JP4982649B2 - Method for enhancing life activity of living body in contact with aquatic environment and / or expanding life activity suitable area - Google Patents
Method for enhancing life activity of living body in contact with aquatic environment and / or expanding life activity suitable area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4982649B2 JP4982649B2 JP2004147045A JP2004147045A JP4982649B2 JP 4982649 B2 JP4982649 B2 JP 4982649B2 JP 2004147045 A JP2004147045 A JP 2004147045A JP 2004147045 A JP2004147045 A JP 2004147045A JP 4982649 B2 JP4982649 B2 JP 4982649B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- trehalose
- life activity
- mineral
- concentration
- maltosyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 171
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title description 20
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 141
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 claims description 137
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001719 carbohydrate derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 111
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 111
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 111
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 16
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 13
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 11
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 235000019583 umami taste Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 241000277275 Oncorhynchus mykiss Species 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000473391 Archosargus rhomboidalis Species 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD55895 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(OC2C(OC(OC3C(OC(O)C(O)C3O)CO)C(O)C2O)CO)C(O)C1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940050906 magnesium chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UYQJCPNSAVWAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N malto-tetraose Natural products OC1C(O)C(OC(C(O)CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UYQJCPNSAVWAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-OUBHKODOSA-N maltotetraose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-OUBHKODOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000009899 Agrostemma githago Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000962514 Alosa chrysochloris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238097 Callinectes sapidus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252211 Carassius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000511340 Carassius cuvieri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001529572 Chaceon affinis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000422842 Chamaecyparis pisifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131500 Chionoecetes opilio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001149724 Cololabis adocetus Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000879874 Corbicula leana Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000723298 Dicentrarchus labrax Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000258955 Echinodermata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000276438 Gadus morhua Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001417045 Lophius litulon Species 0.000 description 1
- XJCCHWKNFMUJFE-CGQAXDJHSA-N Maltotriitol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)CO)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 XJCCHWKNFMUJFE-CGQAXDJHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001502129 Mullus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001595185 Neoeriocheir leptognathus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238413 Octopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276569 Oryzias latipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000861915 Plecoglossus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001600434 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000620877 Ruditapes philippinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001125046 Sardina pilchardus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001521797 Scorpaena notata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242583 Scyphozoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001456547 Solen strictus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001275767 Stomatopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001504592 Trachurus trachurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001261506 Undaria pinnatifida Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000178320 Vaccaria pyramidata Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001668 ameliorated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010824 fish disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000003869 genetically modified organism Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940083542 sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940047908 strontium chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AMGRXJSJSONEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Sr]Cl AMGRXJSJSONEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003625 trehaloses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
本発明は、水系環境に接する動物又は植物などの生体における生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for enhancing a life activity and / or expanding a life activity suitable area in a living body such as an animal or a plant in contact with an aqueous environment.
一般に、水系環境に接する生体は、水系環境における浸透圧を決定する要因であるミネラル濃度に影響を受けつつ生存している。とりわけ、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、カリウム、カルシウムなどのミネラルイオンは、生体の生命活動にとって重要であり、細胞膜のイオンチャンネルを介して細胞の内外に移動することにより濃度調節されている。水系環境に接する生体においては、環境のミネラル濃度の変化により、生体に保有される水分量がその生体の意に反して増減するので、生体の活動、発育が抑制されることがある。例えば、海岸地域などでの台風若しくは高潮、乾燥地域などでの水の蒸発によるミネラル濃度増加などによる農作物の塩害や、土壌汚染地域などでのアルミニウムイオン、マンガンイオンなどの特定の金属イオン濃度の増加による農作物の発育阻害などが挙げられる。 In general, a living body in contact with an aqueous environment survives while being affected by a mineral concentration that is a factor that determines osmotic pressure in the aqueous environment. In particular, mineral ions such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium are important for living activities of living organisms, and their concentration is adjusted by moving into and out of the cell through ion channels in the cell membrane. In a living body that is in contact with an aqueous environment, the amount of water held in the living body increases or decreases against the meaning of the living body due to a change in the mineral concentration of the environment, so that the activity and growth of the living body may be suppressed. For example, salt damage to crops due to typhoons or storm surges in coastal areas, etc., and increased mineral concentrations due to water evaporation in dry areas, and increased concentrations of specific metal ions such as aluminum ions and manganese ions in soil contaminated areas The growth of crops caused by
水系環境に接する生体の耐塩性を付与する方法としては、農業、漁業分野で行われてきた品種改良や、例えば、特許文献１に記載された、耐塩性遺伝子を生体に導入して、ミネラルストレスを抑制する方法などが挙げられる。また、非特許文献１においては、トレハロースを生産する酵素を生体内で遺伝子発現させることによって、生体内にトレハロースを蓄積させて生体に耐塩性を付与する試みが提案されている。しかしながら、これらの方法は、膨大な試行や煩雑な遺伝子組換えなどの操作を必要とするばかりでなく、新たに耐塩性を有する生物を人工的に創造するものであることから、天然の生物には適用することはできない。また、遺伝子組換え生物を原料とする食品は、それらを排する世論によって市場に受け入れられないことも懸念される。 Examples of methods for imparting salt tolerance to living organisms that are in contact with an aquatic environment include varietal improvements that have been performed in the fields of agriculture and fishery, for example, introduction of a salt tolerance gene described in Patent Document 1 into the organism, and mineral stress. The method of suppressing this is mentioned. Non-Patent Document 1 proposes an attempt to accumulate trehalose in a living body and to impart salt tolerance to the living body by expressing a gene that produces trehalose in the living body. However, these methods not only require enormous trials and complicated manipulations such as genetic recombination, but also artificially create organisms that have salt tolerance. Is not applicable. There is also a concern that foods made from genetically modified organisms will not be accepted by the market due to public opinion that eliminates them.
本発明は、水系環境に接する動物又は植物などの生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する方法を提供することを課題とするものである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for enhancing the life activity of a living body such as an animal or a plant in contact with an aquatic environment and / or extending a suitable area for life activity.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために各種糖質に着目して、鋭意研究を続けた。その結果、意外にも生体の環境となる水溶液中に、α,α−トレハロース及び／又はその糖質誘導体を含有させることにより、そこで生命活動を営む生体が、活発な生命活動を行うことができ、さらに、好適でない濃度のミネラル水溶液においても活発な生命活動を行うことができる、つまり、ミネラル濃度に関しての生命活動好適域を拡張できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have focused on various carbohydrates and continued intensive studies. As a result, by incorporating α, α-trehalose and / or its saccharide derivative in an aqueous solution that is unexpectedly a living environment, a living organism that performs life activity can perform active life activity. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that active life activity can be performed even in a mineral aqueous solution having an unfavorable concentration, that is, it is possible to expand the life activity suitable range with respect to mineral concentration.
すなわち、本発明は、水系環境に接する生体に対して、生命活動に好適もしくは好適でない濃度のミネラル水溶液を接触させるに際し、ミネラルとともに、α，α−トレハロース又はα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体を共存せしめることを特徴とする生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する方法を提供することにより上記の課題を解決するものである。 That is, the present invention provides α, α-trehalose or a carbohydrate derivative of α, α-trehalose together with minerals when bringing a mineral aqueous solution having a concentration suitable for or not suitable for life activities into contact with a living body in contact with an aqueous environment. The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by providing a method for enhancing life activity and / or extending a suitable area for life activity characterized by coexistence.
また、本発明は、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する組成物を提供することにより上記の課題を解決するものである。 Moreover, this invention solves said subject by providing the composition which reinforces the vital activity of a biological body, and / or expands a suitable range of vital activity.
さらに本発明は、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する剤を提供することにより上記の課題を解決するものである。 Furthermore, this invention solves said subject by providing the agent which reinforces the vital activity of a biological body, and / or expands a suitable range of vital activity.
本発明によれば、生体が接する水系環境において、生体の生命活動を強化すること、さらには、ミネラル濃度が不適な水系環境にまで生命活動好適域を拡張することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the aqueous environment which a biological body touches, the biological activity of a biological body can be strengthened, Furthermore, a life activity suitable area can be extended to the aqueous system environment where a mineral concentration is unsuitable.
本発明でいう水系環境に接する生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する方法とは、通常水系環境に接する生体に対し、その環境となるミネラル水溶液中に、有効成分として、α，α−トレハロース又はその糖質誘導体を共存させることによって、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する方法である。 The method for enhancing the life activity of a living body in contact with an aqueous environment and / or expanding the suitable area for life activity as used in the present invention is as follows. This is a method for enhancing the life activity of a living body and / or extending the life activity suitable range by coexisting α, α-trehalose or a sugar derivative thereof.
本発明で用いられるα，α−トレハロースは、２分子のグルコースが還元末端同士でα，α結合してなる二糖であり、ミネラル水溶液中で生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張しうるものである限り、純度、存在形態、性状や調製方法は特定のものに限定されない。α，α−トレハロースの調製方法としては、例えば、同じ特許出願人による、特開平７−１４３８７６号公報、特開平７−２１３２８３号公報、特開平７−２９８８８０号公報、特開平７−３２２８８３号公報、特開平８−６６１８７号公報、特開平８−６６１８８号公報、特開平８−８４５８６号公報及び特開平８−３３６３８８号公報に開示された非還元性糖質生成酵素及びトレハロース遊離酵素を澱粉又は澱粉部分加水分解物に作用させる方法が好適である。この方法によるときには、廉価な材料である澱粉から、α，α−トレハロースが高収量で得られるので、経済的に極めて有利である。ちなみに、斯かる方法により調製された市販品としては、例えば、含水結晶α，α−トレハロース（登録商標『トレハ』、固形分量当りのα，α−トレハロース含量９８ｗ／ｗ％以上、株式会社林原商事販売）がある。なお、澱粉からのα，α−トレハロースの製法に起因する副産物の澱粉分解物は、還元性を有しており、アミノ基とメイラード反応を起こし褐変物質を生成しやすいことが知られている。副産物の澱粉分解物の還元性が本発明を実施するうえで障害となる場合は、ラネーニッケル法などの常法の水素添加方法により、副産物の澱粉分解物を糖アルコールに変換して非還元性にして利用することも随意である。 The α, α-trehalose used in the present invention is a disaccharide formed by binding α, α of two molecules of glucose between the reducing ends, and enhances the vital activity of a living body in a mineral aqueous solution and / or a suitable range of vital activity. As long as it can be expanded, purity, existing form, properties and preparation methods are not limited to specific ones. Examples of the method for preparing α, α-trehalose include, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 7-143766, 7-213283, 7-298880, and 7-32283, which are filed by the same patent applicant. Non-reducing carbohydrate-forming enzyme and trehalose-free enzyme disclosed in JP-A-8-66187, JP-A-8-66188, JP-A-8-84586 and JP-A-8-336388 A method of acting on a partially hydrolyzed starch is preferable. According to this method, α, α-trehalose can be obtained in high yield from starch, which is an inexpensive material, which is extremely advantageous economically. Incidentally, commercially available products prepared by such a method include, for example, hydrous crystals α, α-trehalose (registered trademark “Treha”, α, α-trehalose content per solid content of 98 w / w% or more, Hayashibara Corporation Sales). In addition, it is known that the by-product starch decomposition product resulting from the manufacturing method of (alpha), (alpha) -trehalose from starch has reducibility, and raise | generates a browning substance by causing a Maillard reaction with an amino group. If the reducibility of the by-product starch degradation product becomes an obstacle to the implementation of the present invention, the by-product starch degradation product is converted to sugar alcohol by the conventional hydrogenation method such as Raney nickel method to make it non-reducing. It is also optional to use.
