JP4984271B2 - フィルタエレメントおよび組立体 - Google Patents
フィルタエレメントおよび組立体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4984271B2 JP4984271B2 JP2009527485A JP2009527485A JP4984271B2 JP 4984271 B2 JP4984271 B2 JP 4984271B2 JP 2009527485 A JP2009527485 A JP 2009527485A JP 2009527485 A JP2009527485 A JP 2009527485A JP 4984271 B2 JP4984271 B2 JP 4984271B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- filter head
- filter element
- connector
- head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 108010038204 cytoplasmic linker protein 190 Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/30—Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/306—Filter mounting adapter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
- B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
- B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/96—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor in which the filtering elements are moved between filtering operations; Particular measures for removing or replacing the filtering elements; Transport systems for filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/29—Filter cartridge constructions
- B01D2201/291—End caps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/30—Filter housing constructions
- B01D2201/301—Details of removable closures, lids, caps, filter heads
- B01D2201/305—Snap, latch or clip connecting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/40—Special measures for connecting different parts of the filter
- B01D2201/4015—Bayonet connecting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/40—Special measures for connecting different parts of the filter
- B01D2201/4076—Anti-rotational means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
- Y10T403/7005—Lugged member, rotary engagement
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
- Y10T403/7005—Lugged member, rotary engagement
- Y10T403/7007—Bayonet joint
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
- Y10T403/7009—Rotary binding cam or wedge
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84202606P | 2006-09-05 | 2006-09-05 | |
| US60/842,026 | 2006-09-05 | ||
| PCT/US2007/076627 WO2008030707A1 (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2007-08-23 | Filter elements and assemblies |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010502438A JP2010502438A (ja) | 2010-01-28 |
| JP2010502438A5 JP2010502438A5 (enExample) | 2010-09-30 |
| JP4984271B2 true JP4984271B2 (ja) | 2012-07-25 |
Family
ID=38875030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009527485A Active JP4984271B2 (ja) | 2006-09-05 | 2007-08-23 | フィルタエレメントおよび組立体 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8349180B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2059320B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4984271B2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2008030707A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (39)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008062556A1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Fluidfilter |
| JP4856693B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-01-18 | エイ エム クリエーター カンパニー,リミテッド | オイル濾過用フィルタ部材 |
| US8425773B2 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2013-04-23 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | End cap assembly adapted for interconnecting filtration elements |
| JP5280329B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2013-09-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料ポンプ構造 |
| JP5345570B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-04 | 2013-11-20 | 株式会社ミツバ | 燃料供給装置 |
| IT1398974B1 (it) * | 2010-03-24 | 2013-03-28 | Ufi Filters Spa | Filtro per motori a combustione interna. |
| JP5052641B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-20 | 2012-10-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 燃料供給装置 |
| BRPI1005768A2 (pt) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-04-24 | Mahle Metal Leve Sa | filtro de combustÍvel |
| US8709247B2 (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2014-04-29 | Baldwin Filters, Inc. | Filter apparatus with ejection arrangement |
| US9067156B2 (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2015-06-30 | Clarcor Engine Mobile Solutions, Llc | Filter cartridge assembly and method of manufacture thereof |
| US9550137B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2017-01-24 | General Electric Company | Filter element interface for an oil filter of an engine |
| US9745876B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2017-08-29 | General Electric Company | Oil filter systems |
| JP2014235157A (ja) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-15 | 株式会社デンソー | 液面検出装置 |
| ITRE20130094A1 (it) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | Ufi Filters Spa | Gruppo filtrante |
| DE102014002241B4 (de) * | 2014-02-20 | 2016-10-06 | Mann + Hummel Gmbh | Filtersystem und Filterelement mit Kupplungsvorrichtung und Verriegelungsvorrichtung, sowie Verwendung des Filtersystems |
| US10335722B2 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2019-07-02 | Ufi Filters S.P.A. | Filter group |
| EP3221026B1 (de) * | 2014-11-20 | 2022-03-23 | MANN+HUMMEL GmbH | Filterelement mit überragendem bajonettvorsprung |
| FR3036069B1 (fr) * | 2015-05-13 | 2017-05-26 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Systeme de fixation d'un filtre a carburant. |
| KR101706118B1 (ko) * | 2015-08-12 | 2017-02-13 | 주식회사 엠알필트레이션 | 오일필터 어셈블리 |
| PL3551315T3 (pl) | 2016-12-06 | 2022-10-03 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Tarcza końcowa, element filtracyjny z tarczą końcową i system filtracyjny |
| DE102017011081B4 (de) | 2016-12-09 | 2019-10-17 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Filtersystem, Verwendung des Filtersystems und Filterelement |
| WO2018144763A2 (en) * | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-09 | FilterMag International, Inc. | Modular magnetic oil filtering plug |
| US11448173B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2022-09-20 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Return tube of a fuel filter assembly of a fuel system |
| WO2019169572A1 (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | 湖南梓唯汽车环保有限公司 | 一种可清洗机油过滤器组件 |
| US12030005B2 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2024-07-09 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Self sufficient suction side automatic drain valve |
| CN109139313B (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-12-18 | 潍柴重机股份有限公司 | 两用式滤清器座装置 |
| DE102018009187A1 (de) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | Hydac Filtertechnik Gmbh | Filtervorrichtung |
| TWM582500U (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-08-21 | 蘇振成 | 空氣與水之磁能淨化器 |
| CN109826733A (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-31 | 众恒汽车部件有限公司 | 可快速更换滤网的车用油泵 |
| DE102019108958A1 (de) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Hengst Se | Filter und Filtereinsatz dafür |
