JP5096661B2 - ニッケル置換ならびに混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換酸化クロム組成物、それらの製造、ならびに触媒および触媒前駆物質としてのそれらの使用 - Google Patents
ニッケル置換ならびに混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換酸化クロム組成物、それらの製造、ならびに触媒および触媒前駆物質としてのそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5096661B2 JP5096661B2 JP2004529844A JP2004529844A JP5096661B2 JP 5096661 B2 JP5096661 B2 JP 5096661B2 JP 2004529844 A JP2004529844 A JP 2004529844A JP 2004529844 A JP2004529844 A JP 2004529844A JP 5096661 B2 JP5096661 B2 JP 5096661B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- nickel
- cobalt
- substituted
- ccl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 144
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- -1 nickel- and cobalt-substituted chromium oxide Chemical class 0.000 title description 10
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 title description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 256
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 163
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 108
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 84
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 132
- 125000006414 CCl Chemical group ClC* 0.000 description 124
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 70
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 33
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000005796 dehydrofluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002056 X-ray absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 12
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical class [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004773 chlorofluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(Cl)* 0.000 description 8
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 5
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical class [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YVOASHYXFVSAQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)F YVOASHYXFVSAQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JGZVUTYDEVUNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=C(O)C=C2OC2=CC(O)=C(Cl)C=C2C21OC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 JGZVUTYDEVUNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910014265 BrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine monochloride Chemical compound BrCl CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006115 defluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SFCFZNZZFJRHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-trichloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl SFCFZNZZFJRHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQZFYIGAYWLRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)Cl JQZFYIGAYWLRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKWAVXQSZLEURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)C(F)(F)F BKWAVXQSZLEURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- MOEHVXSVUJUROX-UHFFFAOYSA-M chromium(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Cr+3] MOEHVXSVUJUROX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000192 extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical class [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAMUEXIPKSRTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)Cl BAMUEXIPKSRTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISCYUDAHBJMFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C(Cl)Cl ISCYUDAHBJMFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSEUKVSKOHVLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl JSEUKVSKOHVLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)F BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPLWDQVQIWKMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoropropane Chemical class CCC(F)Cl OPLWDQVQIWKMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYNPRNNJJLRHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCC(CO)CO SYNPRNNJJLRHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJGXPVLCSICDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F KJGXPVLCSICDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021581 Cobalt(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004998 X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCWSNKLABDQTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O PCWSNKLABDQTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008422 chlorobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXTNPHLCOKUMDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium cobalt Chemical compound [Co][Cr][Co] AXTNPHLCOKUMDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021563 chromium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCMJBECJXQJLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(6+);oxygen(2-);difluoride Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[F-].[F-].[Cr+6] QCMJBECJXQJLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NXFVVSIQVKXUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) oxido(oxo)chromium Chemical compound [Co++].[O-][Cr]=O.[O-][Cr]=O NXFVVSIQVKXUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXAIFLKPKVPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XZXAIFLKPKVPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000001 cobalt(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002171 ethylene diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VFDYKPARTDCDCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloropropene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VFDYKPARTDCDCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000026045 iodination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006192 iodination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013080 microcrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DWAHIRJDCNGEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DWAHIRJDCNGEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004812 organic fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHMQWEPBXSHHLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur tetrafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)F QHMQWEPBXSHHLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000393 surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocobalt Chemical compound Cl[Co](Cl)Cl IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluorochromium Chemical compound F[Cr](F)F FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
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Description
ハロゲン化炭化水素化合物または不飽和炭化水素化合物のフッ素含有率を、上記の結晶質ニッケル置換α−酸化クロムまたは結晶質混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換α−酸化クロム、およびフッ素化剤で処理された前記置換α−酸化クロムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのクロム含有成分を含んでなる触媒組成物の存在下で、前記化合物を気相中でフッ化水素と反応させることによって増加させる方法が本発明に包含される。その触媒組成物は場合により、触媒の活性および選択性を変化させるための添加剤などの更なる成分を含有してもよい。
炭化水素化合物またはハロゲン化炭化水素化合物のフッ素含有率を、上記の結晶質ニッケル置換α−酸化クロム、上記の結晶質混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換α−酸化クロム、およびフッ素化剤で処理された前記置換α−酸化クロムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのクロム含有成分を含んでなる触媒組成物の存在下で、前記化合物を気相中でフッ化水素(HF)および塩素(Cl2)と反応させることによって増加させる方法が本発明に包含される。その触媒組成物は場合により、他の触媒として有効な金属など、更なる成分を含有してもよい。
上記の結晶質ニッケル置換α−酸化クロム、上記の結晶質混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換α−酸化クロム、およびフッ素化剤で処理された前記置換α−酸化クロムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのクロム含有成分を含んでなる触媒組成物の存在下で、前記ハロゲン化炭化水素化合物を異性化することによって、ハロゲン化炭化水素化合物におけるフッ素分布を変化させる方法が本発明に包含される。
上記の結晶質ニッケル置換α−酸化クロム、混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換α−酸化クロム、およびフッ素化剤で処理された前記置換α−酸化クロムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのクロム含有成分を含んでなる触媒組成物の存在下で、前記ハロゲン化炭化水素化合物を脱ヒドロフッ素化することによって、ハロゲン化炭化水素化合物のフッ素含有率を低減する方法が本発明に包含される。
上記の結晶質ニッケル置換α−酸化クロム、上記の混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換α−酸化クロム、およびフッ素化剤で処理された前記置換α−酸化クロムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのクロム含有成分を含んでなる触媒組成物の存在下で、前記ハロゲン化炭化水素化合物を気相中で塩化水素(HCl)と反応させることによって、ハロゲン化炭化水素化合物のフッ素含有率を低減する方法が本発明に包含される。
本明細書において開示される触媒を使用することによって得られた反応生成物のいくつかは、直接的な工業用途に望まれる特性を有するだろう。例えば、CH2F2(HF−32)、CHF2CF3(HFC−125)、CHF2CF3(HFC−125)、CH2FCHF2(HFC−134)、CF3CH2CF3(HFC−236fa)、およびCF3CH2CHF2(HFC−245fa)は、冷媒としての用途が見出され、CH2FCF3(HFC−134a)およびCF3CHFCF3(HFC−227ea)は、噴射剤としての用途が見出され、CH2FCHF2(HFC−134)およびCF3CH2CHF2(HFC−245fa)は、発泡剤としての用途が見出され、CHF2CF3(HFC−125)、CF3CH2CF3(HFC−236fa)、およびCF3CHFCF3(HFC−227ea)は、消火剤としての用途が見出される。
エネルギー分散型分光法(EDS)および透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)