本発明で用いられるα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体は、α，α−トレハロース分子に、例えば、グルコース、ガラクトース、フルクトースなどの単糖が、１又は複数個結合した構造を有し、ミネラル水溶液中で生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張しうるものである限り、α，α−トレハロースと付加される糖質との結合様式は用途に応じて適宜選択することができ、その純度、存在形態、性状、調製方法は特定のものに限定されない。α，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体としては、例えば、α−グルコシルα，α−トレハロース、α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース、α−マルトトリオシルα，α−トレハロースなどのα−グリコシルα，α−トレハロースなどがあり、これらα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体を含有する市販品としては、例えば、株式会社林原商事販売の商品名『ハローデックス』（固形分濃度７２ｗ／ｖ％以上のシラップであり、無水物換算で、α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを約５２ｗ／ｗ％、α−グルコシルα，α−トレハロースを約４ｗ／ｗ％、α−マルトトリオシルα，α−トレハロースを約１ｗ／ｗ％含有）がある。なお、α，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体とともに糖アルコールを含有する市販品としては、例えば、株式会社林原生物化学研究所販売の商品名『トルナーレ』（固形分濃度７２ｗ／ｖ％以上のシラップであり、無水物換算で、α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを約５３ｗ／ｗ％、マルトテトライトールを約１７ｗ／ｗ％、マルトトリイトールを約１１ｗ／ｗ％、マルチトール約を８ｗ／ｗ％、ソルビトールを約２ｗ／ｗ％含有）がある。 The carbohydrate derivative of α, α-trehalose used in the present invention has a structure in which one or more monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose and fructose are bonded to an α, α-trehalose molecule, and an aqueous mineral solution. As long as the life activity of the living body can be enhanced and / or the suitable range of life activity can be expanded, the binding mode of α, α-trehalose and the added carbohydrate can be appropriately selected according to the use. The purity, existing form, properties and preparation method are not limited to specific ones. Examples of carbohydrate derivatives of α, α-trehalose include α-glycosyl α, α such as α-glucosyl α, α-trehalose, α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose, α-maltotriosyl α, α-trehalose. -There are trehalose and the like, and as a commercial product containing a carbohydrate derivative of α, α-trehalose, for example, the trade name “Hellodex” sold by Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd. (with a syrup having a solid content concentration of 72 w / v% or more) Yes, in terms of anhydride, α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose is about 52 w / w%, α-glucosyl α, α-trehalose is about 4 w / w%, α-maltotriosyl α, α-trehalose is about 1 w. / W% content). In addition, as a commercial item containing sugar alcohol together with a sugar derivative of α, α-trehalose, for example, trade name “Tornale” (solid syrup with a solid content concentration of 72 w / v% or more) sold by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc. Yes, in terms of anhydride, α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose is about 53 w / w%, maltotetriitol is about 17 w / w%, maltotriitol is about 11 w / w%, maltitol about 8 w / w %, Containing about 2 w / w% sorbitol).
本発明でいう生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張するとは、水系環境に接する動物や植物などの生体にとって本来生命活動に好適なミネラル濃度の水系環境での生命活動をより活発に強化し、さらには、本来生命活動に好適でないミネラル濃度の水系環境中においても生命活動が可能な環境に改変することである。この結果、本来好適でないミネラル濃度の水系環境に接する生体が受けるはずの悪影響が緩和されることになる。生体にとっての本来の生命活動好適域は、ミネラルの種類や生体が属する生物の種類によっても異なるものの、生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張するという本発明の効果は、多種のミネラルにおいて観察される。特に、ナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属イオン濃度に対する生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張の程度を調べることで確認することができる。例えば、ナトリウムを主成分とするミネラルの場合では、海水又は汽水域の水系環境を最も好適な生命活動域のミネラル濃度として、それを基準にして±２ｗ／ｖ％、好ましくは±１．５ｗ／ｖ％、より好ましくは±１ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内において、生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する。例えば、望ましいミネラルの総和濃度が海水又は海水に相当する濃度（３ｗ／ｖ％）のような水系環境の場合には、１乃至５ｗ／ｖ％、好ましくは１．５乃至４．５ｗ／ｖ％、より好ましくは２乃至４ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内で、また、ミネラル濃度が０乃至３ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内で変化する汽水域では、例えば１．５ｗ／ｖ％の濃度で好適に生息する生体の場合には、０乃至３．５ｗ／ｖ％、好ましくは０乃至３．０ｗ／ｖ％、より好ましくは０．５乃至２．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内で本発明は効果を発揮する。また、通常、ミネラルを含有しない真水、淡水の場合においては、０乃至２ｗ／ｖ％、好ましくは０乃至１．５ｗ／ｖ％以下、より好ましくは０乃至１ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内で効果を発揮する。この際、有効成分であるα，α−トレハロース又はα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体は、水系環境中に、無水物換算で０．０１乃至４ｗ／ｖ％、好ましくは０．１乃至３ｗ／ｖ％の濃度の範囲内で含有させればよい。０．０１ｗ／ｖ％に満たない場合は効果が現れないことがあり、４ｗ／ｖ％を超える場合は、量の割に効果が発揮されず、含有させたα，α−トレハロース又はα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体による浸透圧の上昇が懸念され好ましくない。 The term “enhancing life activity” and / or “expanding a suitable area for life activity” as used in the present invention means more active life activity in an aqueous environment with a mineral concentration that is inherently suitable for life activity for living organisms such as animals and plants in contact with the aqueous environment. Further, it is to change to an environment in which life activity is possible even in an aqueous environment having a mineral concentration that is originally not suitable for life activity. As a result, an adverse effect that a living body in contact with an aqueous environment having a mineral concentration that is originally unsuitable should be mitigated. Although the suitable life activity suitable area for a living body varies depending on the kind of mineral and the kind of organism to which the living body belongs, the effect of the present invention for enhancing the life activity and / or expanding the suitable life activity area is various minerals. Observed in In particular, it can be confirmed by examining the degree of enhancement of the life activity and / or expansion of the suitable area for life activity with respect to the concentration of alkali metal ions such as sodium and potassium. For example, in the case of minerals mainly composed of sodium, the seawater or brackish water system environment is the most suitable mineral concentration in the life activity area, and ± 2 w / v%, preferably ± 1.5 w / v, based on it. Within the range of v%, more preferably within ± 1 w / v%, the life activity is strengthened and / or the life activity preferred range is expanded. For example, in the case of an aqueous environment such as seawater or a concentration corresponding to seawater (3 w / v%) where the desired total concentration of minerals is 1 to 5 w / v%, preferably 1.5 to 4.5 w / v% More preferably in the range of 2 to 4 w / v%, and in brackish water where the mineral concentration varies within the range of 0 to 3 w / v%, for example, suitably lives at a concentration of 1.5 w / v% In the case of a living body, the present invention exhibits an effect within the range of 0 to 3.5 w / v%, preferably 0 to 3.0 w / v%, more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 w / v%. . Usually, in the case of fresh water or fresh water not containing minerals, the effect is within the range of 0 to 2 w / v%, preferably 0 to 1.5 w / v% or less, more preferably 0 to 1 w / v%. Demonstrate. In this case, α, α-trehalose or α, α-trehalose saccharide derivative as an active ingredient is 0.01 to 4 w / v%, preferably 0.1 to 3 w / v in terms of anhydride in an aqueous environment. What is necessary is just to contain within the range of the density | concentration of v%. If it is less than 0.01 w / v%, the effect may not appear. If it exceeds 4 w / v % , the effect is not exhibited for the amount, and α, α-trehalose or α, α contained. -An increase in osmotic pressure due to a sugar derivative of trehalose is not preferable.
本発明の生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張方法は、有効成分として、α，α−トレハロース及び／又はα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体を用いることにより、多種類のミネラル水溶液で生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができる。ミネラルとしては、例えば、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、カリウム、カルシウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、鉛などのイオン化合物又は塩の形態のものが挙げられる。本発明の生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張方法は、上記したミネラルの１種又は２種以上の混合物に、α，α−トレハロース及び／又はα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体を共存させて、これらのミネラルとα，α−トレハロース及び／又はα，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体との組成物として、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する組成物として有利に利用できる。 The method for enhancing the life activity and / or extending the preferred range of the life activity of the present invention uses α, α-trehalose and / or a carbohydrate derivative of α, α-trehalose as an active ingredient, so that various kinds of mineral aqueous solutions are used. The life activity can be strengthened and / or the life activity suitable range can be expanded. Examples of the mineral include those in the form of ionic compounds or salts such as sodium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and lead. The method for enhancing life activity and / or extending the range of suitable life activity according to the present invention includes α, α-trehalose and / or a carbohydrate derivative of α, α-trehalose in one or a mixture of two or more of the minerals described above. As a composition of these minerals and α, α-trehalose and / or a sugar derivative of α, α-trehalose, a composition that enhances the life activity of the living body and / or extends the suitable range of life activity Can be used as advantageous.
