また燃焼排ガスに含まれるCHxやCOxから二酸化炭素(CO2)や水(H2O)が生成されるから、燃焼排ガスを浄化することができる。したがって本発明にかかる発電装置を自動車などに適用すれば、燃焼排ガスを用いて発電することができて、燃費が向上するとともに、燃焼排ガスを浄化することができる。
20 セル本体
21 固体酸化物型電解質体
22 燃料極
23 空気極
24 燃料極電極
25 空気極電極
30 2次発電手段
31 P型熱電変換部材
32 N型熱電変換部材
Claims (2)
- 発電開始温度以上に加熱された混合燃料ガスが流動するガス流路内に配設され、電解質体と燃料極と空気極とを有する燃料電池セル本体と、
前記燃料極および空気極のうちの少なくとも一方に接合され、P型熱電変換部材とN型熱電変換部材とを有する2次発電手段と
を備えた発電装置において、
前記N型熱電変換部材は、一端が前記燃料極のみに接合され、他端を含む一部が前記ガス流路の外に位置して当該他端にN部材電極を有し、
前記P型熱電変換部材は、一端が前記空気極のみに接合され、他端を含む一部が前記ガス流路の外に位置して当該他端にP部材電極を有する
ことを特徴とする発電装置。 - 前記燃料電池セル本体は固体酸化物型燃料電池の一部を構成していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の発電装置。
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006050121A JP5128777B2 (ja) | 2006-02-27 | 2006-02-27 | 発電装置 |
CA2642498A CA2642498C (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-02-15 | Power generating apparatus |
KR1020087020199A KR101332996B1 (ko) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-02-15 | 발전장치 |
US12/224,148 US8288042B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-02-15 | Electric power generation device |
CN2007800148257A CN101432911B (zh) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-02-15 | 发电装置 |
PCT/JP2007/052754 WO2007105403A1 (ja) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-02-15 | 発電装置 |
EP07714284A EP1990853B1 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-02-15 | Power generating apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006050121A JP5128777B2 (ja) | 2006-02-27 | 2006-02-27 | 発電装置 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2007227306A JP2007227306A (ja) | 2007-09-06 |
JP2007227306A5 JP2007227306A5 (ja) | 2008-12-11 |
JP5128777B2 true JP5128777B2 (ja) | 2013-01-23 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2006050121A Active JP5128777B2 (ja) | 2006-02-27 | 2006-02-27 | 発電装置 |
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US (1) | US8288042B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1990853B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5128777B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101332996B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101432911B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2642498C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007105403A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5106944B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-06 | 2012-12-26 | 株式会社アツミテック | 発電装置 |
DE102009051949A1 (de) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-05-05 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Thermoelektrisches Generatorenmodul und abgasführendes Bauteil |
KR101179390B1 (ko) | 2010-06-23 | 2012-09-04 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템 |
US20110139204A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2011-06-16 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Energy conversion efficient thermoelectric power generator |
CN102024973A (zh) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-04-20 | 成都振中电气有限公司 | 固体氧化物燃料电池 |
JP4955830B1 (ja) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 固体酸化物形燃料電池 |
CN107681925A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-09 | 浙江大学 | 一种两级温差发电的余热利用装置 |
US20200136156A1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-04-30 | Phillips 66 Company | Thermoelectrically enhanced fuel cells |
US11777113B2 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2023-10-03 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Waste heat reclamation in a power generation system and method of operating a power generation system |
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2891268B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-08 | 1999-05-17 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 固体電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH04290073A (ja) * | 1991-03-19 | 1992-10-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | 画像データ圧縮装置 |
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JP2002141077A (ja) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-17 | Sony Corp | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池及び燃料電池スタック |
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JP2002313357A (ja) | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-25 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 単室型燃料電池 |
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US20060157102A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-07-20 | Showa Denko K.K. | Waste heat recovery system and thermoelectric conversion system |
US8039726B2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2011-10-18 | General Electric Company | Thermal transfer and power generation devices and methods of making the same |
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EP1990853B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
EP1990853A1 (en) | 2008-11-12 |
KR20080098036A (ko) | 2008-11-06 |
KR101332996B1 (ko) | 2013-11-25 |
CN101432911A (zh) | 2009-05-13 |
CN101432911B (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
WO2007105403A1 (ja) | 2007-09-20 |
CA2642498A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
US20090087691A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
JP2007227306A (ja) | 2007-09-06 |
EP1990853A4 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
US8288042B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
CA2642498C (en) | 2013-08-20 |
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