JP4989038B2 - 触媒 - Google Patents
触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4989038B2 JP4989038B2 JP2005127990A JP2005127990A JP4989038B2 JP 4989038 B2 JP4989038 B2 JP 4989038B2 JP 2005127990 A JP2005127990 A JP 2005127990A JP 2005127990 A JP2005127990 A JP 2005127990A JP 4989038 B2 JP4989038 B2 JP 4989038B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- fischer
- cobalt
- tropsch
- precursor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 98
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012686 silicon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000034809 Product contamination Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002800 Si–O–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005906 dihydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0272—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255
- B01J31/0274—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255 containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8913—Cobalt and noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0209—Impregnation involving a reaction between the support and a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/648—Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Lminはmで表したケイ素変性触媒前駆体の最小粒子径であり;
Lmaxはmで表したケイ素変性触媒前駆体の最大粒子径であり;
θは、新たに還元された触媒表面積1m2あたりの金属コバルトの表面原子数で表した活性なサイトの密度であり;
φは新たに還元された触媒の粒子空隙率である。
触媒前駆体A(比較触媒前駆体)の調製
純Al2O3担体(即ち、ドイツ国、ハンブルグ市ユーバーゼーリング40、22297のサソール・ジャーマニー社(Sasol Germany GmbH)から入手できる、球状粒子形態の、噴霧乾燥したプラロックスSCCa(Puralox SCCa)2/150(商標)Al2O3担体(孔体積=0.48m1/g))の上に、担持コバルト触媒前駆体を調製した。Co(NO3)2・6H2O17.4kg、(NH3)4Pt(NO3)29.6g、及び蒸留水11kgの溶液を純Al2O3担体20.0kgと、該担体を該溶液に加えることにより混合した。第1の含浸ステップにおいては、コニカル真空乾燥機にスラリーを加え、連続的に混合した。このスラリーの温度を60℃に上げ、その後20kPa(a)の真空にした。20kPa(a)の真空になってから開始された、乾燥段階の最初の3時間の間に、温度を徐々に上げ、3時間後に95℃にした。その後、次の乾燥段階において、乾燥をさらに積極的に、すなわち圧力を7kPa(a)に下げて行った。7時間後に乾燥ステップを停止し、得られた乾燥含浸担体をただちに流動床焼成機に充填した。充填には約1〜2分かかり、温度は約75℃の設定温度に保たれた。空気導入速度を23kg/時(空間速度=1.02m3(標準状態)空気/kgCo(NO3)2.6H2O)/時)に保った。流動床の温度を0.4℃/分の速さで最高温度250℃まで上げた。温度を6時間250℃に保った。コバルト担持量が30gCo/100g担体の触媒を得るのに、第2の含浸ステップを行った。Co(NO3)2・6H2O9.4kg、(NH3)4Pt(NO3)215.7g、及び蒸留水15.1kgの溶液を最初の含浸及び焼成で得た触媒前駆体20.0kgと、該触媒前駆体を該溶液に加えることにより混合した。このスラリーの温度を60℃に上げ、その後20kPa(a)の真空にした。20kPa(a)の真空になってから開始した、乾燥段階の最初の3時間の間に、温度を徐々に上げ、3時間後に95℃にした。その後、次の乾燥段階において、乾燥をさらに積極的に、すなわち圧力を7kPa(a)に下げて行った。7時間後に乾燥ステップを停止し、得られた乾燥含浸担体をただちに流動床焼成機に充填した。充填には約1〜2分かかり、温度は約75℃の設定温度に保たれた。空気導入速度を23kg/時(空間速度=1.95m3(標準状態)空気/kgCo(NO3)2・6H2O)/時)に保った。流動床の温度を0.4℃/分の速さで最高温度250℃まで上げた。温度を6時間250℃に保ち、触媒前駆体を得た。
変性触媒前駆体Bの調製
触媒前駆体Aと同様にしてコバルト触媒前駆体を調製し、次いでシリカで変性させ、変性触媒前駆体Bを得た。変性を達成するために含浸法を採用した。すなわち、ケイ素を、前駆体としてTEOS(テトラエトキシシラン、2.5kg)の形態で、60℃でエタノール20Lに加えた。エタノールをこのように含浸溶媒として使用した。例1の触媒前駆体A20kgを、この溶液に加え、50℃〜75℃に1時間保った。次いで、0.03〜0.2バール(a)の真空で、乾燥装置のジャケット温度95℃で溶媒を除去した。乾燥ステップを2時間後に終了し、得られた乾燥含浸担体をただちに流動床焼成機に充填した。充填には約1〜2分かかり、温度は約75℃の設定温度に保たれた。流動床の温度を0.4℃/分の速さで最高温度250℃まで上昇した。この乾燥含浸物質を空気中で250℃で6時間、流動床焼成機中で0.9m3(標準状態)空気/kg触媒前駆体/時の空間速度で焼成し、変性触媒前駆体すなわち変性触媒前駆体Bを得た。ケイ素含有率は0.8Si原子/nm2触媒前駆体と分析された。