上記した生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する組成物における、α，α−トレハロース及び／又はα，α−トレハロース糖質誘導体は、水系環境におけるミネラル濃度０乃至５ｗ／ｖ％水溶液中において、無水物換算で０．０１乃至４ｗ／ｖ％、望ましくは、０．１乃至３ｗ／ｖ％の濃度範囲とするのが好ましい。また、プレミックスとして、粉末状、濃縮液状の組成物とする場合、α，α−トレハロース及び／又はα，α−トレハロース糖質誘導体とミネラルとの混合比率は、ミネラルの種類、適応する生体の種類などに応じて適宜決定すればよく、通常、質量比で、１：１００乃至１００：１、好ましくは１：２０乃至２０：１、更に好ましくは５：１乃至１：５の範囲内とするのが好適である。 The α, α-trehalose and / or α, α-trehalose saccharide derivative in the composition for enhancing the life activity and / or extending the preferable range of the life activity is an aqueous solution having a mineral concentration of 0 to 5 w / v% in an aqueous environment. Among them, the concentration is preferably 0.01 to 4 w / v%, more preferably 0.1 to 3 w / v% in terms of anhydride. When the premix is a powdery or concentrated liquid composition, the mixing ratio of α, α-trehalose and / or α, α-trehalose saccharide derivative and mineral depends on the type of mineral, It may be determined appropriately according to the type and the like, and is usually in the range of 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 1:20 to 20: 1, more preferably 5: 1 to 1: 5 by mass ratio. Is preferred.
本発明の生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張方法の具体的な利用方法としては、農業用水に適用すれば、塩害防止の効果を発揮したり、高濃度のミネラルを含み農業用水として適さない水、例えば海水などを必要に応じて希釈して農業用水として用いることも可能となる。また、養殖用いけす、水槽などの用水として用いれば、魚介類の生命活動が活発になることにより、代謝が改善されて、身やせ（肉質劣化）を防止したり、有用な旨味成分を蓄積させたりすることができ、また、雨水の混入や水分の蒸発による水分の増減に起因するミネラル濃度の変化から飼育中の生体が受ける悪影響を緩和することができる。また、本発明の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する組成物は、例えば、天然海水、海洋深層水及び人工海水などの海水、培地、生体洗浄液などに用いれば、本来生命活動に好適でない濃度のミネラル水溶液の水系環境に接する生物の悪影響を緩和することができる。また、例えば、当該組成物を天然海水、海洋深層水及び人工海水などの海水、培地、洗浄液用の固形状又は濃縮液状のプレミックス形態にすれば、これを水に溶解又は希釈する際、その計量誤差の許容範囲を拡張することができるので、価値の高い動物、植物に用いる際にも安心して利用することができる。また、本発明の生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張方法並びに生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する組成物は、水系環境において、本来生命活動に好適でないミネラル濃度の水溶液においても、その生体を生存、発育させることができる。したがって、淡水魚介類、陸上植物、海水魚介類、海水植物などを本来好適でないミネラル濃度中で飼育、栽培することが可能となる。この特徴を利用して、本発明の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する組成物を、金魚、錦鯉などの淡水の魚介類の病気治療を目的とする食塩浴に利用すれば、本来淡水の魚類に好適でない濃度のミネラル水溶液から受ける悪影響を緩和しつつ、魚体の低ナトリウム症が改善されるので、病気治療の効果をさらに高めることができる。また、この場合、藻類、水草などの他の生物への悪影響が緩和されるので、水槽、池などで安心して食塩浴を行うことができる。さらに、本発明の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する組成物を、上記食塩浴に適用する場合においては、魚類の病症に適応した抗生物質、殺菌剤、抗ウイルス剤、ビタミン剤などの薬剤と併用することができる。また、本発明の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する方法によって、植物を栽培した場合、生体内に取り込まれたミネラルが有機化する割合が高くなるので、例えば、スプラウト食品などの生鮮野菜におけるミネラル補強をより効果的に行うことができる。また、魚介類の泥抜きや臭み抜き又は生きたままでの輸送などに適用すれば、生体の生命活動を損ねることなく、より効果的に目的を達成することができる。 As a concrete method of using the method for enhancing the life activity and / or expanding the suitable area for life activity according to the present invention, when applied to agricultural water, it exhibits an effect of preventing salt damage or contains a high concentration of mineral water. It is also possible to dilute water that is not suitable as water, such as seawater, if necessary, and use it as agricultural water. In addition, if used as water for aquaculture, aquarium, etc., the life activity of fish and shellfish becomes active, which improves metabolism and prevents weight loss (deterioration of meat quality) or accumulates useful umami components. Moreover, the bad influence which the biological body under breeding receives from the change of the mineral concentration resulting from the increase / decrease of the water | moisture content by mixing of rainwater or evaporation of a water | moisture content can be relieved. In addition, the composition for enhancing the life activity and / or expanding the suitable area for life activity of the present invention is inherently a life activity when used in seawater such as natural seawater, deep seawater and artificial seawater, culture medium, living body washing liquid and the like. It is possible to mitigate the adverse effects of organisms in contact with the aqueous environment of mineral aqueous solutions having a concentration not suitable for the above. In addition, for example, if the composition is made into a solid or concentrated liquid premix form for natural seawater, deep seawater and artificial seawater, medium, and washing liquid, when dissolving or diluting it in water, Since the allowable range of measurement error can be expanded, it can be used with peace of mind when used for high-value animals and plants. In addition, the method for enhancing the life activity and / or expanding the preferable area for life activity and the composition for enhancing the life activity and / or extending the preferable area for the life activity according to the present invention have a mineral concentration that is not originally suitable for life activity in an aqueous environment. Even in this aqueous solution, the living body can survive and grow. Therefore, it becomes possible to breed and cultivate freshwater fish and shellfish, land plants, seawater fish and shellfish, seawater plants, etc. in mineral concentrations that are not originally suitable. By utilizing this feature, the composition for enhancing the life activity and / or expanding the suitable area for the life activity of the present invention can be used for a salt bath for treating diseases of freshwater seafood such as goldfish and carp. Since the hyponatrism of the fish body is ameliorated while alleviating the adverse effects of the mineral aqueous solution having a concentration which is not originally suitable for freshwater fish, the effect of disease treatment can be further enhanced. Further, in this case, since adverse effects on other organisms such as algae and aquatic plants are alleviated, a salt bath can be safely performed in a water tank or a pond. Further, when the composition for enhancing the life activity and / or expanding the preferable range of the life activity of the present invention is applied to the salt bath, antibiotics, bactericides, antiviral agents, vitamins adapted to fish diseases Can be used in combination with drugs such as drugs. In addition, when a plant is cultivated by the method for enhancing the life activity and / or expanding the life activity suitable area of the present invention, the ratio of the organic matter incorporated into the living body becomes high, so, for example, sprout food Mineral reinforcement in fresh vegetables can be performed more effectively. Moreover, if it is applied to the removal of mud and odor from seafood or transportation while living, the purpose can be achieved more effectively without impairing the life activity of the living body.
本発明が望ましく適用可能な水系環境に接する生体としては、海水、汽水域又は淡水に生息する動植物、例えば、魚介類又は植物全般が挙げられる。魚介類としては、例えば、サケ、マス、イワナ、アユ、ワカサギ、ニシン、イワシ、ウナギ、アナゴ、トビウオ、サンマ、タラ、アンコウ、スズキ、ボラ、タイ、アジ、ブリ、サバ、カツオ、サワラ、マグロ、タチウオ、カサゴ、アイナメ、オコゼ、カレイ、ヒラメ、フグ、カワハギ、サメ、エイ、コイ、フナ、ハゼ、ドジョウ、ナマズなどの魚類、熱帯魚、金魚、錦鯉、メダカなどの鑑賞魚、クルマエビ、イセエビなどのエビ類、ワタリガニ、ケガニ、シャンハイガニ、ズワイガニ、タラバガニ、シャコなどのカニ類、アワビ、サザエ、バイ、ツブ、アカガイ、ミルガイ、トリガイ、アオヤギ、マテガイ、アサリ、ハマグリ、カキ、ホタテガイ、イガイ、シジミなどの貝類、ウニ、ナマコなどの棘皮動物、イカ、タコなどの軟体動物類、ホヤ類、クラゲ類、又はこれらの受精卵、卵子、精子、稚魚などが列挙できる。植物としては、イネ、ムギ、ダイズ、トウモロコシなどの穀物、ワカメ、コンブなどの藻類、キャベツ、レタスなどの野菜類、モヤシ、アルファルファなどのスプラウト食品などが列挙できる。 Examples of living organisms that are in contact with an aqueous environment to which the present invention is desirably applicable include animals and plants that inhabit seawater, brackish water, or fresh water, for example, seafood or plants in general. Examples of seafood include salmon, trout, char, ayu, smelt, herring, sardine, eel, anago, flying fish, saury, cod, anglerfish, perch, mullet, thailand, horse mackerel, yellowtail, mackerel, skipjack, sawara, tuna , Fishes such as sea bream, scorpionfish, eel, okoze, flounder, flounder, puffer, kawahagi, shark, ray, carp, crucianfish, goby, loach, catfish, tropical fish, goldfish, Nishikigoi, medaka shrimp, blue crab, Ind., Shanghai crab, snow crab, king crab, crab such as mantis shrimp, a word bi, turban, by, Tsubu, infrared, Mirugai, cockles, Aoyagi, Gould's Razor Shell, clams, clams, oysters, scallops, mussels , Shellfish such as rainbow trout, echinoderms such as sea urchin and sea cucumber, molluscs such as squid and octopus, S, jellyfish, or their embryo, egg, sperm, etc. fry can be enumerated. Examples of plants include grains such as rice, wheat, soybean, and corn, algae such as wakame and kombu, vegetables such as cabbage and lettuce, and sprout foods such as sprout and alfalfa.