これらの研究において、加速電圧200kVで操作され、かつSi(Li)元素検出器を備えたオックスフォード(Oxford)窓なしEDSシステムで構成されたフィリップス(Philips)CM−20高分解能透過型電子顕微鏡を使用して、クリスタリットを分析した。EDS分析において、試料の電子透過性の薄いセクションを用いて、蛍光など、試料の厚さの影響を最小限に抑えた。また、それらの原子質量が類似していることから、Cr、Co、およびNiのX線吸収断面は、同じであると想定した(ザルゼック(Zaluzec)によるIntroduction to Analytical Electron Microscopy、J.J.Hren、J.I.ゴールドステイン(Goldstein)およびD.C.ジョイ(Joy)編、(プレナム・プレス(Plenum Press)、ニューヨーク(New York)、1979)p.121〜167の記述を参照のこと)。図1、2、3、4および5のEDSにおける銅の存在は、TEMグリッドおよび顕微鏡におけるバックグラウンドのためである。
X−Ray Diffraction(アジソン−ウェスレイ(Addison−Wesley)、マサチューセッツ州リーディング(Reading,MA)、1969)でウォレン(Warren)により記述されている方法に従って、XRDデータを得て、分析した。XASデータは、最新フォトン源(Advanced Photon Source)、アルゴンヌ国立研究所(Argonne National Laboratory)のビームライン5BMD、DND−CATで得た。X−Ray Absorption:Principles,Applications,Techniques of EXAFS,SEXAFS and XANES(ジョン・ワイリー&サンズ(John Wiley & Sons)、ニューヨーク(New York)、1988)にコウニングスベルガー(Koningsberger)およびプリンス(Prins)により記述されている方法を用いて、XASデータを得て、分析した。Cr、Co、およびNiのKエッジについて、スペクトルを得た。Crエッジは透過幾何学(transmission geometry)で得られ、CoおよびNiエッジは、それらの濃度が低いことから蛍光モードで得られた。
製造実施例1
95%クロム/3%コバルト/2%ニッケル触媒の製造(過剰なNH4NO36.2当量;400℃)
脱イオン水1000mLに溶解してCr(NO3)3[9(H2O)](0.95モル)380.14g、Co(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.030モル)8.73g、およびNi(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.020モル)5.82gの溶液を製造した。その溶液を7.4M水酸化アンモニウム水溶液で処理することによってpH3.1からpH8.5に上げた。スラリーを室温にてpH8.5で21時間攪拌した。次いで、水500mLに溶解したNH4(NO3)(5.90モル)472.24gの溶液でその混合物を処理した。スラリーを室温で1時間攪拌し、次いで空気中で110〜120℃にて約96時間乾燥させた。乾燥させた固体を粉砕して粉末にし、次いで蓋付きるつぼに入れ、空気中で400℃にて24時間か焼した。
98%クロム/1%コバルト/1%ニッケル触媒の製造(550℃)
[Cr(NH3)6]Cl3](16.7755g、64.6ミリモル)、[Co(NH3)6]Cl3](0.1757g、0.657ミリモル)、およびNi(NO3)2[6H2O](0.1891g、0.650ミリモル)を脱イオン水に溶解した。次いで、沈殿が完了するまで、水酸化アンモニウム水溶液をその溶液に添加した。得られた沈殿物を濾過し、空気中で110℃にて12時間乾燥させた。得られた生成物をメノウ乳鉢で完全に粉砕し、次いで空気中で550℃にて12時間加熱した。
98%クロム/2%ニッケル触媒の製造(550℃)
[Cr(NH3)6]Cl3](16.7727g,64.38ミリモル)およびNi(NO3)2[6H2O](0.3783g,1.30ミリモル)を脱イオン水に溶解した。次いで、沈殿が完了するまで、水酸化アンモニウム水溶液をその溶液に添加した。得られた沈殿物を濾過し、空気中で110℃にて12時間乾燥させた。次いで、乾燥した生成物をメノウ乳鉢で完全に粉砕し、次いで空気中で550℃にて12時間加熱した。
98%クロム/2%ニッケル触媒の製造(550℃)
Cr(NO3)3[9(H2O)](50.5g,0.126モル)およびNi(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.816g,0.00280モル)を磁製るつぼに計り入れ、戸外で攪拌しながら共に融解した。分解するまで、その混合物を加熱した。次いで、得られた固体の一部を加熱炉内で550℃にて12時間か焼した。
98%クロム/2%ニッケル触媒の製造(900℃)
脱イオン水1Lに溶解したCr(NO3)3[9(H2O)](0.98モル)392.15gの溶液を、Ni(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.020モル)の1モル水溶液20mLで処理した。得られた溶液を7.4M水溶液225mL、滴下処理し;添加する間に、pHを1.96から8.53に上げた。スラリーを室温で24時間攪拌し、次いで空気中で110℃にて乾燥するまで蒸発させ、その温度で一晩維持した。乾燥した触媒を粉砕して粉末にし、空気中で900℃にて20時間か焼した。
95%クロム/5%ニッケル触媒の製造(900℃)
脱イオン水1Lに溶解したCr(NO3)3[9(H2O)](0.95モル)380.14gの溶液を、Ni(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.050モル)の1モル水溶液50mLで処理した。製造実施例5と同様に、触媒を水酸化アンモニウム水溶液で処理し、乾燥させ、か焼した。
98%クロム/2%ニッケル触媒の製造(400℃)
脱イオン水1.5Lに溶解したCr(NO3)3[9(H2O)](1.47モル)588.3gおよびNi(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.030モル)8.72gの溶液を、pHが8.5に達するまで7.4M水酸化アンモニウム水溶液で処理した。水酸化アンモニウムの添加に1.5時間かかった。スラリーを室温で24時間攪拌し;水酸化アンモニウムを時々添加して、pHを約8.5に維持した。次いで、その混合物を空気中で110℃にて乾燥するまで40時間にわたって蒸発させた。乾燥した触媒を粉砕して粉末にし、次いで空気中で400℃にて24時間か焼した。
95%クロム/5%ニッケル触媒の製造(400℃)
