JP5057966B2 - 免疫調節剤および抗癌剤としてのトリプトライドラクトン環誘導体 - Google Patents
免疫調節剤および抗癌剤としてのトリプトライドラクトン環誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5057966B2 JP5057966B2 JP2007501990A JP2007501990A JP5057966B2 JP 5057966 B2 JP5057966 B2 JP 5057966B2 JP 2007501990 A JP2007501990 A JP 2007501990A JP 2007501990 A JP2007501990 A JP 2007501990A JP 5057966 B2 JP5057966 B2 JP 5057966B2
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- alkyl
- triptolide
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- alkenyl
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Images
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
Description
本発明は、免疫抑制剤、抗炎症剤および抗癌剤として有用な化合物に関する。
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Wang,X.ら、PCT公報第2002/17931号(2002)
Zhou,Y.X.ら、Ai Zheng 21(10):1108−8(2002年10月)。
免疫抑制剤は、自己免疫疾患の処置、および移植拒絶を処置または予防すること(対宿主性移植片病(GVHD)の処置が挙げられる)において広く使用されている。一般的な免疫抑制剤としては、アザチオプリン、コルチコステロイド、シクロホスファミド、メトトレキサート、6−メルカプトプリン、ビンクリスチン、およびシクロスポリンAが挙げられる。一般に、これらの薬物のいずれも完全に有効ではなく、そしてほとんどが重篤な毒性によって制限されている。例えば、広く使用される薬剤であるシクロスポリンAは、腎臓に対して著しく毒性である。さらに、有効な処置に必要とされる用量は、種々の日和見性の侵入物(opportunistic invader)による感染に対する患者の感受性を増大し得る。
一局面において、本発明は、免疫抑制治療、抗炎症治療および抗癌治療に有用な化合物を提供する。これらの化合物は、式I:
R1は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アリールアルキル、アリール、アリールアシル、またはC(OH)R4R5であり
ここで、R4およびR5は、独立して、水素、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、またはシクロアルケニルであり、水素を除くこれらのいずれかは、アルコキシ、ヒドロキシ、アシルオキシ、またはアリールで置換され得、
CR2R3は、CHOHまたはC=Oであり、そして
基Xのうちの多くても1つがヒドロキシルであり、残りの基Xは水素である。
各々のR6は、独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、またはアリールから選択され、
CR2R3はCHOHまたはC=Oであり、
基Xのうちの多くても1つがヒドロキシルであり、残りの基Xは水素である。
(I.定義)
「アルキル」とは、炭素および水素を含み、直鎖または分枝鎖であり得る飽和非環式一価ラジカルを指す。アルキル基の例は、メチル、エチル、n−ブチル、t−ブチル、n−ヘプチル、およびイゾプロピルである。「シクロアルキル」とは、炭素および水素を含み、さらにアルキルで置換され得る完全に飽和した環式一価ラジカルを指す。シクロアルキル基の例は、シクロプロピル、メチルシクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、エチルシクロペンチル、およびシクロヘキシルである。「低級アルキル」とは、1〜6個の炭素原子、好ましくは1〜4個の炭素原子を有するような基を指す。
本発明の化合物は、以下に記載されるようにフラノイド(ラクトン)環のアルキル化またはアシル化によって生じるトリプトライドの誘導体またはヒドロキシル化されたトリプトライドである。
R1は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アリールアルキル、アリール、アリールアシル、またはC(OH)R4R5であり
ここで、R4およびR5は、独立して、水素、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、またはシクロアルケニルであり、水素を除くこれらのいずれかは、アルコキシ、ヒドロキシ、アシルオキシ、またはアリールで置換され得、
CR2R3は、CHOHまたはC=Oであり、そして
基Xのうちの多くても1つがヒドロキシルであり、残りの基Xは水素である。
各々のR6は、独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、またはアリールから選択され、
CR2R3はCHOHまたはC=Oであり、
基Xのうちの多くても1つがヒドロキシルであり、残りの基Xは水素である。
本発明の化合物は、トリプトライドまたはそのヒドロキシル化誘導体から調製され得る。後者としては、トリプジオライド(tripdiolide)(2−ヒドロキシトリプトライド)および16−ヒドロキシトリプトライドが挙げられ、これらは、トリプトライドとともに、中国の薬草であるTripterygium wilfordii(TW)の根の木部(root xylem)から、または他の公知の供給源から得られ得る。TW植物は、中国の福建省および他の南部地方で見出される;TW植物材料は、一般的に中国で、または米国における市販の供給源から得られ得る。トリプトライド、トリプジオライドおよび16−ヒドロキシトリプトライドは、当該分野で公知であり、例えば、Kupchanら(1972、1977);Lipskyら(1994);Puら(1990)、およびMaら(1992)に記載されている。