実験室におけるスラリー相フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成
フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成に先だって、管状反応器中で、水素の空間速度200ml(標準状態)水素/g触媒/時、大気圧で、コバルト触媒前駆体(変性又は未変性)を還元した。温度を1℃/分で425℃まで上げ、その後等温条件を16時間保った。比較触媒Aはこのようにして触媒前駆体Aから得られ、触媒Bはこのようにして変性触媒前駆体Bから得られた。
反応器温度: 220℃
反応器圧力: 20バール
%(H2+CO)転換率:50〜70%
供給ガス組成:
H2: 約50体積%
CO: 約25体積%
残り: Ar、N2、CH4及び/又はCO2
rFT=(kFTPH2PCO)/(1+KPCO)2
を適用し、報告された実験の各々について、アレニウスで導出した前指数項kFTを求めた。相対固有フィッシャー・トロプシュ活性を(還元試験後の触媒Xの前指数項)/(触媒Aの前指数項)、(ここでXは触媒A又はB)、と定義することにより、コバルト触媒の固有フィッシャー・トロプシュ活性を比較することができよう。初期相対固有フィッシャー・トロプシュ活性を15時間後にオンラインで求め、表1に示す。触媒前駆体を変性しても、未処理の担持コバルト触媒である触媒Aに比べて固有フィッシャー・トロプシュ特性には有意な影響がないことは明らかである。
パイロット・プラントによるフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成テスト
触媒A5kgを外部循環を備えた11mの高さの気泡塔反応器に使用した、極秘のパイロット・プラントのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成の試運転の間に、約10日間の連続運転の後、第2の濾過ワックス生成物は灰色に変わり、コバルト含有率は、図1に示すように、25日間の連続運転の後、350質量ppmに増加した。第2の濾過ワックス生成物とは、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成試運転で生成されたワックス生成物であって、第1の固形分分離ステップ、その後ワットマン42(商標)濾紙による第2の系外濾過に供したものと定義される。
反応器温度: 230℃
反応器圧力: 20バール
%(H2+CO)転換率:50〜80%
供給ガス組成:
H2: 約50体積%
CO: 約25体積%
残り: Ar、N2、CH4及び/又はCO2
純粋なAl2O3担体及びシリカ変性Al2O3担体(ヨーロッパ特許第1058580号の例1に記載されたようにして調製した)をそれぞれ20℃及び60℃で水に加え、6時間攪拌した。その溶液を0.22μmのミリポア(Millipore)(商標)フィルターで濾過した後、化学分析したところ、Al2O3は溶解していたが、少量にすぎないことがわかった。同様の実験をこれらの純粋なAl2O3及びシリカ変性Al2O3担体から調製したコバルト触媒で実施した。これらのコバルト触媒は、米国特許第6455462号の例1に記載されたようにして調製した。触媒上に残存するアルミニウム及びコバルトのレベルには有意な差は見いだせなかった。両触媒には、それぞれアルミニウムの99.91%及び99.98%が残存しており、両触媒には、それぞれコバルトの99.44%及び99.38%が残存していた。
Claims (7)
- 式Si(OR)x[式中、Rはアルキル基又はアシル基であり、xは4である]の可溶性変性成分前駆体を、Al2O3、及びシリカ−アルミナから選ばれる、酸化形態のコバルトを担持した多孔質予備成型触媒担体を含む、コバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒前駆体の上及び/又は中に導入して変性したコバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒前駆体を得ること、及び
前記変性したコバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒前駆体を還元して、コバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒を得ること
を含む、コバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒を調製するための方法であって、
使用するケイ素前駆体の量が、新たに還元した触媒のm(メートル)で表した平均孔半径が((Lmin)2θφ)×10−19(式1)より大きく、((Lmax)2θφ)×10−18(式2)より小さい、(式中、Lminはケイ素変性触媒前駆体のmで表した最小粒子径であり、Lmaxはケイ素変性触媒前駆体のmで表した最大粒子径であり、θは、新たに還元した触媒の表面積1m2あたりの金属コバルト表面原子数で表した活性サイトの密度であり、φは新たに還元した触媒の粒子の空隙率である)となるような量である、上記方法。 - 変性触媒前駆体中のケイ素レベルが触媒前駆体表面積1平方ナノメートルあたり少なくとも0.06Si原子となるのに十分なケイ素前駆体を使用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ケイ素前駆体の触媒前駆体上及び/又は触媒前駆体中への導入を、
ケイ素前駆体を含浸溶媒に溶解すること;
前記触媒前駆体を前記の得られた溶液と混合して処理混合物を形成すること;
前記処理混合物を前記ケイ素が触媒前駆体中及び/又は触媒前駆体上に含浸する時間の間、保持すること;及び
過剰の溶剤を除去すること