以下、実験により、本発明にかかる生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張に与える糖質の影響について、動物の例として、海水に生息するアサリ、淡水に棲息するシジミ、ゲンゴロウブナ及び金魚を、植物の例として淡水にて発芽する玄米及びアルファルファを用いて、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, experiments, the effect of carbohydrate to be applied to enhance and / or life activity expansion of the preferred range of life activities according to the present invention, examples of animal, clams inhabiting seawater, freshwater clam inhabiting freshwater, Carassius cuvieri and Goldfish will be described in detail using brown rice and alfalfa that germinate in fresh water as plant examples.
＜実験１：アサリの生命活動強化に影響を及ぼす糖質の検索＞
海水に棲息する魚介類としてアサリ（Ｒｕｄｉｔａｐｅｓ ｐｈｉｌｉｐｐｉｎａｒｕｍ）を用いて、各濃度のミネラル水溶液に各種糖質を含有させた際の生命活動好適域を調べた。すなわち、２日間汲置きした水道水に、ミネラルとして、粗塩（８５質量％の塩化ナトリウム、及び１５質量％のマグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩及びカリウム塩）を、後記表１に記載の濃度になるように、それぞれ溶解し、さらにそれぞれに各種糖質（Ｄ−グルコース、マルトース、スクロース、マルチトール、α，α−トレハロース、α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース、マルトテトラオース及び環状四糖のうちいずれか）を無水物換算で１ｗ／ｖ％になるように溶解した溶液を調製し、これをそれぞれ含有する水溶液をプラスチック製のバットに入れた。このバットに、前もって活動的な個体のみを選抜しておいたアサリを１群１８個ずつ入れ、容器に黒布を被せて遮光し、室温（１８℃）で１６時間静置した。また、対照には、糖質を含まない粗塩水溶液を用いた。なお、α，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体であるα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース及び環状四糖以外は市販の試薬を使用し、α，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体であるα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、特開平７−１４３８７６号公報実験４に開示される方法にしたがって、９８ｗ／ｗ％以上の純度の粉末品を用いた。環状四糖は、国際特許公開ＷＯ０２／１０３６１の実施例Ａ−７に開示される方法にしたがって調製した固形分当りの純度９８ｗ／ｗ％以上の含水結晶を用いた。
<Experiment 1: Search for carbohydrates that affect the clam life activity>
Using clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) as seafood inhabiting seawater, the preferred range of life activity when various sugars were contained in mineral aqueous solutions of various concentrations was investigated. That is, crude water (85% by mass sodium chloride, and 15% by mass magnesium salt, calcium salt and potassium salt) is added to the tap water stored for 2 days as a mineral so as to have a concentration described in Table 1 below. , Each dissolved, and various saccharides (D-glucose, maltose, sucrose, maltitol, α, α-trehalose, α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose, maltotetraose and cyclic tetrasaccharide). Were prepared so as to be 1 w / v% in terms of anhydride, and aqueous solutions each containing the solution were placed in a plastic vat. A group of 18 clams, which had been selected only from active individuals in advance, was placed in this vat, covered with a black cloth, shielded from light, and allowed to stand at room temperature (18 ° C.) for 16 hours. As a control, a crude salt aqueous solution containing no sugar was used. In addition, α-maltosyl which is a carbohydrate derivative of α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α which is a carbohydrate derivative of α, α-trehalose using commercially available reagents other than α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose and cyclic tetrasaccharide. As α-trehalose, a powder product having a purity of 98 w / w% or more was used according to the method disclosed in Experiment 4 of JP-A-7-143876. As the cyclic tetrasaccharide, a water-containing crystal having a purity of 98 w / w% or more per solid content prepared according to the method disclosed in Example A-7 of International Patent Publication WO02 / 10361 was used.
各種糖質共存の影響の評価は、目視により、各アサリの生命活動状況を水管の伸張の程度によって判定し、水管がよく伸びているものを３点、貝から水管がわずかに出ているものを２点、貝が開いているものの水管を出していないものを１点、貝が閉じられているものを０点とし、１８個のアサリの合計点を生命活動状況の評価点として評価した。結果を表１に示す。 Evaluation of the influence of various carbohydrates is made by visually observing the life activity of each clam according to the degree of extension of the water pipe. 2 points, 1 point for open shellfish but no water pipe, 0 point for closed shellfish, and the total score of 18 clams was evaluated as an evaluation point of life activity status. The results are shown in Table 1.
表１に示すとおり、対照として用いた糖質を含有しないミネラル（粗塩）水溶液の場合、海水のミネラル濃度付近に相当する２．５乃至３．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内で、アサリは水管をよく伸ばし活動的であり（評価点４２乃至４８）、２．０ｗ／ｖ％以下及び４．０ｗ／ｖ％以上のミネラル濃度では活動が鈍り、好適な生命活動域でないことが観察された（評価点２９又は２８以下）。アサリの生命活動好適域はミネラル濃度２．５乃至３．５ｗ／ｖ％であることが判明した。一方、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有するミネラル水溶液では、海水のミネラル濃度付近に相当する２．５乃至３．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲で生命活動がさらに強化されたのに加えて（評価点５０乃至５４又は４９乃至５３）、ミネラル濃度１．０乃至５．０ｗ／ｖ％の範囲、好ましくは、１．５乃至４．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲、さらに好ましくは、２．０乃至４ｗ／ｖ％の範囲で評価点が高くアサリは活動的であり、α，α−トレハロース及びα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースが、明らかにアサリの生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張していることが確認された。しかしながら、他の糖質ではこのような結果は得られなかった。したがって、この結果は、α，α−トレハロース及びα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、海水に棲息する魚介類の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができることを示している。 As shown in Table 1, in the case of a mineral (crude salt) aqueous solution that does not contain a saccharide used as a control, the clam has a water pipe within a range of 2.5 to 3.5 w / v% corresponding to the vicinity of the mineral concentration of seawater. It was observed that it was well stretched and active (assessment point 42 to 48), and the activity was dull at a mineral concentration of 2.0 w / v% or less and 4.0 w / v% or more and was not a suitable life activity area (evaluation) Points 29 or 28 or less). It was found that the clam life activity suitable range is 2.5 to 3.5 w / v% mineral concentration. On the other hand, in the mineral aqueous solution containing α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose, life activity is further enhanced in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 w / v% corresponding to the vicinity of the mineral concentration of seawater. In addition (evaluation point 50 to 54 or 49 to 53), the mineral concentration is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 w / v%, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4.5 w / v%, more preferably Has a high score in the range of 2.0 to 4 w / v%, and clams are active, and α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose clearly enhance the life activity of clams and / or Or it was confirmed that the life activity suitable area was expanded. However, such results were not obtained with other carbohydrates. Therefore, this result indicates that α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose can enhance the life activity of seafood inhabiting seawater and / or extend the suitable area for life activity. .
＜実験２：アサリの生命活動強化に影響を及ぼすα，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの共存濃度の検討＞
実験１において、α，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの効果が顕著であったミネラル濃度１．５ｗ／ｖ％又は４．５ｗ／ｖ％のミネラル水溶液において、α，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの濃度を無水物換算として０．０１、０．１、１、２、３、４ｗ／ｖ％として、実験１の方法に準じて、α，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの有効な濃度範囲を調べ評価した。また、対照として、濃度１．５ｗ／ｖ％又は４．５ｗ／ｖ％のミネラルのみを含み、糖質を含まない水溶液を用いて同様の実験を行った。結果を表２に示す。
<Experiment 2: Examination of co-existing concentration of α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose affecting the vital activity of clams>
In Experiment 1, α, α-trehalose was used in a mineral aqueous solution having a mineral concentration of 1.5 w / v% or 4.5 w / v% where the effect of α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was remarkable. Alternatively, the concentration of α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose is set to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 4 w / v% in terms of anhydride, and α, α-trehalose or The effective concentration range of α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was examined and evaluated. As a control, the same experiment was performed using an aqueous solution containing only a mineral having a concentration of 1.5 w / v% or 4.5 w / v% and not containing a carbohydrate. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２に示すとおり、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、１．５ｗ／ｖ％又は４．５ｗ／ｖ％ミネラル（粗塩）水溶液においては、０．０１乃至４ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内、好ましくは０．１乃至３ｗ／ｖ％の濃度範囲内でミネラル水溶液に含有するときに評価点が高く、アサリの生命活動好適域を拡張する効果を発揮した。以上のアサリを用いた実験は、α，α−トレハロース及びα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、アサリに代表される海水に棲息する魚介類の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができることを示している。 As shown in Table 2, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose is 0.01 to 4 w / v in a 1.5 w / v% or 4.5 w / v% mineral (crude salt) aqueous solution. %, Preferably within the concentration range of 0.1 to 3 w / v%, the evaluation score was high when contained in the mineral aqueous solution, and the effect of expanding the clam life activity suitable range was exhibited. As for the experiment using the above clams, α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose enhance the life activity of seafood inhabited by seawater typified by clams and / or expand the suitable area for life activity. Shows that you can.
＜実験３：糖質によるアサリ可食部の肉質及び旨味成分への影響＞
通常の海水における食塩濃度（３ｗ／ｖ％）に１ｗ／ｖ％のトレハロース又はスクロースを含有させることによる、アサリ可食部の肉質及び旨味成分への影響を調べた。
すなわち、実験１の方法に準じて、２日間汲置きした水道水に、ミネラルとして、粗塩（８５質量％の塩化ナトリウム、及び１５質量％のマグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩及びカリウム塩）を、約３ｗ／ｖ％の濃度になるように溶解した後、α，α−トレハロース又はスクロースを１ｗ／ｖ％となるように溶解し、プラスチック製のバットに入れた。このバットに、前もって活動的な個体のみを選抜しておいたアサリを１群６個ずつ入れ、容器に黒布を被せて遮光し、室温（１８℃）で１６時間静置した。また、対照には、糖質を含まない粗塩水溶液を用いた。アサリの殻を割り可食部を採取し、その肉質を指で押して弾力性を、対照のアサリ可食部と比較して評価した。次に、採取したアサリ可食部に５０ｍｌの２０ｍＭ硫酸を添加し、ホモジナイザーによりホモジナイズし、遠心分離により水溶液を採取し、アドバンテック社製の商品名『ウルトラフィルターユニットＵＳＹ−１』で濾過し、夾雑タンパク質を除去した。これを分析用カラム『ＳＣＳ５−２５２』及び『ＰＣＳ５−０５２』（横河電機株式会社販売）をセットしたイオンクロマトアナライザー（商品名『ＩＣ５００Ｐ』、横河電機株式会社販売）を用いて、常法により、旨味成分である各有機酸（コハク酸、リンゴ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、及びそれらの総量）含量を定量分析し、対照のアサリ可食部の各有機酸含量に対する相対値を求めた。結果を表３に示す。
<Experiment 3: Effect of sugar on meat quality and umami components of clam edible portion>
The influence of the clam edible portion on the meat quality and umami components by adding 1 w / v% trehalose or sucrose to the salt concentration (3 w / v%) in normal seawater was examined.