式Iの化合物である19−メチルトリプトライド(PG795と表される)および式IIの化合物である18−デオキソ−19−デヒドロ−18−ベンゾイルオキシ−19−ベンゾイルトリプトライド(PG796と表される)の細胞毒性活性は、実施例3に記載されるように、標準的なMTTアッセイを用いて評価された。これらの化合物の免疫抑制活性は、実施例4に記載されるように、標準的なIL−2阻害アッセイにおいて評価された。これらのアッセイの結果は、図1〜図4に示される。
本発明のトリプトライド誘導体を含む処方物は、固形、半固形、凍結乾燥散剤、または液体剤形の形態(例えば、錠剤、カプセル剤、散剤、徐放性処方物、溶剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、軟膏剤、ローション剤、エアロゾル剤)を取り得、好ましくは正確な投薬量の単回投与(simple administration)に適した単位投薬形態を取り得る。組成物は、代表的には、従来の薬学的キャリアまたは賦形剤を含み、さらに他の医療用薬剤、キャリア、またはアジュバントを含み得る。
それゆえ、本発明は、免疫抑制剤として(例えば、移植手順に対する補助剤または自己免疫疾患の処置における補助剤として)の本発明の化合物の使用を包含する。本発明の化合物は、細胞または生物において免疫応答(例えば、サイトカインの産生)を阻害するのに有効である。図3〜図4に示されるように、式Iの化合物である19−メチルトリプトライド(PG795と表される)、および式IIの化合物である18−デオキソ−19−デヒドロ−18−ベンゾイルオキシ−19−ベンゾイルトリプトライド(PG796と表される)は、用量依存性の様式でJurkat細胞におけるIL−2産生(実施例4を参照のこと)を阻害した。
図1〜図2に示されるように、式Iの化合物である19−メチルトリプトライド(PG795と表される)および式IIの化合物である18−デオキソ−19−デヒドロ−18−ベンゾイルオキシ−19−ベンゾイルトリプトライド(PG796と表される)は、各々Jurkat細胞に対して用量依存性の様式で細胞毒性であった(実施例2を参照のこと)。それゆえ、本発明は、特に癌を処置するために、細胞毒性剤として本発明の化合物を使用することを包含する。本明細書中で使用される場合、「癌」とは、哺乳動物(特に、ヒト)で見出されるすべての型の癌または新生物または悪性腫瘍を指し、白血病、肉腫、癌腫および黒色腫が挙げられる。
本発明の化合物はまた、特定のCNS疾患の処置において使用され得る。グルタミン酸は、多くの生理的機能(種々の神経疾患および精神疾患の病態生理学における重要な役割を含む)を果たす。グルタミン酸興奮毒性および神経毒性は、低酸素症、虚血および外傷、ならびに慢性神経変性疾患または神経代謝疾患、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病およびパーキンソン病に関連している。トリプトライドの報告された神経保護効果(特に、グルタミン酸誘導性細胞死からの保護)(Q.Heら、2003;X.Wangら、2003)を考慮して、本発明の化合物は、グルタミン酸の神経毒性作用を拮抗すると想定され、それゆえ、このような疾患に対する新規な治療であり得る。
2001)をブロックすることが報告されている。したがって、本発明の化合物は、PFの処置に有用であり得る。他の呼吸疾患(例えば、サルコイドーシス、肺線維症、および特発性間質性肺炎)の処置もまた、考慮される。
(A.14−ヒドロキシル基の保護)
(A.アシル化)
試験化合物を、20mMの濃度でDMSOに溶解させた。さらなる希釈を、10%ウシ胎仔血清(HyClone Laboratories、Logan、UT)を補充したRPMI1640培地(GIBCO、Rockville、MD)中で行った。
試験サンプルを、完全組織培養培地中で1mMに希釈した。アリコートを、抗CD3抗体(Jurkat細胞によるIL−2の産生を刺激するために使用した)でコーティングしたマイクロ培養プレートに置き、最終濃度がログインクリメント(log increment)で0.001nM〜10,000nMの範囲を含むように連続希釈物を調製した。JurkatヒトT細胞株の指数関数的に増える培養物に由来する細胞(American Type Culture Collection、Manassas、VAから入手した#TIB−152)を収集し、遠心分離によって1回洗浄し、完全組織培養培地に再懸濁させ、そして2×106細胞/mlの濃度に希釈した。50μlの容積のJurkat細胞(1×105細胞)を、100μlの希釈化合物を含むウェルに添加し、50μlのPMA(10ng/ml)を各ウェルに添加し、そしてこのプレートを5% CO2インキュベーター内で37℃にてインキュベートした。24時間後、このプレートを遠心分離して細胞をペレットにし、150μlの上清を各ウェルから取り出し、このサンプルを−20℃で保存した。この保存した上清を、Luminex 100(Luminex Corporation,Austin,TX)、抗IL−2捕捉抗体と結合させたLuminexミクロスフェア、および蛍光色素を結合させた抗IL−2検出抗体を用いて、ヒトIL−2濃度について分析した。このデータを、IL−2のpg/mlとして表した。
Claims (22)
- 構造I:
R1は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アリールアルキル、アリール、アリールアシル、またはC(OH)R4R5であり、
ここで、アリールアシルは、−C(O)Rであり、Rがアリールであり、