脱イオン水2Lに溶解したCr(NO3)3[9(H2O)](1.90モル)760.3gおよびNi(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.10モル)29.08gの溶液を用いて、製造実施例7の手順を繰り返した。水酸化アンモニウムを添加し、110℃で蒸発させた後に、固体を空気中で400℃にて24時間か焼した。
以下の一般手順は、使用される方法の実例である。質量選択的検出器を備えたガスクロマトグラフ(GC−MS)を用いて有機生成物を分析するために、全反応器流出液の一部をオンラインで試料採取した。不活性炭素担体上のクライトックス(Krytox)(登録商標)過フッ化ポリエーテルを含有する、長さ20フィート(6.1m)×直径1/8インチ(0.32cm)を有するガスクロマトグラフィーが達成された。ヘリウム流量は30mL/分(5.0×10−7m3/s)であった。ガスクロマトグラフ条件は、3分間の初期保持期間の間60℃であり、続いて速度6℃/分で温度を200℃に設定した。
製造実施例7に記載のように製造されたニッケル置換酸化クロム(Cr/Ni 98/2、400℃でか焼、29.6g、20mL、−12〜+20メッシュ(1.68〜0.84mm))を、流動砂浴中で加熱された直径5/8インチ(1.58cm)インコネル(Inconel)(商標)ニッケル合金反応反応器管に入れた。触媒を窒素フロー(50cc/分、8.3×10−7m3/s)中で88℃から175℃に、約40分にわたって加熱した。次いで、HFおよびN2を、それぞれ流量50cc/分(8.3×10−7m3/s)で反応器に共に供給した。1.8時間後、窒素フローを20cc/分(3.3×10−7m3/s)分に低減し、HFフローを80cc/分(1.3×10−6m3/s)に増加した。反応器の温度を1.6時間にわたって、徐々に247℃に上げ、次いで窒素(20cc/分、3.3×10−7m3/s)で一晩パージした。HF処理を流量80cc/分(1.3×10−6m3/s)で再開し、窒素を20cc/分(3.3×10−7m3/s)で共に供給した。温度を249℃から402℃に上げながら、これらのガスフローを1.8時間維持した。反応器の温度を402℃で0.5時間維持した。次いで、窒素フローを止め、HFとCFC−1213xaとのモル比20:1、接触時間15秒で、CFC−1213xaのフッ素化を300℃で開始した。これらの条件下で、反応器流出液は、CFC−1213xaの転化率100%でHCFC−226daはGC面積94.4%およびCFC−216aaは4.1%であった。次いで、塩素を反応器に共に供給した;HF:CFC−1213xa:Cl2のモル比は20:1:4であった。350℃での反応器の流出液の組成を以下に示す。
参照製造実施例8に記載のように製造されたニッケル置換酸化クロム(Cr/Ni95/5、400℃でか焼、29.2g、20mL、−12〜+20メッシュ(1.68〜0.84mm))を、流動砂浴中で加熱された直径5/8インチ(1.58cm)インコネル(Inconel)(商標)ニッケル合金反応反応器管に入れた。触媒を窒素フロー(50cc/分、8.3×10−7m3/s)中で68℃から176℃に、約1時間にわたって加熱した。次いで、HFおよびN2を、それぞれ流量50cc/分(8.3×10−7m3/s)で反応器に共に供給した。1.3時間後、窒素フローを20cc/分(3.3×10−7m3/s)分に低減し、HFフローを80cc/分(1.3×10−6m3/s)に増加した。反応器の温度を3.3時間にわたって、徐々に176℃から402℃に上げ、次いで400℃で0.5時間維持した。次いで、HFフローを止め、反応器を窒素でパージし、それを300℃に冷却した。HFとCFC−1213xaとのモル比20:1、接触時間15秒で、CFC−1213xaのフッ素化を300℃で開始した。これらの条件下で、反応器流出液は、CFC−1213xaの転化率100%でHCFC−226daはGC面積93.4%およびCFC−216aaは4.9%であった。次いで、塩素を反応器に共に供給した;HF:CFC−1213xa:Cl2のモル比は20:1:4(接触時間15秒)であった。350℃での反応器の流出液の組成を以下に示す。
製造実施例5に記載のように製造されたニッケル置換酸化クロム(Cr/Ni 98/2、900℃でか焼、40.27g、25mL、−12〜+20メッシュ(1.68〜0.84mm))を、流動砂浴中で加熱された直径5/8インチ(1.58cm)インコネル(Inconel)(商標)ニッケル合金反応反応器管に入れた。触媒を窒素フロー(50cc/分、8.3×10−7m3/s)中で57℃から175℃に、約1時間にわたって加熱した。次いで、HFおよびN2を、それぞれ流量50cc/分(8.3×10−7m3/s)で反応器に共に供給した。11分後、窒素フローを20cc/分(3.3×10−7m3/s)分に低減し、HFフローを80cc/分(1.3×10−6m3/s)に増加した。反応器の温度を2.7時間で徐々に400℃に上げ、次いで400℃でさらに1時間維持した。この時間の最後に、HFフローを止め、反応器を280℃に冷却し、窒素で一晩パージした。HF、CFC−1213xa、および塩素のモル比20:1:4、接触時間30秒で、CFC−1213xaのクロロフッ素化を280℃で開始した。340℃での反応器の流出液の組成を以下に示す。
参照製造実施例6に記載のように製造されたニッケル置換酸化クロム(Cr/Ni95/5、900℃でか焼、40.27g、25mL、−12〜+20メッシュ(1.68〜0.84mm))を、流動砂浴中で加熱された直径5/8インチ(1.58cm)インコネル(Inconel)(商標)ニッケル合金反応反応器管に入れた。触媒を窒素フロー(50cc/分、8.3×10−7m3/s)中で100℃にて40分間加熱した。次いで、HFおよびN2を、それぞれ流量50cc/分(8.3×10−7m3/s)で反応器に共に供給した。30分後、窒素フローを20cc/分(3.3×10−7m3/s)分に低減し、HFフローを80cc/分(1.3×10−6m3/s)に増加した。次いで、反応器の温度を5時間の間に徐々に401℃に上げた。この時間の最後に、HFフローを止め、反応器を280℃に冷却し、窒素で一晩パージした。モル比20:1:4、接触時間30秒で反応器に共に供給されるHF、CFC−1213xa、および塩素で、CFC−1213xaのクロロフッ素化を280℃で開始した。340℃での反応器の流出液の組成を以下に示す。
製造実施例1に記載のように製造された混合ニッケルおよびコバルト置換酸化クロム(Cr/Co/Ni 95/3/2、26.37g、19mL、−12〜+20メッシュ(1.68〜0.84mm))を、流動砂浴中で加熱された直径5/8インチ(1.58cm)インコネル(Inconel)(商標)ニッケル合金反応反応器管に入れた。触媒を窒素フロー(50cc/分、8.3×10−7m3/s)中で約1時間にわたって81℃から175℃に加熱した。次いで、HFおよびN2を、それぞれ流量50cc/分(8.3×10−7m3/s)で反応器に共に供給した。0.3時間後、窒素フローを20cc/分(3.3×10−7m3/s)分に低減し、HFフローを80cc/分(1.3×10−6m3/s)に増加した。反応器の温度を3.6時間の間に徐々に400℃に上げた。次いで、HFフローを止め、20sccm(3.3×10−7m3/s)窒素フロー下にて、反応器を298℃に冷却した。モル比20:1:4、接触時間15秒でそれぞれ反応器に共に供給されるHF、CFC−1213xa、および塩素で、CFC−1213xaのクロロフッ素化を300℃で開始した。320℃(モル供給比20:1:4)および375℃(モル供給比30:1:2)での反応器流出液のGC−MS分析を以下に示す。
Claims (6)
- α−酸化クロム格子におけるクロム原子の0.05原子%〜2原子%がニッケル原子によって置換されているか、または、α−酸化クロム格子におけるニッケル原子と三価コバルト原子との総量が6原子%以下であるという条件で、α−酸化クロム格子におけるクロム原子の0.05原子%〜2原子%がニッケル原子によって置換されかつα−酸化クロム格子におけるクロム原子がさらに三価コバルト原子によって置換された、炭化水素および/またはハロゲン化炭化水素におけるフッ素分布を変化させるための結晶質置換α−酸化クロム。
- 請求項1に記載の結晶質置換α−酸化クロムをクロム含有成分として含んでなる炭化水素および/またはハロゲン化炭化水素におけるフッ素分布を変化させるためのクロム含有触媒組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の結晶質置換α−酸化クロムをフッ素化剤で処理することによって製造されるクロム含有成分を含んでなる炭化水素および/またはハロゲン化炭化水素におけるフッ素分布を変化させるためのクロム含有触媒組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の結晶質置換α−酸化クロムおよびフッ素化剤で処理された請求項1に記載の結晶質置換α−酸化クロムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのクロム含有成分を含んでなる触媒組成物を触媒として使用することを特徴とする、触媒の存在下で炭化水素および/またはハロゲン化炭化水素におけるフッ素分布を変化させる方法。
- 不飽和炭化水素および/またはハロゲン化炭化水素のフッ素含有率が、前記触媒組成物の存在下で前記化合物を気相中でフッ化水素と反応させることによって増加される請求項4に記載の方法。
- (a)(i)溶液中にクロム1モル当たり硝酸塩を少なくとも3モル含有し、溶液中でニッケルとクロムとの総量に対して0.05モル%〜2モル%のニッケル濃度を有する、可溶性二価ニッケル塩と可溶性三価クロム塩との水溶液、または(ii)溶液中にクロム1モル当たり硝酸塩を少なくとも3モル含有し、溶液中でニッケルとクロムとコバルトとの
総量に対して0.05モル%〜2モル%のニッケル濃度を有し、かつ溶液中でニッケルとクロムとコバルトとの総量に対して6モル%以下のニッケルとコバルトとを合わせた濃度を有する、可溶性二価ニッケル塩と可溶性三価クロム塩と可溶性二価または三価コバルト塩との水溶液に、水酸化アンモニウムを添加することによって固体を共沈させ;クロム1モル当たりアンモニウムを少なくとも3モル、溶液に添加して沈殿を完了させた後に;
(b)(a)で形成された共沈固体を回収し;
(c)回収された固体を乾燥させ;そして
(d)その乾燥した固体を酸素の存在下でか焼する
ことを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の結晶質置換α−酸化クロムを含んでなる組成物の製造方法。
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FR2757085B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-13 | 1999-01-22 | Atochem Elf Sa | Catalyseurs massiques a base de chrome et de nickel pour la fluoration en phase gazeuse d'hydrocarbures halogenes |
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US7504358B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
EP1551551A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
DE60330789D1 (de) | 2010-02-11 |
AU2003265592A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
HK1083475A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 |
US20050227865A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
CN1678391A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
RU2005107802A (ru) | 2005-08-27 |
EP1551551B1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
CN100337743C (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
RU2318595C2 (ru) | 2008-03-10 |
WO2004018095A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
JP2005536425A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
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