That is, according to the method of Experiment 1, tap water that had been pumped for 2 days was mixed with crude salt (85 mass% sodium chloride, and 15 mass% magnesium salt, calcium salt, and potassium salt) as a mineral. After dissolving to a concentration of v%, α, α-trehalose or sucrose was dissolved to 1 w / v% and placed in a plastic vat. A set of six clams, which had been selected only for active individuals in advance, was placed in this vat, covered with a black cloth, shielded from light, and allowed to stand at room temperature (18 ° C.) for 16 hours. As a control, a crude salt aqueous solution containing no sugar was used. An edible portion was collected by splitting the clam shell, and its elasticity was evaluated by pushing the meat quality with a finger in comparison with a control clam edible portion. Next, 50 ml of 20 mM sulfuric acid is added to the collected clam edible portion, homogenized with a homogenizer, an aqueous solution is collected by centrifugation, filtered with a trade name “Ultra Filter Unit USY-1” manufactured by Advantech, and contaminated. Protein was removed. Using an ion chromatograph analyzer (trade name “IC500P”, sold by Yokogawa Electric Corporation) in which analytical columns “SCS5-252” and “PCS5-052” (sold by Yokogawa Electric Corporation) are set, this is the usual method. Thus, the content of each organic acid (succinic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and their total amount), which is an umami component, was quantitatively analyzed, and a relative value for each organic acid content of the control clam edible portion was determined. The results are shown in Table 3.
表３に示すとおり、α，α−トレハロースを共存させたアサリ可食部の肉質は弾力性に優れており、活きが良く身やせがないことが確認された。また、それに含まれる旨味成分である有機酸含量、とりわけ、コハク酸及びリンゴ酸含量が増加していた。この結果から、α，α−トレハロースは、アサリに吸収代謝されてエネルギーとなることにより、アサリの生命活動を強化するだけでなく、アサリ可食部の肉質を弾力性に富むものとし、旨味成分含量も向上させることが判明した。 As shown in Table 3, it was confirmed that the meat quality of the clam edible portion in which α, α-trehalose coexists was excellent in elasticity and lived well and did not lose weight. Moreover, the organic acid content which is an umami component contained in it, especially the succinic acid and malic acid content increased. From this result, α, α-trehalose is absorbed and metabolized by clams to become energy, which not only enhances the life activity of clams, but also makes the meat quality of clams edible part highly elastic, Was also found to improve.
＜実験４：マシジミの生命活動強化に影響を及ぼす糖質の検索＞
淡水に棲息する魚介類としてマシジミ（Ｃｏｒｂｉｃｕｌａ ｌｅａｎａ）を用いて、各種糖質を含むミネラル水溶液での生命活動の強化した場合の生命活動好適域を調べた。すなわち、２日間汲置きした水道水に、ミネラルとして、粗塩（８５質量％の塩化ナトリウム、及び１５質量％のマグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩及びカリウム塩）を、後記表４に記載の濃度になるように、それぞれ溶解し、さらにそれぞれに各種糖質（Ｄ−グルコース、マルトース、スクロース、マルチトール、α，α−トレハロース、α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース、マルトテトラオース及び環状四糖のうちいずれか）を無水物換算で１ｗ／ｖ％になるように溶解した溶液を調製し、これをそれぞれプラスチック製のバットに入れた。このバットに、前もって活動的な個体のみを選抜しておいたマシジミを１群１８個ずつ入れ、容器に黒布を被せて遮光し、室温（１８℃）で１６時間静置した。また、対照には、糖質を含まない粗塩水溶液を用いた。実験１と同様にして、各マシジミの生命活動状況を水管の伸張の程度によって目視により判定し、生命活動状況を調べ評価した。結果を表４に示す。
<Experiment 4: Retrieval of carbohydrates that have an effect on enhancing the life activity of rainbow trout>
Using sea bass (Corbicula leana) as fish and shellfish that live in fresh water, the life activity suitable area when the life activity was strengthened with a mineral aqueous solution containing various carbohydrates was investigated. That is, crude water (85% by mass sodium chloride, and 15% by mass magnesium salt, calcium salt and potassium salt) is added to the tap water stored for two days as a mineral so as to have a concentration described in Table 4 below. , Each dissolved, and various saccharides (D-glucose, maltose, sucrose, maltitol, α, α-trehalose, α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose, maltotetraose and cyclic tetrasaccharide). Were prepared so as to be 1 w / v% in terms of anhydride, and each was placed in a plastic vat. In this bat, 18 mojimi per group, which had been selected only from active individuals in advance, were put in a bat, covered with a black cloth, shielded from light, and allowed to stand at room temperature (18 ° C.) for 16 hours. As a control, a crude salt aqueous solution containing no sugar was used. In the same manner as in Experiment 1, the life activity status of each Masjimi was judged visually by the degree of extension of the water pipe, and the life activity status was examined and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
表４に示すとおり、糖質を含有しないミネラル（粗塩）水溶液の場合、マシジミはミネラル濃度０乃至０．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内で活動的（評価点５０乃至４８点）であるものの、１ｗ／ｖ％以上のミネラル濃度では活動が鈍り（評価点２１点以下）、好適な生命活動域でないことが観察された。この結果、マシジミの生命活動好適域は、ミネラル濃度０乃至０．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内であることが判明した。一方、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有するミネラル水溶液では、淡水のミネラル濃度付近に相当する０乃至０．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲で生命活動がさらに活性化できるのに加えて（評価点５４乃至５３）、マシジミの生命活動はミネラル濃度０乃至２．０ｗ／ｖ％の範囲、好ましくは、０乃至１．５ｗ／ｖ％の範囲、さらに好ましくは、０乃至１ｗ／ｖ％の範囲で評価点が高く活動的であり、ミネラル水溶液から受ける悪影響が緩和されていた。しかしながら、他の糖質ではこのような結果は得られなかった。したがって、この結果は、α，α−トレハロース及びα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを水系環境に含有させることにより、淡水に棲息する魚介類の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができることを示している。 As shown in Table 4, in the case of a mineral (crude salt) aqueous solution that does not contain a saccharide, mashiji is active (evaluation point 50 to 48 points) within a mineral concentration range of 0 to 0.5 w / v%, but 1 w It was observed that the activity was slow (minority score of 21 points or less) at a mineral concentration of / v% or more, and it was not a suitable life activity area. As a result, it was found that the suitable range of life activity for the mussel is in the range of 0 to 0.5 w / v% mineral concentration. On the other hand, in the mineral aqueous solution containing α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose, life activity can be further activated in a range of 0 to 0.5 w / v% corresponding to the mineral concentration of fresh water. In addition to the above (evaluation points 54 to 53), the life activity of the mussel is in the range of mineral concentration 0 to 2.0 w / v%, preferably in the range of 0 to 1.5 w / v%, more preferably 0 to 1 w. The evaluation score was high and active in the range of / v%, and the adverse effects from the aqueous mineral solution were alleviated. However, such results were not obtained with other carbohydrates. Therefore, this result shows that by containing α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose in the aquatic environment, the life activity of seafood living in fresh water is enhanced and / or the life activity suitable area is expanded. It shows that you can.
＜実験５：マシジミの生命活動強化に影響を及ぼすα，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの共存濃度の検討＞
実験４において、α，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの効果が顕著であったミネラル濃度１．５ｗ／ｖ％水溶液において、α，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの濃度を無水物換算で０．０１、０．１、１、２、３、４ｗ／ｖ％として、実験４の方法に準じて、α，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの有効な濃度範囲を調べ評価した。また、対照として、濃度１．５ｗ／ｖ％のミネラルのみを含み、糖質を含まない水溶液を用いて同様の実験を行った。結果を表５に示す。
<Experiment 5: Examination of coexisting concentration of α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose that affects the life activity of rainbow trout>
In Experiment 4, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was used in an aqueous solution of 1.5 w / v% mineral concentration where the effect of α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was remarkable. In accordance with the method of Experiment 4, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was adjusted to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 3 , 4 w / v% in terms of anhydride. An effective concentration range was examined and evaluated. Further, as a control, the same experiment was performed using an aqueous solution containing only a mineral having a concentration of 1.5 w / v% and containing no carbohydrate. The results are shown in Table 5.
表５に示すとおり、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、１．５ｗ／ｖ％ミネラル水溶液において、０．０１乃至４ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内、好ましくは０．１乃至３ｗ／ｖ％の濃度範囲内で評価点が高く、マシジミの生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する効果を発揮した。以上のマシジミを用いた実験から、α，α−トレハロース及びα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースはマシジミに代表される海水に棲息する魚介類の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができることが判明した。 As shown in Table 5, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose is within a range of 0.01 to 4 w / v%, preferably 0.1 to 4% in a 1.5 w / v% mineral aqueous solution. The evaluation point was high within the concentration range of 3 w / v%, and the effect of enhancing the life activity and / or extending the suitable area for life activity of Masjimi was demonstrated. Based on the above experiments using rainbow trout, α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose enhance the life activities of seafood that are inhabited by sea bream and / or expand the suitable area for life activities. It turns out that you can.