ここで、R4およびR5は、独立して、水素、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、またはシクロアルケニルであり、水素を除くこれらのいずれかは、アルコキシ、ヒドロキシ、アシルオキシ、またはアリールで置換され得、ここで、各々の該アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルコキシ、およびアシルオキシの炭素原子の数が、多くても4個であり、各々の該シクロアルキルおよびシクロアルケニルが、多くても6個の炭素原子からなり、そして各々の該アリールが単環式かつ非複素環式であり、
CR2R3は、CHOHまたはC=Oであり、そして
基Xのうちの多くても1つがヒドロキシルであり、残りの基Xは水素である、化合物。 - CR2R3がCHOHである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- CR2R3がCHOH(β−ヒドロキシ)である、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 各々のXが水素である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1がアルキル、アルケニルまたはC(OH)R4R5である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R4およびR5が、独立して、水素、アルキルまたはアルケニルである、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- R1がアルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1がC1〜C3アルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキルである、請求項7に記載の化合物。
- R1がメチルである、請求項8に記載の化合物。
- R1がアリールアシルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1がベンゾイル(C(O)C6H5)である、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- R1がベンゾイルである、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- CR2R3がCHOHである、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- CR2R3がCHOH(β−ヒドロキシ)である、請求項14に記載の化合物。
- 各々のXが水素である、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- 各々のR6がアリールである、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- 各々のR6がフェニルである、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- 被験体において免疫抑制をもたらすための医薬の調製における、請求項1または請求項13に記載の化合物の使用。
- 細胞においてアポトーシスを誘導するための医薬の調製における、請求項1または請求項13に記載の化合物の使用。
- 被験体において免疫抑制をもたらすための組成物であって、請求項1または請求項13に記載の化合物を含有する組成物。
- 細胞においてアポトーシスを誘導するための組成物であって、請求項1または請求項13に記載の化合物を含有する組成物。
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AU2005218610A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US7863464B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
EP1732536A2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
CA2557260A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US20100331554A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
ES2385716T3 (es) | 2012-07-30 |
CN1925852A (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
WO2005084365A2 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1732536B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
EP1732536A4 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
US20080287530A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
CA2557260C (en) | 2013-02-12 |
WO2005084365A3 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
JP2007526331A (ja) | 2007-09-13 |
CN100558354C (zh) | 2009-11-11 |
AU2005218610B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
ATE554758T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
DK1732536T3 (da) | 2012-06-25 |
US8426616B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
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