| DE102019004927B3 (de) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-14 | Daimler Ag | Fluidfilter für einen Kraftwagen und Filterkartusche für einen Fluidfilter |
| DE102019004926B3 (de) * | 2019-07-15 | 2020-12-24 | Daimler Ag | Fluidfilter für einen Kraftwagen und Filterkartusche für einen solchen Fluidfilter |
| WO2021013417A1 (de) | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-28 | Rt-Filtertechnik Gmbh | Filtervorrichtung |
| DE102019005323A1 (de) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-28 | Rt-Filtertechnik Gmbh | Filtervorrichtung |
| IT201900014280A1 (it) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-07 | Ufi Filters Spa | Assieme di filtrazione comprendente una cartuccia filtrante e un dispositivo ausiliario |
| US11369908B2 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-06-28 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Filter assembly for gas turbine engine |
| US12134052B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2024-11-05 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Filter assembly for gas turbine engine |
| US11241644B2 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2022-02-08 | Pall Corporation | Adapter for filter device and method of use |
| CN114247201B (zh) * | 2021-12-26 | 2023-04-28 | 上海绿策实业有限公司 | 一种油墨灌装装置用滤芯筒 |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3405929C2 (de) * | 1984-02-18 | 1986-07-17 | GOK Regler- und Armaturen GmbH & Co KG, 5200 Siegburg | Wechselbarer Filtereinsatz |
| US4877521A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1989-10-31 | Cuno, Incorporated | Quick-change filter cartridge and head therefor |
| US5045192A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1991-09-03 | Facet Enterprises, Inc. | Filter assembly with lockable lug means |
| US5300223A (en) * | 1992-01-27 | 1994-04-05 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Quick connect/disconnect oil filter |
| WO1995007745A1 (en) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-03-23 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Fuel filter element |
| DE19502020C2 (de) * | 1995-01-24 | 2002-02-28 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Flüssigkeitsfilter |
| KR200149370Y1 (ko) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-06-15 | 전주범 | 세탁기의 이물질 걸름장치 |
| US5826854A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-10-27 | Amana Refrigeration, Inc. | Fluid routing system |
| US5956822A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-09-28 | Knecht Filterwerke Gmbh | Snap-lock connection for two parts which can rotate in relation to each other |
| DE19707132A1 (de) * | 1997-02-22 | 1998-08-27 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Filter |
| US6235194B1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-05-22 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Recharge and filter assembly with replaceable cartridge |
| US6458269B1 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2002-10-01 | Cuno Incorporated | Keyed filter assembly |
| US6554139B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-04-29 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Extension and locking assembly for dripless element, and container therefore |
| US7476314B2 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2009-01-13 | Reid Roger P | Keyed system for connection of filter cartridge to filter holder |
| ITRE20010065A1 (it) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-12-12 | Ufi Universal Filter Int Spa | Filtro per liquidi per motori a combustione dei veicoli |
| US7473048B2 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2009-01-06 | Sakura Rubber Co., Ltd. | Coupling apparatus for structural members |
| US6902669B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-06-07 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Filter cartridge with floating seal |
| WO2004091750A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-28 | Pall Corporation | Filter assemblies, filter cartridges and methods for removing filter cartridges from filter assemblies |
| CA2478602A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-02-20 | Ltl Wholesale, Inc. D.B.A. Ltl Home Products, Inc. | Railing attachment device |
| US7662284B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2010-02-16 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Liquid filter arrangement and methods |
| DE212005000078U1 (de) * | 2005-04-18 | 2008-02-21 | Donaldson Co., Inc., Minneapolis | Flüssigkeitsfilteranordnung |
-
2007
- 2007-08-23 EP EP07841268.1A patent/EP2059320B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-23 WO PCT/US2007/076627 patent/WO2008030707A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-08-23 JP JP2009527485A patent/JP4984271B2/ja active Active
- 2007-08-23 US US12/439,864 patent/US8349180B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100219116A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
| WO2008030707A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
| JP2010502438A (ja) | 2010-01-28 |
| US8349180B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
| EP2059320B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
| EP2059320A1 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4984271B2 (ja) | フィルタエレメントおよび組立体 | |
| US10702814B2 (en) | Top load liquid filter assembly, system, and methods | |
| CA2579195C (en) | Fuel filter cartridge and keyed end cap | |
| JP6339101B2 (ja) | 3つの部分の端部キャップ及び同様な要素を含むフィルタエレメント | |
| EP2266679B1 (en) | Alignment arrangement for a filter cartridge, filter cartridge and filter housing | |
| US9199187B2 (en) | Liquid filter, assembly, system, and methods | |
| CN104245084B (zh) | 具有弹出装置的过滤设备 | |
| US7237682B2 (en) | Filter assembly with slip thread | |
| US8999163B2 (en) | Top load liquid filter assembly, system and methods | |
| CA2842413C (en) | Seal devices for filters | |
| JP2014514149A (ja) | フィルタ群 | |
| EP2744584A2 (en) | Hydraulic spin-on filter cartridge having base plate supporting radially directed seal | |
| KR20170077228A (ko) | 교체 필터 카트리지 | |
| EP4454731A1 (en) | Filter assemblies and related filter elements | |
| JP4987765B2 (ja) | フィルタエレメント | |
| KR200378939Y1 (ko) | 차량용 오일필터 | |
| JPH0318779Y2 (enExample) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100816 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20100816 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20110725 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110802 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20111101 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20111109 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20111202 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120327 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120412 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4984271 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20150511 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |