JP5021206B2 - 放射性汚染物質を洗濯可能製品から取り除く方法 - Google Patents
放射性汚染物質を洗濯可能製品から取り除く方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
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- A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
- A62B17/006—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes against contamination from chemicals, toxic or hostile environments; ABC suits
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Description
I.水溶性材料を含む洗濯可能な製品
本発明は、水溶性又は水分散性材料を含む洗濯可能な製品を対象にしている。適当な製品には、以下に列挙するものに限定されるわけではないが、繊維、布帛、フィルム、不織布、織布、編織物、服飾品、防護服、手術着、つなぎ服、ブーティ、フェイスマスク、手袋、衣料品、リンネル、ドレープ、タオル、少なくとも一つの布帛又はフィルムを含むラミネート加工品、スポンジ、モップヘッド、ウェブ、袋、ガーゼ、パッド、ワイプ材、まくら、包帯、又はそれらの組み合わせが、ある。本発明の一つの望ましい実施態様において、洗濯可能な製品は、例えば手術着、つなぎ服、ブーティ、フェイスマスク、及び手袋のような防護服の一つ以上の構成員を備えている。
本発明は、水溶性材料を含む製品から一種以上の汚染物質を取り除く方法も対象にしている。本方法は、水溶性材料が可溶性とはならない洗浄条件の下で、水性浴中で製品を洗浄することを、含んでいる。本方法は、上記の製品のいずれからも一種以上の汚染物質を取り除く為に用いられ得る。本方法は、防護服飾品から例えば生物学的に有害な又は放射性の廃棄物のような汚染物質を取り除く為に、医療及び原子力産業でとりわけ利用できる。
上記したように、洗濯可能なつなぎ服は、上記の方法を用いて、予備洗浄され得る(すなわち、洗濯可能なつなぎ服は少なくとも一旦洗浄され、しかし未だ特定の目的で使用されず又は汚染物質に曝されていない。)。予備洗浄済の洗濯可能なつなぎ服は、実質的に、糸くず及び静電気がない。更に、予備洗浄済の洗濯可能なつなぎ服は、その後の洗浄/乾燥サイクルの間での実質的な収縮がない。最初の洗浄/乾燥サイクルの間で、洗濯可能なつなぎ服を形成するのに使用する材料は、20%もの大きい量でサイズが縮むかもしれない。例えば、PVA繊維製のスパンレース不織布から形成された洗濯可能なつなぎ服は、最初の洗浄/乾燥サイクルの間で約16%までの収縮がある。そのような初期の収縮は、洗濯可能なつなぎ服の原寸(すなわち、洗浄前の大きさ)を一変させ、そして、それは、使用者に対し問題を生じさせる可能性がある。これらの潜在的問題を避ける為に、(i)洗濯可能なつなぎ服は、それ自身、予備洗浄されるか、あるいは(ii)洗濯可能なつなぎ服を形成するのに使用する材料のシートは、洗濯可能なつなぎ服に組み入れられる前に前収縮される(すなわち、洗浄/乾燥される)。
本発明は、水溶性材料を含む新規な使い切りの製品も対象にしている。一つの典型的な実施態様において、本発明は、図2A及び図2Bに示すならびに上記の使い切りの線量測定用つなぎ服を対象にしている。別の典型的な実施態様において、本発明は、例えばポリビニルアルコール繊維のような水溶性材料を含む使い切り手術着を対象にしている。本明細書で用いる場合に、用語「手術着」は、医療産業で日常的に使用する服飾品を言う。用語「手術着」は、(i)典型的にはVネックで、半そで又は長そでで、及び約6個までのポケット、通常は1個のポケットを有する上っぱり様シャツ、及び(ii)長ズボン又は半ズボンで、及び約4個までのポケット、通常は2個のポケットを有するズボンを組み合わせたものである。
本発明は、更に、水溶性材料を含む上記の多数回使用及び使い切り製品のいずれかを処分する方法を対象にしている。多数回使用及び使い切りの製品を処分する方法は、処分時に多数回使用又は使い切りの製品上にある汚染物質のタイプに依存するだろう。例えば、もし汚染物質が家庭ゴミ又は規制対象外の物質ならば、製品を処分する方法は、処分工程の間に製品を溶解し、そして製品の残りをいくらかでもあれば水洗液と一緒に処分するような、処分工程を含んでいてよい。このタイプの処分の適当な方法の例は、米国特許第5,181,967号明細書及び同第5,891,812号で開示されている。例えば医療及び/又は原子力産業での汚染物質のような他のタイプの汚染物質の場合、多数回使用及び使い切りの製品を処分する方法は、多数回使用及び/又は使い切りの製品の汚染物質の取り扱い及び水溶性材料を分離ならびにコントロールする為、多数の工程を含んでいてよい。
(1)多数回使用の製品を処分反応槽中に置く工程;
(2)溶液にする為に反応槽中に水を導入する工程;
(3)溶液に崩壊促進反応剤又は崩壊促進反応剤の先駆物質を添加する工程;
(4)必要ならば、崩壊促進反応剤を形成する先駆物質を反応させる為に水溶液を加熱し、そして崩壊生成物を形成する水溶性ポリマーと反応させる工程;
(5)任意に、非可溶化物質を水性環境からろ過する工程;
(6)任意に、水性環境中のポリマー物質濃度のパラメーター指示薬を測定する工程;
(7)任意に、物質、例えば放射性物質を水性環境からろ過する工程;
(8)任意に、水性環境のpHを変更、例えば中和する工程;
(9)任意に、水性環境中に生じた崩壊生成物を生分解する工程、例えば、有機酸からCO2、H2O及びバイオマスを形成する工程;及び