＜実験６：α，α−トレハロース及びα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース共存によるミネラル水溶液中における玄米の発芽に及ぼす影響＞
農作物として玄米を用いて、糖質を含有するミネラル水溶液での生命活動好適域を調べた。すなわち、水道水にミネラルとして市販の精製食塩を、後記表６に記載のように、０．５、１．０、１．５又は２．０ｗ／ｖ％の濃度になるようにそれぞれ溶解し、さらに、それぞれにα，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを無水物換算で１ｗ／ｖ％になるように溶解した溶液を調製し、これをそれぞれ脱脂綿に適量染み込ませて、プラスチック製フタ付きシャーレに敷き詰め、市販の玄米をその上に一群２０粒ずつ並べた後、黒布で遮光して、室温（２５℃）で静置した。また、対照として、糖質を含有しないミネラル水溶液及び糖質もミネラルも含まない水を用いた。２４、４８、７２、９６及び１２０時間後に玄米の発芽状況を調べ、発芽した玄米の数を計数した。結果を表６に示す。
<Experiment 6: Effect of α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose on germination of brown rice in mineral aqueous solution>
Using brown rice as an agricultural product, we investigated the suitable area for life activity in mineral aqueous solutions containing carbohydrates. That is, commercially available purified sodium chloride as a mineral in tap water is dissolved to have a concentration of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 w / v% as shown in Table 6 below, Furthermore, each prepared a solution in which α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was dissolved so as to be 1 w / v% in terms of anhydride, and each was soaked in an appropriate amount into absorbent cotton and made of plastic. After spreading on a petri dish with a lid and arranging 20 grains of commercially available brown rice on each group, it was shielded from light with a black cloth and allowed to stand at room temperature (25 ° C.). Further, as a control, a mineral aqueous solution containing no sugar and water containing neither sugar nor mineral were used. After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours, germination of brown rice was examined, and the number of germinated brown rice was counted. The results are shown in Table 6.
表６に示すとおり、４８時間乃至１２０時間での玄米の発芽数は、ミネラル水溶液の場合よりも、ミネラル水溶液にα，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを共存させた場合の方が多かった。これを７２時間後の結果でみると、糖質もミネラルも含まない水を用いた場合には、発芽数が２０個であるのに対し、これにミネラルだけが加わり、ミネラル濃度０．５ｗ／ｖ％、１．０ｗ／ｖ％、１．５ｗ／ｖ％及び２．０ｗ／ｖ％の場合の発芽数は、それぞれ、１４個、４個、０個、０個となる。これらミネラル濃度のものにα，α−トレハロースが共存する場合の発芽数は、それぞれ、２０個、２０個、４個、０個となり、また、α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースが加わると１９個、１０個、３個、０個となる。したがって、ミネラル水溶液にα，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを共存せしめることは、ミネラル水溶液中における玄米の発芽を促進することが判明した。この結果から、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、ミネラル水溶液濃度１．５ｗ／ｖ％以下、好ましくは１．０ｗ／ｖ％以下における玄米の発芽を促進する効果を有しており、玄米のミネラル水溶液中での生命活動好適域を拡張する効果を発揮することが明らかとなった。 As shown in Table 6, the germination number of brown rice in 48 hours to 120 hours is greater when α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose coexists in the mineral aqueous solution than in the case of the mineral aqueous solution. There were many. In the result after 72 hours, when water containing neither sugar nor mineral is used, the number of germination is 20, whereas only mineral is added to this, and the mineral concentration is 0.5 w / v%, 1.0w / v%, germination number in the case of 1.5 w / v% and 2.0 w / v%, respectively, 14, 4, 0, and 0. When α, α-trehalose coexists with these mineral concentrations, the germination numbers are 20, 20, 4, and 0, respectively, and 19 when α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose is added. There are 10, 3, and 0. Therefore, it was found that coexistence of α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose in the mineral aqueous solution promotes germination of brown rice in the mineral aqueous solution. From this result, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose has an effect of promoting germination of brown rice at a mineral aqueous solution concentration of 1.5 w / v% or less, preferably 1.0 w / v% or less. It has been clarified that it exhibits the effect of expanding the life activity suitable area in the mineral aqueous solution of brown rice.
＜実験７：ミネラル溶液中における玄米の発芽に影響を及ぼすα，α−トレハロース又はα，α−トレハロース誘導体の共存濃度の検討＞
実験６において、α，α−トレハロースまたはα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの効果が顕著であった濃度１．５ｗ／ｖ％ミネラル（食塩）水溶液において、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースの濃度を無水物換算で０．０１、０．１、１、２、３、４、６ｗ／ｖ％として、玄米の発芽における生命活動好適域の拡張に与えるα，α−トレハロース及びマルトシルα，α−トレハロースの有効な濃度範囲を、実験６の方法に準じて、玄米の発芽数及び発芽時間を指標にして調べた。対照として、糖質もミネラルも含まない水を用いた。結果を表７に示す。
<Experiment 7: Examination of coexisting concentration of α, α-trehalose or α, α-trehalose derivative affecting brown rice germination in mineral solution>
In Experiment 6, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-maltosyl α, α-maltosyl α, α-maltosyl α, α-maltosyl α, The concentration of α-trehalose is set to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 w / v% in terms of anhydride, and α, α-trehalose is given to expand the life activity suitable area in germination of brown rice and The effective concentration range of maltosyl α, α-trehalose was examined according to the method of Experiment 6 using the germination number and germination time of brown rice as indicators. As a control, water containing neither sugar nor mineral was used. The results are shown in Table 7.
表７に示すとおり、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、１．５ｗ／ｖ％ミネラル水溶液においては、０．０１乃至４ｗ／ｖ％の範囲内、好ましくは０．１乃至３ｗ／ｖ％の濃度範囲内で、玄米の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張する効果を発揮した。以上の玄米を用いた実験の結果から、α，α−トレハロース及びα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースは、玄米に代表される農作物において、ミネラル水溶液中での生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができることを示している。 As shown in Table 7, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose is within a range of 0.01 to 4 w / v%, preferably 0.1 in a 1.5 w / v% mineral aqueous solution. Within the concentration range of 3 to 3 w / v%, the effect of strengthening the vital activity of brown rice and / or expanding the suitable range of vital activity was exhibited. From the results of the above experiments using brown rice, α, α-trehalose and α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose enhance life activity in mineral aqueous solution and / or favor life activity in agricultural products represented by brown rice. Indicates that the area can be extended.
＜実験８：α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースによるミネラル水溶液中におけるスプラウト植物食品（アルファルファ）の発芽に及ぼす影響＞
１ｗ／ｖ％ミネラル（食塩）とともに、無水物換算で１ｗ／ｖ％α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有する水溶液を脱脂綿に湿らせ、透明の容器に入れ、それに市販のアルファルファの種子を各群１００粒ずつ播種した。また、比較例として、ミネラルのみ、α，α−トレハロースのみ、又は、α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースのみ含有する水を、対照として水を用いた。透明の蓋をした後、１８℃で３日間室内で間接光下で栽培した後、アルファルファの地上部（茎）の長さの平均値を算出し、対照の水におけるその長さと比較し、相対伸張率を算出した。また、２０名のパネラーに食してもらい、対照の水で栽培したものと風味を比較判定してもらった。結果を表８に示す。
<Experiment 8: Effect of α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose on germination of sprout plant food (alfalfa) in mineral aqueous solution>
Along with 1 w / v% mineral (salt), an aqueous solution containing 1 w / v% α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose in terms of anhydride is moistened with absorbent cotton, placed in a transparent container and marketed in it. the alfalfa seeds were 100 grains not a One sowing each group. Moreover, as a comparative example, water containing only minerals, only α, α-trehalose, or only α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was used as a control. After covering with a transparent lid, after cultivating indoors under indirect light at 18 ° C. for 3 days, the average length of the alfalfa aerial part (stem) was calculated and compared with the length in the control water, The elongation rate was calculated. In addition, 20 panelists eaten the food and compared it with the water grown in the control water. The results are shown in Table 8.
表８の結果から、ミネラル（食塩）のみを含有する水で栽培したアルファルファは、地上部の伸張率が低く、風味についてもやや改善されたに過ぎなかった。一方、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有する水で栽培した場合、アルファルファの地上部の伸張率を保持したまま、風味の改善もある程度なされており、さらに、これらにミネラルを含有させた場合、風味の改善が著明であり、ミネラルを含有しているにもかかわらず、伸張率の低下はほとんど認められなかった。この結果は、１ｗ／ｖ％ミネラルとともに、１ｗ／ｖ％α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有する水溶液で栽培することにより、アルファルファの地上部の伸張及び風味を良好にすることが可能であることを示している。 From the results of Table 8, alfalfa cultivated with water containing only mineral (salt) had a low above-ground elongation rate and was only slightly improved in flavor. On the other hand, when cultivated with water containing α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose, the flavor has been improved to some extent while maintaining the above-mentioned elongation rate of alfalfa. When minerals were included, the flavor was markedly improved, and despite the inclusion of minerals, almost no decrease in elongation was observed. This result shows that the growth and flavor of alfalfa is improved by growing in an aqueous solution containing 1 w / v% mineral and 1 w / v% α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose. It shows that it is possible to do.
＜実験９：淡水魚の臭み抜き＞
体長１５乃至２０ｃｍの生きたゲンゴロウブナ（Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓ ｃｕｖｉｅｒｉ）を、１ｗ／ｖ％ミネラル（粗塩）とともに、無水物換算で１ｗ／ｖ％α,α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有する水溶液を１０Ｌ入れた水槽の中で、２匹ずつ室温で３日間飼育した。比較例として、ミネラルのみ、α,α−トレハロースのみ、又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースのみを含有する水を用い、対照として、ミネラル及び糖質を含まない水を用いて上記と同様にして飼育した。フナの活きを目視により観察した後、ゲンゴロウブナを刺身にして、２０名のパネラーに食してもらい、風味（臭みの有無）の評価を、対照と比較して、臭みの無い場合を「良好」、対照と比べて臭みが弱い場合を「やや良好」、対照と同程度に臭みがある場合を「普通」、対照よりも臭みが強い場合を「悪い」の４段階でそれぞれ評価した。結果を表９に示す。
<Experiment 9: Deodorizing freshwater fish>
Live Gentian beech (Carassius cubieri) 15 to 20 cm long contains 1 w / v% mineral (crude salt) and 1 w / v% α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose in terms of anhydride Two animals were bred at room temperature for 3 days in a water tank containing 10 L of an aqueous solution. As a comparative example, using water containing only minerals, only α, α-trehalose, or only α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose, and as a control, using water not containing minerals and carbohydrates in the same manner as described above. Raised. After visually observing the life of the crucian carp, the gorgeous beech is sashimi and eaten by 20 panelists, and the taste (no smell) is evaluated as “good” when compared to the control. The case where the odor was weaker than the control was rated as “slightly good”, the case where the odor was as good as the control was “normal”, and the case where the odor was stronger than the control was evaluated in four levels. The results are shown in Table 9.
表９の結果から、ミネラルのみを含有する水溶液中でゲンゴロウブナを飼育した場合、ミネラル濃度が１（ｗ／ｖ）％では、ゲンゴロウブナの活きが悪くなり、臭みなどの風味の改善効果も十分でないものの、これにさらにα，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有させた場合、ゲンゴロウブナの活きの良さを損ねることなく、風味を改善する効果が発揮された。一方、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース単独では、風味を改善する効果が弱く、これらの結果から、ミネラルとα，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有する水溶液は、フナの活きを損ねることなく、風味を改善する効果を有していることが判明した。 From the results shown in Table 9, when gengoro beech is bred in an aqueous solution containing only minerals, when the mineral concentration is 1 (w / v)%, the activity of gengoro beech is poor and the effect of improving the flavor such as odor is sufficient. However, when α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was further added to this, the effect of improving the flavor was exhibited without deteriorating the goodness of the life of Gengo lobe. On the other hand, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose alone has a weak effect of improving the flavor. From these results, it contains mineral and α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose. It was found that the aqueous solution to be used has an effect of improving the flavor without impairing the activity of the crucian carp.
＜実験１０：金魚の治療＞
尾腐れ病に罹っている金魚（和金、Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓ ａｕｒａｔｕｓ）を、１ｗ／ｖ％ミネラル（食塩）とともに、無水物換算で１ｗ／ｖ％α,α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有する水溶液を２Ｌ入れた水槽の中で、１匹ずつ通常のえさを与えながら室温で1週間飼育した。比較例として、ミネラルのみ、α,α−トレハロースのみ又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースのみを含有する水を、対照として、水のみを用いて上記と同様にして飼育した。金魚の活きと病気の治療効果を目視により観察した。結果を表１０に示す。
<Experiment 10: Goldfish treatment>
Goldfish suffering from tail rot (Japanese gold, Carassius auratus) with 1 w / v% mineral (salt) and 1 w / v% α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose in terms of anhydride In a water tank containing 2 L of the aqueous solution contained, the animals were reared at room temperature for 1 week while giving normal food one by one. As a comparative example, water containing only mineral, only α, α-trehalose or only α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was bred in the same manner as described above using only water as a control. The activity of goldfish and the therapeutic effect of the disease were observed visually. The results are shown in Table 10.
表１０の結果から、ミネラルのみを含有する水溶液で金魚を飼育した場合、ミネラル（食塩）濃度が１（ｗ／ｖ）％では、尾腐れ病の治癒効果に優れるものの金魚の活きが悪くなった。これにさらにα，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有させた場合、金魚の活きの良さを損ねることなく、尾腐れ病の治癒効果が発揮された。一方、α，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース単独では、尾腐れ病の治癒効果が弱かった。これらの結果から、ミネラル（食塩）とα，α−トレハロース又はα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを含有する水溶液は、本来金魚にとって好適でないミネラル（食塩）濃度１ｗ／ｖ％の中でも悪影響を与えないことが判明した。 From the results of Table 10, when goldfish were bred with an aqueous solution containing only minerals, the goldfish became less active although the mineral (salt) concentration was 1 (w / v)%, although it was excellent in the healing effect of tail rot. . In addition, when α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose was further added, the healing effect of tail rot disease was exhibited without impairing the liveliness of goldfish. On the other hand, α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose alone had a weak healing effect on tail rot. From these results, an aqueous solution containing mineral (salt) and α, α-trehalose or α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose has no adverse effect even in a mineral (salt) concentration of 1 w / v%, which is originally unsuitable for goldfish. It has been found.
以下、実施例で本発明の詳細を説明する。 Hereinafter, the details of the present invention will be described with reference to Examples.
＜人工海水プレミックス＞
下記の成分組成により粉末状の人工海水プレミックスを製造した。本品は、水１，０００質量部に溶解して使用すれば、海水として使用することができる。また、本品は、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができるので、水に溶解する際の計量誤差や、水分の蒸発、雨水の混入などによるミネラル濃度の変動による悪影響を緩和することができる。したがって、本品は、いけす、水槽などにおいて、海水に棲息する魚介類の飼育に有利に用いることができる。
塩化ナトリウム ２８．５ 質量部
硫酸マグネシウム７水塩 ６．８２ 質量部
塩化マグネシウム６水塩 ５．１６ 質量部
塩化カルシウム２水塩 １．４７ 質量部
塩化カリウム ０．７２５ 質量部
臭化ナトリウム ０．０８４ 質量部
ホウ酸 ０．０２７３質量部
塩化ストロンチウム６水塩 ０．０２４ 質量部
含水結晶α，α−トレハロース
（株式会社林原商事販売、登録商標『トレハ』） ２０．０ 質量部
<Artificial seawater premix>
A powdered artificial seawater premix was produced with the following component composition. This product can be used as seawater if dissolved in 1,000 parts by mass of water. In addition, because this product can enhance the vital activity of living organisms and / or expand the suitable range of vital activity, fluctuations in mineral concentration due to measurement errors when dissolving in water, evaporation of moisture, contamination with rainwater, etc. Can alleviate the adverse effects of Therefore, this product can be advantageously used for rearing fish and shellfish that live in seawater in ponds, aquariums, and the like.
Sodium chloride 28.5 parts by mass Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 6.82 parts by mass Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 5.16 parts by mass Calcium chloride dihydrate 1.47 parts by mass Potassium chloride 0.725 parts by mass Sodium bromide 0.084 Mass parts Boric acid 0.0273 parts by mass Strontium chloride hexahydrate 0.024 parts by mass Hydrous crystals α, α-trehalose (Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd., registered trademark “Treha”) 20.0 parts by mass
＜洗浄液＞
塩化ナトリウム１質量部、株式会社林原商事販売の液体状の『ハローデックス』（α−マルトシルα，α−トレハロースを固形分当り５２％含有）４質量部を蒸留水１００質量部に溶解し、洗浄液を製造した。本品は、淡水に棲息する魚介類、農作物にとっての生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができるので、シジミ、フナなどの淡水魚介類、スプラウト食品などの生鮮野菜などの洗浄液として有利に利用できる。また、本品は淡水魚介類の泥だし剤や臭み抜き剤としても有利に利用できる。
<Cleaning liquid>
1 part by weight of sodium chloride, 4 parts by weight of liquid “Hellodex” (containing 52% α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose per solid content) sold by Hayashibara Corporation in 100 parts by weight of distilled water, washing solution Manufactured. This product can enhance the life activity for fresh seafood, crops and / or expand the suitable area for life activity, so freshwater seafood such as shijimi and crucian fish, fresh vegetables such as sprout food, etc. It can be advantageously used as a cleaning liquid. In addition, this product can be advantageously used as a mud remover and odor remover for freshwater seafood.
＜食塩浴用組成物＞
市販の粉末状の食塩１質量部及び含水結晶α，α−トレハロース（株式会社林原商事販売、登録商標『トレハ』）１質量部をよく混ぜ合わせ、適宜の抗菌剤、抗生物質などを適量混合して、食塩浴用組成物を製造した。本品は、適当量の水に溶解して、望ましくは、食塩濃度約０．５乃至２（ｗ／ｖ）％に調製して、金魚、錦鯉などの淡水魚類の疾患治療用の食塩浴に利用することができる。また、本発明の食塩浴用組成物は、淡水魚とともに水槽や池に生息する水草などに対しても、食塩による悪影響を緩和することができるので、治療対象の魚を飼育している水槽や池に投入して用いることもできる。
<Salt bath composition>
Mix well 1 part by weight of commercially available salt powder and 1 part by weight of hydrous crystals α, α-trehalose (Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd., registered trademark “Treha”), and mix appropriate antibacterial agents and antibiotics. Thus, a salt bath composition was produced. This product can be dissolved in an appropriate amount of water, preferably adjusted to a salt concentration of about 0.5 to 2 (w / v)%, and used as a salt bath for treating diseases of freshwater fish such as goldfish and carp. Can be used. In addition, the salt bath composition of the present invention can alleviate the adverse effects of salt on aquatic plants that live in aquariums and ponds along with freshwater fish, so it can be used in aquariums and ponds where fish to be treated are bred. It can also be used.
＜肥料杭＞
配合肥料（Ｎ＝１４％、Ｐ２Ｏ５＝８％、Ｋ２Ｏ＝１２％）１４質量部、硫酸カルシウム３質量部、塩化マグネシウム６水塩２質量部、プルラン１質量部、含水結晶α，α−トレハロース（株式会社林原商事販売、登録商標『トレハ』）１質量部、α，α−トレハロースの糖質誘導体含有シラップ（株式会社林原商事販売、商品名『ハローデックス』）１質量部及び水０．５質量部を十分混合した後、押出機（Ｌ／Ｄ＝２０、圧縮比＝１．８、ダイスの口径＝３０ｍｍ）で８０℃に加熱して肥料杭を製造した。本品は、肥料用容器が不要で、徐崩性の肥料杭として利用することができる。また、溶解して一時的にミネラル濃度が高まった場合でも、植物への悪影響が緩和されているので、肥料焼けの懸念もなく安心して用いることができる。
<Fertilizer pile>
Compound fertilizer (N = 14%, P 2 O 5 = 8%, K 2 O = 12%) 14 parts by weight, calcium sulfate 3 parts by weight, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 2 parts by weight, pullulan 1 part by weight, hydrous crystal α , Α-trehalose (Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd., registered trademark “Treha”) 1 part by mass, α, α-trehalose sugar derivative-containing syrup (Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd., trade name “Hellodex”) 1 part by mass and After thoroughly mixing 0.5 part by mass of water, a fertilizer pile was manufactured by heating to 80 ° C. with an extruder (L / D = 20, compression ratio = 1.8, die diameter = 30 mm). This product does not require a fertilizer container and can be used as a slowly decaying fertilizer pile. Even when the mineral concentration is temporarily increased after dissolution, the adverse effects on the plant are alleviated, so that it can be used with no fear of fertilizer burning.
