JP5057995B2 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5057995B2 JP5057995B2 JP2007551132A JP2007551132A JP5057995B2 JP 5057995 B2 JP5057995 B2 JP 5057995B2 JP 2007551132 A JP2007551132 A JP 2007551132A JP 2007551132 A JP2007551132 A JP 2007551132A JP 5057995 B2 JP5057995 B2 JP 5057995B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- anode
- methanol
- cathode
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 162
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 38
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 29
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- LHENQXAPVKABON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)OC LHENQXAPVKABON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006230 thermoplastic polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04197—Preventing means for fuel crossover
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
アノードと、
前記カソードと前記アノードの間に配置され、水クロスオーバ値に対するメタノールクロスオーバ値の比が0.5以下の固体電解質膜と、
メタノールを含む液体燃料が収容された燃料室と、
前記アノードへ、少なくとも前記液体燃料の蒸気を供給する供給手段と
を具備することを特徴とする。
アノードと、
前記カソードと前記アノードの間に配置され、水クロスオーバ値に対するメタノールクロスオーバ値の比が0.5以下の固体電解質膜と、
メタノールを含む液体燃料が収容された燃料室と、
前記燃料室と前記アノードとの間に配置され、前記燃料室の前記液体燃料の蒸気を選択的に透過させる気液分離層と
を具備することを特徴とする。
内部改質反応で生成したプロトン(H+)は固体電解質膜6を拡散してカソード触媒層3に到達する。一方、カバー15の空気導入口14から取り入れられた空気は、保湿板13及びカソードガス拡散層4を拡散してカソード触媒層2に供給される。カソード触媒層2では、下記(2)式に示す反応によって水が生成する、つまり発電反応が生じる。
発電反応が進行すると、前述した(2)式の反応などによってカソード触媒層2中に生成した水が、カソードガス拡散層4内を拡散して保湿板13に到達し、保湿板13によって蒸散を阻害され、カソード触媒層2中の水分貯蔵量が増加する。一方、アノード側においては、気液分離膜10を通して水蒸気が供給されるか、あるいは供給が全くない状態にある。このため、発電反応の進行に伴ってカソード触媒層2の水分保持量がアノード触媒層3の水分保持量よりも多い状態を作り出すことができる。
<アノードの作製>
アノード用触媒(Pt:Ru=1:1)担持カーボンブラックにパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸溶液と水及びメトキシプロパノールを添加し、前記触媒担持カーボンブラックを分散させてペーストを調製した。得られたペーストをアノードガス拡散層としての多孔質カーボンペーパに塗布することにより厚さが450μmのアノードを得た。
カソード用触媒(Pt)担持カーボンブラックにパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸溶液と水及びメトキシプロパノールを加え、前記触媒担持カーボンブラックを分散させてペーストを調製した。得られたペーストをカソードガス拡散層としての多孔質カーボンペーパに塗布することにより厚さが400μmのカソードを得た。
各種のクロスオーバ比を有する固体電解質膜のクロスオーバ比を前述した図1に示す方法で測定した。クロスオーバ比を下記表1に示す。
本発明で規定するクロスオーバ比の範囲外のクロスオーバー比を有する膜を固体電解質膜として使用すること以外は、前述した実施例1で説明したのと同様な構成の内部気化型の直接メタノール型燃料電池を組み立てた。
Claims (5)
- カソードと、
アノードと、
前記カソードと前記アノードの間に配置され、水クロスオーバ値に対するメタノールクロスオーバ値の比が0.5以下の固体電解質膜と、
メタノールを含む液体燃料が収容された燃料室と、
前記アノードへ、少なくとも前記液体燃料の蒸気を供給する供給手段と
を具備する燃料電池。 - 前記液体燃料は、メタノール濃度が64%以上である請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 前記固体電解質膜のメタノールクロスオーバ値は、1μM/cm2・s以下である請求項1または2記載の燃料電池。
- 前記固体電解質膜は、炭化水素系樹脂を含む請求項1〜3いずれか1項記載の燃料電池。
- 前記供給手段は、前記燃料室と前記アノードとの間に配置され、前記燃料室の前記液体燃料の蒸気を選択的に透過させる気液分離層である請求項1〜4いずれか1項記載の燃料電池。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007551132A JP5057995B2 (ja) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-20 | 燃料電池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005370837 | 2005-12-22 | ||
JP2005370837 | 2005-12-22 | ||
JP2007551132A JP5057995B2 (ja) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-20 | 燃料電池 |
PCT/JP2006/325415 WO2007072880A1 (ja) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-20 | 燃料電池 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPWO2007072880A1 JPWO2007072880A1 (ja) | 2009-06-04 |
JP5057995B2 true JP5057995B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 |
Family
ID=38188656
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007551132A Expired - Fee Related JP5057995B2 (ja) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-20 | 燃料電池 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5057995B2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200805770A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007072880A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005112172A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | 燃料電池 |
JP2005332800A (ja) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-12-02 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 直接メタノール型燃料電池用プロトン伝導性膜 |
JP2006196414A (ja) * | 2005-01-17 | 2006-07-27 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池検査システム |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6444343B1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2002-09-03 | University Of Southern California | Polymer electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells |
JP4032018B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-08 | 2008-01-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 自動車の前部車体構造 |
-
2006
- 2006-12-20 JP JP2007551132A patent/JP5057995B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-20 WO PCT/JP2006/325415 patent/WO2007072880A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-12-21 TW TW095148234A patent/TW200805770A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005332800A (ja) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-12-02 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 直接メタノール型燃料電池用プロトン伝導性膜 |
WO2005112172A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | 燃料電池 |
JP2006196414A (ja) * | 2005-01-17 | 2006-07-27 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池検査システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200805770A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
JPWO2007072880A1 (ja) | 2009-06-04 |
WO2007072880A1 (ja) | 2007-06-28 |
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