(10)任意の不溶性成分を反応槽から取り除く工程。
(a)溶液のろ過、及び
(b)溶液のイオン交換。
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Bacillus pumilus GC subgroup B
Bacillus subtilis
Brevibacterium mcbrellneri
Comamonas testosteroni
Flavobacterium resinovorum
Kocuria kristinae
Microbacterium liquefaciens
Micrococcus luteus GC subgroup C
Pseudomonas balearica
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Pseudomonas putida biotype A
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
Rhodococcus equi GC subgroup B
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Bacillus pumilus GC subgroup B
Bacillus subtilis
Brevibacterium mcbrellneri
Comamonas testosteroni
Flavobacterium resinovorum
Kocuria kristinae
Microbacterium liquefaciens
Micrococcus luteus GC subgroup C
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Pseudomonas putida biotype A
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
Rhodococcus equi GC subgroup B
糖液 0.002%
(NH4)2SO4 1.0g
KH2PO4 1.0g
KH2PO4 0.8g
MgSO47H2O 0.2g
NaCl 0.1g
CaCl22H2O 0.2g
FeSO4 0.01g
Na2MoO42H2O 0.5mg
MnSO4 0.5mg
酵母エキス 10.0g
本発明は、更に、少なくとも一つの汚染製品により生み出された放射性の廃棄物の量を低減する方法を対象にしている。本方法は、(a)少なくとも一つの製品が可溶性とはならない洗浄条件の下で、水性浴中で少なくとも一つの汚染製品を洗浄すること;及び(b)その製品の少なくとも一部が可溶性となる洗浄条件の下で、水性浴中で少なくとも一つの汚染製品を処分することを、含んでいる。本方法は、洗浄工程(a)後に再使用可能な製品を作り出し、そして処分工程(b)後に再使用可能な製品を処分する。本方法は、(1)廃棄物として埋めることにより処分されねばならない、例えば綿又は綿混紡のつなぎ服のような従来の再使用可能な製品に関連するある容積の放射性の廃棄物を除去すること、及び/又は(2)廃棄物として埋めることにより処分もされねばならない、例えば不溶性成分(すなわち、ジッパー、糸、その他)のような使い切り水溶性製品に関連するある容積の放射性の廃棄物を除去することにより、放射性の廃棄物の量を低減する。
(a)少なくとも一つの製品が可溶性とはならない洗浄条件の下で、水性浴中の少なくとも一つの汚染製品を洗浄する工程;
(b)洗浄済の製品から過剰な水分を取る工程;
(c)洗浄済の製品を乾燥する工程;
(d)一種以上の放射性物質の有無に対し乾燥済製品をモニターする工程;
(e)一種以上の放射性物質に製品を曝すような特定の目的に対し洗浄済の製品を使用する工程;
(f)少なくとも一つの製品が可溶性とはならない洗浄条件の下で、水性浴中で少なくとも一つの汚染製品を洗浄する工程;
(g)洗浄済の製品から過剰な水分を取る工程;
(h)洗浄済の製品を乾燥する工程;
(i)一種以上の放射性物質の有無に対し乾燥済製品をモニターする工程;
(j)所望の回数(通常は20回未満)に対し反復工程(e)〜(i)が、工程(e)(すなわち、少なくとも一つの汚染製品)又は工程(f)又は(i)(すなわち、洗浄済の製品)で終わる工程;
(k)工程(j)からの多数回使用の製品を処分反応槽中に置く工程;
(k1)水性溶液を形成する為に反応槽中に水を導入する工程;
(k2)以下に列挙するものに限定されるわけではないが、例えばオゾンのような、崩壊促進反応剤、崩壊促進反応剤の先駆物質、酸化剤、又はそれらの組み合わせを含む一種以上の成分を反応槽に添加する工程;
(k3)必要ならば、崩壊促進反応剤を形成する先駆物質を反応させる為に水溶液を加熱し、そして崩壊生成物を形成する為に水溶性ポリマーと反応する工程;
(l)水溶液から非可溶化物質をろ過する工程;
(m)任意に、水溶液中のポリマー物質濃度のパラメーター指示薬を測定する工程;
(n)例えばろ過することによるような分離技術により水溶液から放射性物質を分離する工程;
(o)適当な処分の為に放射性物質を集める工程;
(p)任意に、放射性物質が実質的にない水溶液のpHを変更する又は中和する工程;
(q)放射性物質が実質的にない水溶液中に生じた崩壊生成物を生分解する工程、例えば、有機酸からCO2、H2O及びバイオマスを形成する工程;及び
(r)任意の不溶性成分を反応槽から取り除く工程。
綿/ポリエステル混紡布帛とOREX(商標)PVA布帛の間での放出データー比較
汚染放出テストは、アラバマ州アッシュフォード(Ashford)にあるイースタン・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド(Eastern technologies, Inc.)(ETI)の施設で実施された。ETIは、米国の商業用原子力産業にサービスを提供する限られた数の業務用の洗濯業者の一社である。テストは、標準の65/35綿/ポリエステル混紡布帛と、OREX(商標)一平米当たり65g(gsm)の不織布であって、未処理の、ポリビニルアルコール系の布帛の間での相対的「放出」特性を判断する為に行われた。原子力産業は、現在は、身体防護服に再使用可能な綿/ポリエステル混紡布帛を使用している。このテストで使用した「汚染物質」は、核分裂燃料サイクル施設に共通する標準的な放射性表面汚染物質であった。使用した汚染物質は、主として、固体状又は微粒子状であった。幾つかの可溶形態が、同様に存在した(すなわち、セシウム−137、134)。ETIの洗濯処理は、(a)服飾品の汚染を除き、次いで(b)処理水から汚染物質をろ過する為に用いられる。これらのフィルター沈着物は、本研究の為の汚染物質源として使用された。テストパッチは、高度に汚染されたものであり、数百万dpm(壊変毎分)に関連した(ほとんどの防護服飾品は、実際には、汚染物を絶対と言ってもいいほど付着させないだろう。)。
(1)65/35混紡布帛の汚染除去係数は、およそ17〜20である。言い換えれば、洗浄後の放射能量は、予備洗浄の放射能量の約1/20である。
(2)65gsmのOREX(商標)の汚染除去係数は、600を超えた。言い換えれば、放射能の少なくとも99.8%が、洗浄の間に取り除かれる。
Claims (3)
- 一又はそれより多い放射性汚染物質を洗濯可能製品から取り除く方法であって、
該洗濯可能製品は、水溶性材料のみ、または、該洗濯可能製品の全質量部を基準として50質量部未満の不水溶性材料及び50質量部以上の水溶性材料を含み、
ここで、該洗濯可能製品は防護服であり、
該水溶性材料はポリビニルアルコールであり、
水溶性材料とは、37℃以上の所定の水温で水へ溶解する材料を言い、
該方法は、
(a)該水溶性材料が可溶性とはならない洗浄条件の下、水性浴中で該洗濯可能製品を洗浄し、および、
(b)該洗浄した洗濯可能製品を乾燥することを含む、方法。 - (c)該洗浄した洗濯可能製品を一又はそれより多い放射性汚染物質に曝露するという所期の目的で、該洗浄した洗濯可能製品を使用し、
(d)任意に、工程(a)から(c)を一又はそれより多い回数繰り返し、および
(e)該洗濯可能製品の少なくとも一部が可溶性となる条件の下、水性浴中に該洗浄した洗濯可能製品を配置することにより、該洗浄した洗濯可能製品を処分すること
、をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 該洗濯可能製品が、本質的に水溶性材料からなる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
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- 2003-12-04 KR KR1020057010138A patent/KR100794982B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-04 WO PCT/US2003/038478 patent/WO2004052522A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-12-04 JP JP2005508456A patent/JP5021206B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-04 DE DE60329027T patent/DE60329027D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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RU2005121270A (ru) | 2006-01-20 |
DE60329027D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
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US7203974B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 |
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US20050235391A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
EP1583603A2 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
EP1583603B1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
ATE440511T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
KR100794982B1 (ko) | 2008-01-16 |
RU2357775C2 (ru) | 2009-06-10 |
KR20050091711A (ko) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1583603A4 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
CA2506708C (en) | 2011-05-10 |
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