＜生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張剤＞
含水結晶α，α−トレハロース（（株）林原商事販売、登録商標『トレハ』）２質量部を水１００質量部に溶解し、生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張剤を製造した。本品をそのままあるいは適度に希釈して、水耕用水又は散布用水などの農業用水として用いれば、台風、津波などによる農作物の塩害を防止することができる。また、ミネラルを含む海水、培地、洗浄液などに添加して生体に用いれば、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができるので、水分の蒸発、雨水の混入などによるミネラル濃度の変動による悪影響を緩和することができる。したがって、本品は、水系環境に棲息する生物の飼育、洗浄及び保存などに有利に用いることができる。
<Strengthening of vital activity and / or life activities suitable range of extension agents>
Hydrous crystalline alpha, alpha-trehalose (KK Hayashibara Shoji "TREHA®") 2 parts by mass were dissolved in 100 parts by weight of water, to produce a reinforced and / or life activity preferred range of expansion agent life activities . If this product is used as agricultural water such as hydroponic water or sprayed water as it is or after being diluted appropriately, salt damage to crops caused by typhoons and tsunamis can be prevented. In addition, when added to seawater containing minerals, medium, washing solution, etc., and used in living organisms, the vital activity of living organisms can be strengthened and / or the suitable range of vital activities can be expanded. The adverse effects caused by fluctuations in mineral concentration can be mitigated. Therefore, this product can be advantageously used for breeding, washing and storing organisms living in an aqueous environment.
＜生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張剤＞
特開平７−１４３８７６号公報の実験４に開示される方法にしたがって製造したα−マルトシルα，α−トレハロース含有粉末（純度９８ｗ／ｗ％以上）３質量部を水１００質量部に溶解し、生命活動の強化及び／又は生命活動好適域の拡張剤を製造した。本品をそのままあるいは適度に希釈して、水耕用水又は散布用水などの農業用水として用いれば、台風、津波などによる農作物の塩害を防止することができる。また、ミネラルを含む海水、培地、洗浄液などに添加して生体に用いれば、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができるので、水分の蒸発、雨水の混入などによるミネラル濃度の変動による悪影響を緩和することができる。したがって、本品は、水系環境に棲息する生物の飼育、洗浄などに有利に用いることができる。
<Strengthening of vital activity and / or life activities suitable range of extension agents>
3 parts by mass of α-maltosyl α, α-trehalose-containing powder (purity 98 w / w% or more) produced according to the method disclosed in Experiment 4 of JP-A-7-143876 is dissolved in 100 parts by mass of water. was prepared vasodilators reinforcing and / or life activity preferred range of activities. If this product is used as agricultural water such as hydroponic water or sprayed water as it is or after being diluted appropriately, salt damage to crops caused by typhoons and tsunamis can be prevented. In addition, when added to seawater containing minerals, medium, washing solution, etc., and used in living organisms, the vital activity of living organisms can be strengthened and / or the suitable range of vital activities can be expanded. The adverse effects caused by fluctuations in mineral concentration can be mitigated. Therefore, this product can be advantageously used for breeding and washing organisms that live in an aqueous environment.
叙述のとおり、本発明は、生命活動を活発にすることができ、さらに、ミネラル水溶液中における生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張することができる。したがって、動植物、例えば、農作物や養殖魚介類などを対象として、生体の生命活動を強化及び／又は生命活動好適域を拡張するので、過剰なミネラルの混入、水分の蒸発、雨水の混入などのようなミネラル濃度の変動から受ける悪影響を緩和することができる。
As described above, according to the present invention, life activity can be activated, and further, the life activity of the living body in the mineral aqueous solution can be enhanced and / or the life activity suitable range can be expanded. Therefore, for animals and plants, such as agricultural crops and cultured fish and shellfish, the vital activity of living organisms is enhanced and / or the suitable range of vital activities is expanded, so that excessive minerals, water evaporation, rainwater contamination, etc. Adverse effects of fluctuations in mineral concentration can be mitigated.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004147045A JP4982649B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-05-17 | Method for enhancing life activity of living body in contact with aquatic environment and / or expanding life activity suitable area |
| EP04821976A EP1757298A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2004-11-16 | Method of potentiating bioloigcal actions of living organism being in contact with aqueous environment and/or enlarging area suitable for biological actions |
| KR1020067026417A KR20070011608A (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2004-11-16 | Method of potentiating biological actions of living organism being in contact with aqueous environment and/or enlarging area suitable for biological actions |
| CNA2004800430733A CN1953755A (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2004-11-16 | Method for enhancing life activity and /or expanding suitable region for life activity of living body contacting to water-based environment |
| US11/596,930 US20070232563A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2004-11-16 | Method for Enhancing Biological Activity and/or Expanding Suitable Region for Biological Activity of Living Body Contacting with Aqueous Environment |
| PCT/JP2004/016985 WO2005110432A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2004-11-16 | Method of potentiating bioloigcal actions of living organism being in contact with aqueous environment and/or enlarging area suitable for biological actions |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003288670 | 2003-08-07 | ||
| JP2003288670 | 2003-08-07 | ||
| JP2004147045A JP4982649B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-05-17 | Method for enhancing life activity of living body in contact with aquatic environment and / or expanding life activity suitable area |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005068133A JP2005068133A (en) | 2005-03-17 |
| JP2005068133A5 JP2005068133A5 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| JP4982649B2 true JP4982649B2 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
Family
ID=34425247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004147045A Expired - Fee Related JP4982649B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-05-17 | Method for enhancing life activity of living body in contact with aquatic environment and / or expanding life activity suitable area |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4982649B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006304750A (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-09 | Shinei Sangyo Kk | Disease control method for freshwater fish |
| JP2009023997A (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2009-02-05 | Yatsuka:Kk | Therapeutic or prophylactic agent for infectious disease of fish and shellfish and therapeutic or prophylactic method for infectious disease of fish and shellfish |
| JP2011010637A (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-01-20 | Fisheries Research Agency | Agent and method for bivalve-breeding |
| JP2013087024A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2013-05-13 | Taki Chem Co Ltd | Plant nutrient |
| CN102613117A (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2012-08-01 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for increasing ice-temperature anhydrous transportation survival rate of turbots |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0691344B1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 2003-03-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo | Purification of trehalose |
| JPH0984527A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-03-31 | Nippon Fine Chem Co Ltd | Growth-promoting agent for decapoda |
| JPH1025209A (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-01-27 | Cosmo All:Kk | Activating material for plant |
| JPH10179041A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-07-07 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Additive composition for food and/or feed |
| TWI315741B (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2009-10-11 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab | A-isomaltosyltransferase, process for producing the same and use thereof |
| JP2002017163A (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-22 | Goko:Kk | Growth-promoting agent and method for cultivating plant by using the same |
| JP3471320B2 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2003-12-02 | 喜一 久保 | Plant activator and plant activation method |
| JP2003225047A (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-12 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab Inc | Agent and method for retaining freshness of fresh fish and shellfish |
| JP2004129622A (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-04-30 | Nippon Formula Feed Mfg Co Ltd | Feed for fish culture |
-
2004
- 2004-05-17 JP JP2004147045A patent/JP4982649B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005068133A (en) | 2005-03-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1656044A (en) | Aqueous solution of non-colloidal silicic acid and boric acid | |
| WO2009126548A2 (en) | Method for preparing edible aquatic animals for storage | |
| CN103392646A (en) | Method of scientifically raising Chinese high fin banded sharks in paddy fields | |
| CN105815243A (en) | Culture method for crayfish | |
| CN106508750A (en) | Culture method of rainbow trout | |
| CN1871899A (en) | Safe high performance synthetical technique for aquiculture of mandarin fish in extratropic region | |
| CN110558260A (en) | Sustainable cultivation technology for litopenaeus vannamei and giant freshwater shrimps in ecological pond | |
| CN106630192A (en) | Coilia nasus culture pond water quality conditioning agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1817117A (en) | Breeding method of sea cucumber in soil pool | |
| JP4982649B2 (en) | Method for enhancing life activity of living body in contact with aquatic environment and / or expanding life activity suitable area | |
| CN103636545A (en) | Ecological breeding method for jointly breeding exopalaemon carinicauda in takifugu flavidus | |
| CN101779605B (en) | Artificial insemination method of Sinocyclocheilus tingi | |
| CN103355234A (en) | Method for cultivating turbot through bacterial manure | |
| JP3927667B2 (en) | Fish feed | |
| CN107347752B (en) | Hatching breeding method for red crayfish | |
| JP2005068133A5 (en) | ||
| CN104885976A (en) | Prevention and control method for cryptocaryon irritans of scatophagus argus | |
| CN104920264A (en) | Freshwater shrimp breeding method | |
| CN104983793A (en) | Compound powder of anti-stress agent for aquaculture and preparation method thereof | |
| US20070232563A1 (en) | Method for Enhancing Biological Activity and/or Expanding Suitable Region for Biological Activity of Living Body Contacting with Aqueous Environment | |
| JP6095538B2 (en) | Fertilizer containing chitin and / or chitosan or chitin and / or chitosan-containing material, and culture of microorganisms having chitin and / or chitosan degradability, and production method thereof, etc. | |
| CN111374076A (en) | Penaeus vannamei feeding method | |
| CN111374077A (en) | Penaeus vannamei farming method | |
| Mishra | Fish disease management in integrated farming system | |
| CN103766254A (en) | Method for breeding puffer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20070508 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20070508 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100824 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20101019 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110719 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110920 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120214 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120221 |
|
| A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712 Effective date: 20120221 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120314 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4982649 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20150511 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |