JP5094161B2 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5094161B2 JP5094161B2 JP2007050077A JP2007050077A JP5094161B2 JP 5094161 B2 JP5094161 B2 JP 5094161B2 JP 2007050077 A JP2007050077 A JP 2007050077A JP 2007050077 A JP2007050077 A JP 2007050077A JP 5094161 B2 JP5094161 B2 JP 5094161B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- fuel
- anode
- cathode
- catalyst
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 189
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 37
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 10
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087654 iron carbonyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hypobromite Chemical compound [Na+].Br[O-] CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 tungsten nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
しかしながら、急激に負荷が上昇したり、燃料の濃度が低下したりするなど発電中にアノードに必要な燃料が不足する、所謂、燃料欠乏状態に陥ると、アノードでは(場合によってはカソードでも)、例えば、触媒担時カーボンのカーボン(C)と水(H2O)とが反応して、式(3)、(4)に示すようなプロトン(H+)を生成し、カーボン(C)が二酸化炭素(CO2)として脱落してしまう問題が発生する。また、アノードの触媒にルテニウム(Ru)が含まれている場合は、式(5)示すような反応が起こり、ルテニウム(Ru)が酸化ルテニウム(RuO2)となって酸化溶解してしまうという問題が発生する。触媒担持カーボンのカーボン(C)が脱落してしまった場合、担持していた触媒(PtやRuなど)を保持することができなくなり、アノードから触媒が減少してしまい、ルテニウム(Ru)が酸化溶解してしまった場合、耐CO性が低下してしまうという問題がある。
給される第2の電極と、を備える燃料電池において、第1の電極は、燃料からプロトンが生成される生成反応電位よりも高く、第1の電極に含まれる構成物質の酸化電位よりも低い範囲に酸化還元電位を有する添加剤を含み、前記構成物質は、炭素またはルテニウムであり、前記添加剤は触媒を担持しないことを特徴とする。
したがって、アノード122において燃料欠乏状態となっても、式(3)、(4)は起こらず、CがCO2としてアノード122から脱落してしまう問題を回避することができ、Cが担持していた触媒(Pt)触媒が減少してしまうこともない。上記のように、燃料欠対策用添加剤としては、燃料電池110内部の環境下(本実施例の場合、水素イオン指数が−0.5<pH<1)において、0V以上0.52V以下の範囲に酸化還元電位を有する物質、望ましくは0V以上0.21V以下の範囲に酸化還元電位を有するものであれば良く、金属酸化物としては、酸化モリブデン、酸化タングステン、酸化チタンなどがあり、金属炭化物としては、炭化タングステン、炭化チタン、炭化モリブデン、炭化タングステン、炭化ホウ素などがあり、金属窒化物としては、窒化チタン、窒化タングステン、窒化クロムなどがあり、導電性高分子としては、ポリアニロン、ポリピロール、キノサリン系ポリマーなどがある。特に、金属酸化物の酸化モリブデンは導電性も優れており、特に、MoO2、MoO3は入手が容易であるので、アノード122へ混合する燃料欠対策用添加剤として適している。また燃料欠対策用添加剤の電気伝導度は10-10S/cm以上(室温)で効果あり、10-8S/cm以上(室温)が望ましい。本実施例(図2)ではMoO2をPt/Cと混合して触媒ペーストを作製したが、MoとPtとは電子的な相互作用を有するので、MoO2もCに担持させたMoO2Pt/Cを用いても良い(但し、PtはMoO2に担持されないほうが良い)。MoO2をCに担持させることにより、Ptの触媒作用を向上させることができる。
12、112、212、312 固体高分子膜(電解質層)
14、114、214、314 カソード
16、116、216 カソード側水マネジメント層
18、118、218 カソード側基材
20、120、220 カソード側拡散層
22、122、222、322 アノード
24、124、224 アノード側水マネジメント層
26、126、226 アノード側基材
28、128、228 アノード側拡散層
100 車載用燃料電池システム
152 水素充填口
154 高圧水素タンク
156 水素ポンプ
158 圧力調整器
162 エアコンプレッサ
164 熱交換器
170 インバータ
172 モータ
174 二次電池
176 インバータ
178 補機用モータ
180 DC/DCコンバータ
200 家庭用燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム
252 脱硫器
254 改質器
256 変成器
258 CO除去器
260 バーナ
262 貯湯タンク
264 水配管
266 カソード側加湿タンク
268 分岐配管
270 冷却水通路
272 アノード側加湿タンク
274 水処理装置
276 冷却水流路
278 給湯配管
300 携帯用燃料電池システム
330 触媒コーティング膜
352 メタノール燃料供給孔
354 燃料室
356 筐体(356a:アノード側筐体、356c:カソード側筐体)
358 アノード側生成物排出孔
360 気液分離フィルタ
362 支持部材
364 カソード側生成物排出孔
366 Oリング(366a:アノード側Oリング、366c:カソード側Oリング)
HEX01、HEX02、HEX03、HEX04、HEX05 熱交換器
Claims (4)
- 電解質層と、前記電解質層の一方の面に設けられ、燃料が供給される第1の電極と、前記電解質層の他方の面に設けられ、酸化剤が供給される第2の電極と、を備える燃料電池において、
前記第1の電極は、
前記燃料からプロトンが生成される生成反応電位よりも高く、前記第1の電極に含まれる構成物質の酸化電位よりも低い範囲に酸化還元電位を有する添加剤を含み、
前記構成物質は、炭素またはルテニウムであり、前記添加剤は触媒を担持しないことを特徴とする燃料電池。 - 請求項1記載の燃料電池において、
前記添加剤は、導電性を有する金属酸化物、金属炭化物、金属窒化物、導電性高分子であることを特徴とする燃料電池。 - 請求項1または2記載の燃料電池において、
前記添加剤は、耐酸性を有する金属酸化物、金属炭化物、金属窒化物、導電性高分子であることを特徴とする燃料電池。 - 請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池と、
前記第1の電極へ前記燃料を供給する燃料供給手段と、
前記第2の電極へ前記酸化剤を供給する酸化剤供給手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。
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