JP5081992B2 - 術中血管造影を行なうための方法および装置 - Google Patents
術中血管造影を行なうための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0275—Measuring blood flow using tracers, e.g. dye dilution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
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Description
この特許出願は、1999年9月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/155,652号の利益を請求する。
この発明は一般的に、動物の心血管系を通る血流を観察するための手順に関する。
動物、特にヒトにおける心血管系に影響する疾患および損傷は今日の社会においてありふれたものである。こうした疾患の1つはアテローム性動脈硬化である。この疾患は、典型的には1つまたはそれ以上の動脈が狭くなることによって血管が部分的に塞がれること(狭窄)を特徴とする。最も深刻な形態においては、血管は完全に塞がれるところ(閉塞)まで狭くなる。冠状動脈において、狭窄および閉塞はしばしば深刻な胸痛およびおそらくは心筋梗塞(心臓発作)の形となって現れる。冠状動脈に限らず、アテローム性動脈硬化は、末梢脈管構造すなわち腕および脚に血液を循環させる動脈(および静脈)と、頚動脈すなわち脳に血液を運ぶ動脈と、頭蓋内動脈すなわち脳内に血液を分配する動脈とにも影響し得る。
この発明は、1つの局面において、有利には血管が処置される侵襲性手順の間に動物の血管の開存性を評定するための方法を提供することによって、前述およびその他の必要性を満たす。この方法は、動物に蛍光染料を投与するステップと、血管部分の少なくとも1つの血管造影画像を得るステップと、少なくとも1つの血管造影画像を評価して血管部分の開存性を評定するステップとを含む。
この発明の方法は、ここでは一連の処置ステップとして請求および説明する。これらの方法および関連するステップはあらゆる論理的順序で行なわれてもよいことが理解されるべきである。さらに、この方法は単独で行なわれてもよく、またはこの発明の範囲および趣旨から逸脱することなく、ここに示されるそうした方法およびステップの間またはその後に、その他の診断手順および以前に施された処置と組合わせて行なわれてもよい。さらに、ここで用いられる動物という用語はヒトを含むがそれに制限されないことが予期される。
修復の種類を例示するものは、裂けた血管の縫合または接着による閉鎖と、血管の望ましくない部分を除去し、続いて血管の2つの残りの端部を互いに接合するか、または天然もしくは合成血管グラフトを残りの血管端部に介置しその後接合することによる動脈瘤またはその他の血管奇形の除去とを含むが、それに制限されない。
この例は、特定の血管すなわちマウス大腿部動脈およびランゲンドルフ灌流された心臓を通る蛍光染料の流れの観察における、この発明の好ましい装置の用法を示し、また通常の状態および局所的に適用されたアセチルコリンの影響下の両方におけるマウス大腿部血管の直径を定めるこの装置の能力を示す。
脈管構造の解剖学的構造は動物によって異なる。したがって、目的の領域の選択に対する基準を開発する必要があった。このプロセスはカメラの位置決めから始まった。カメラの視界が大腿部動脈およびその分枝を含むようにカメラを位置決めした。画像分析の目的に対し、目的の血管は、最高の解像度および通常3次または4次の最大の程度の分枝を与える大腿部動脈および分枝であった。
イメージングされる領域に関するカメラの位置決めは各動物によって異なるため、回収される各画像に対してカメラを較正する必要があった。ICGで満たした小さい直径(320μm)の毛細管(TSP320450、ポリマイクロテクノロジーズ(Polymicro Technologies)、LLC、フェニックス、AZ)を用いて画像を較正した。イメージ処理ソフトウェアは、画素座標の組の特定化およびこれらの座標間の距離へのユーザが定めた値の割当を可能にする組込み較正機能を含む。ソフトウェアの端縁検出器を用いて、毛細管中で蛍光を発する染料の端縁の座標を定めた。次いで、ミクロンでの毛細管の内径をこれらの点の間の距離の「長さ」に割当てた。これはソフトウェアの組込み特徴であるため、画像のすべてのフレームにおけるその後の測定値はすべて画素単位ではなくミクロンで示された。
すべての血管直径は組込みサブピクセルエッジャを用いて測定した。
ICG画像の分析は、分析のためのフレームの選択を必要とする。フレームを選択する必要があるのは、画像取得の速度に対して大腿部動脈を通るICG流の速度が速いからである。その結果、イメージングされる領域においてICGが検出可能になる前および後にフレームの先行および後続シーケンスが取得される。ソフトウェア中の端縁検出器によって自動的に計算される端縁強度は、端縁の相対的強度の測定値、すなわち端縁の片側における画素の値の、他方側におけるそれらの値に対する比である。その比はコントラストが最大のときに最高になり、それはICG蛍光の最大強度に対応する。測定された血管は2つの端縁を有するため、端縁強度の積が最大である10個のフレームが分析のために選択された。
Claims (4)
- 外科手術の間に冠状動脈バイパスグラフトにおける血流の中を運ばれる蛍光染料の移動を視覚化する装置であって、
前記装置は、
前記蛍光染料を励起するのに適した放射線を放射できる放射手段と、
血管造影画像として前記バイパスグラフト及び近接する本来の冠状動脈内の励起された前記蛍光染料から放射される蛍光放射線を捕捉できるカメラと、
処理手段と、
を含み、
前記カメラは、少なくとも毎秒15画像の速度で画像を取得し、
前記蛍光染料はICGであるか、かつ又は、800から850nmの範囲にピーク吸収及び放射を有し、
前記処理手段は、
(i)前記バイパスグラフト内で励起された前記蛍光線染料によって生成された前記蛍光放射線と関連付けられる画像の相対的なコントラストを定め、
(ii)分析のための相対的なコントラストが最大の画像を選択し、
(iii)選択された前記画像を分析して、特定の位置における前記バイパスグラフトの直径と前記バイパスグラフトを通過する血液の流速とを定め、定められた前記直径及び前記流速を前記近接する冠状動脈の直径及び前記近接する冠状動脈を通過する血液の流速と比較する
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 手術の有効性を評価するための装置であって、
血管の血流内を運ばれる蛍光染料を励起するのに適した放射線を放射できる放射手段と、
血管造影画像として前記血管内の励起された前記蛍光染料から放射される蛍光放射線を捕捉できるカメラと、
手術前後の画像を比較し、前記手術後の画像が、改善された血流を示すより大きい蛍光測定値を有する撮像された画素を提供するかを定める処理手段と、
を含み、
前記カメラは、少なくとも毎秒15画像の速度で画像を取得し、
前記蛍光染料はICGであるか、かつ又は、800から850nmの範囲にピーク吸収及び放射を有する
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記蛍光測定値は、前記画像の蛍光を示す画素数であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記蛍光測定値は、平均最大蛍光強度であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の装置。
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