によって行う、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - 触媒前駆体の多孔質予備成型触媒担体がAl2O3である、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の方法によってコバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒を製造すること、及びH2及びCOを含む合成ガスを、そのようにして得られたコバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒の存在下で、スラリー状炭化水素合成工程において、フィッシャー・トロプシュ反応に供し、それによってフィッシャー・トロプシュ炭化水素生成物を製造することを含む、フィッシャー・トロプシュ炭化水素生成物を製造するための方法。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の方法によってコバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒を製造すること、H2及びCOを含む合成ガスを、そのようにして得られたコバルト・ベースのフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成触媒の存在下で、スラリー状炭化水素合成工程で、フィッシャー・トロプシュ反応に供し、それによってフィッシャー・トロプシュ炭化水素生成物を製造すること、及び
前記フィッシャー・トロプシュ炭化水素生成物の少なくとも一部をハイドロプロセッシング処理に供して高品質のフィッシャー・トロプシュ生成物を製造すること
を含む、高品質のフィッシャー・トロプシュ生成物を製造するための方法。 - 前記ハイドロプロセッシング処理が分画及び/又は転換を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
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JP4263597B2 (ja) | 2001-07-27 | 2009-05-13 | サソール テクノロジー(プロプライエタリー)リミテッド | フィッシャー−トロプシュ合成によるワックスの製造 |
EP1444040B1 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2005-06-29 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Process for activating cobalt catalysts |
AU2003297257A1 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2004-06-03 | Conocophillips Company | Improved supports for high surface area catalysts |
US7348293B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2008-03-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Homogeneous modified-alumina Fischer-Tropsch catalyst supports |
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2005
- 2005-04-25 DE DE102005019103.7A patent/DE102005019103B4/de active Active
- 2005-04-25 US US11/113,825 patent/US7365040B2/en active Active
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- 2005-04-26 AU AU2005201728A patent/AU2005201728B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-04-26 JP JP2005127990A patent/JP4989038B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-26 IT IT000070A patent/ITUD20050070A1/it unknown
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- 2005-04-26 GB GB0508424A patent/GB2415396B/en active Active
- 2005-04-26 FR FR0504178A patent/FR2871075B1/fr active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO331172B1 (no) | 2011-10-24 |
GB2415396B (en) | 2008-12-17 |
NL1028877C2 (nl) | 2006-06-20 |
GB0508424D0 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
FR2871075A1 (fr) | 2005-12-09 |
NO20052027L (no) | 2005-10-27 |
US7365040B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
NO20052027D0 (no) | 2005-04-26 |
AU2005201728A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
NL1028877A1 (nl) | 2005-10-27 |
US20050245623A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
JP2005313167A (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
BRPI0501434A (pt) | 2005-12-06 |
ZA200503384B (en) | 2007-02-28 |
DE102005019103A1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
GB2415396A (en) | 2005-12-28 |
DE102005019103B4 (de) | 2023-09-21 |
FR2871075B1 (fr) | 2015-09-11 |
BRPI0501434B1 (pt) | 2014-09-02 |
AU2005201728B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
ITUD20050070A1 (it) | 2005-10-27 |
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