JP4953553B2 - 水蒸気搬送発電機 - Google Patents
水蒸気搬送発電機 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4953553B2 JP4953553B2 JP2003524908A JP2003524908A JP4953553B2 JP 4953553 B2 JP4953553 B2 JP 4953553B2 JP 2003524908 A JP2003524908 A JP 2003524908A JP 2003524908 A JP2003524908 A JP 2003524908A JP 4953553 B2 JP4953553 B2 JP 4953553B2
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents from a hydride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/10—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
a) 水蒸気発生器と;
b) 水蒸気発生器に取付けられ、水素ガスを発生させるように水蒸気と反応する実質上非流体の物質を包含する水素ガス発生器であって;少なくとも1つの導管を介して水蒸気発生器に随意に取付けられるようになった水素ガス発生器と;
c) 水素ガス発生器に取付けられた燃料セルであって;少なくとも1つの導管を介して水素ガス発生器に随意に取付けられるようになった燃料セルと;
を有することを特徴とする発電機を提供する。
a) 水蒸気発生器から、水素ガスを発生させるために水蒸気と反応する実質上非流体の物質で少なくとも部分的に満たされた水素発生器へ水蒸気を導く工程と;
b) 水素発生器から燃料セルへ水素ガス及び任意の残留水蒸気を導く工程と;
を有することを特徴とする、燃料セルへ燃料を供給するために水素ガスを発生させる方法を提供する。
Claims (31)
- 発電機であって、
a)水蒸気を発生する水蒸気発生器と;
b)水蒸気発生器に取付けられ、水素ガスを発生させるように水蒸気と反応する粉末、粒子又はペレットの形をした非流体の物質を包含する水素ガス発生器と;
c)水素ガス発生器に取付けられた燃料セルと;
d)手動又は電気制御の少なくとも1つの弁と;を有し、
前記水素ガス発生器は、少なくとも1つの導管を介して水蒸気発生器に取付けられ、
前記燃料セルは、少なくとも1つの導管を介して水素ガス発生器に取付けられ、
前記燃料セルから残留水蒸気及び残留水素ガスが前記水蒸気発生器へ戻され、
前記少なくとも1つの弁は、前記水蒸気発生器と燃料セルと間の水素ガス及び水蒸気の通過を規制し、
前記発電機が−20℃ないし50℃の温度に維持されることを特徴とする発電機。 - 前記残留水蒸気及び水素ガスを燃料セルから水蒸気発生器へ導く帰還ラインを更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器が水蒸気で少なくとも部分的に満たされた室を有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器が氷で少なくとも部分的に満たされることを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水素ガス発生器が前記非流体の物質で少なくとも部分的に満たされる室を有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器、水素発生器及び燃料セル内に不活性ガスを更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記不活性ガスが窒素、アルゴン及びその組み合わせからなるグループから選択されたガスであることを特徴とする請求項6の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器、水素発生器又は燃料セル及び導管のうちの少なくとも1つ内に初期に装填される水素ガスを更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器、水素発生器又は燃料セルのうちの少なくとも1つに取付けられ、水蒸気発生器から水素ガス発生器への水蒸気の初期の流れを生じさせるための少なくとも1つの装置を更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記非流体の物質がアルカリ金属、水素化カルシウム、水素化リチウム、水素化アルミニウムリチウム、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム及びその組み合わせからなるグループから選択された材料で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記非流体の物質が水素化ホウ素ナトリウムであることを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記非流体の物質と組み合わされる水素発生触媒を更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記触媒は、コバルト、ニッケル、ルテニウム、並びに、その合金及び組み合わせからなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項12の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器と燃料セルとの間で水素ガス及び水蒸気をポンピングする少なくとも1つのポンプを更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器と燃料セルとの間で水素ガス及び水蒸気の通過を規制する少なくとも1つの弁を更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器に隣接する多孔性のプラグを更に有し、プラグが水蒸気発生器からの液体水の流れを妨げ、水蒸気発生器に対して出入りする水素ガス及び水蒸気の流れを許容することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記燃料セルが熱絶縁体により少なくとも部分的に取り巻かれることを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記燃料セルに隣接するヒータを更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 前記水蒸気発生器から水素ガス発生器へ水蒸気を導く圧力を与える引張り膜を水蒸気発生器内に更に有することを特徴とする請求項1の発電機。
- 燃料セルへ燃料を供給するために水素ガスを発生させる方法であって、
a)水蒸気発生器から、水素ガスを発生させるために水蒸気と反応する粉末、粒子又はペレットの形をした非流体の物質で少なくとも部分的に満たされた水素発生器へ水蒸気を導く工程と;
b)水素発生器から水素ガス及び残留水蒸気を燃料セルへ導く工程と;
c)前記燃料セルから残留水蒸気及び残留水素ガスを前記水蒸気発生器へ戻す工程と;を有し、
前記水蒸気発生器から燃料セルへの水蒸気及び水素ガスの通過が少なくとも1つの弁により規制され、前記水蒸気発生器が水蒸気を発生し、
前記燃料セル、前記水蒸気発生器及び水素発生器が−20℃ないし50℃の温度に維持される発電機に含まれることを特徴とする方法。 - 少なくとも1つの導管を介して水蒸気発生器から水素発生器へ水蒸気及び水素ガスを導く工程と、少なくとも1つの導管を介して水素ガス発生器から燃料セルへ水素ガス及び残留水蒸気を導く工程とを更に有することを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの導管を介して水蒸気発生器から水素発生器へ水蒸気及び水素ガスを導く工程と、少なくとも1つの導管を介して水素ガス発生器から燃料セルへ水素ガス及び残留水蒸気を導く工程と、少なくとも1つの帰還導管を介して燃料セルから水蒸気発生器へ残留水蒸気及び残留水素ガスを導く工程とを更に有することを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 水蒸気発生器が水蒸気で少なくとも部分的に満たされた室を有することを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 水蒸気発生器から燃料セルへの水蒸気及び水素ガスの通過が少なくとも1つの弁により制御されることを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 前記非流体の物質がアルカリ金属、水素化カルシウム、水素化リチウム、水素化アルミニウムリチウム、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム及びその組み合わせからなるグループから選択された材料で構成されることを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 前記非流体の物質が水素化ホウ素ナトリウムであることを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 前記水蒸気発生器から水素ガス発生器へ水蒸気及び水素をポンピングする工程を更に有することを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- ヒータで燃料セルを加熱する工程を更に有することを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 水蒸気発生器内の引張り膜からの圧力により水蒸気発生器から水素ガス発生器へ水蒸気を導く工程を更に有することを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 水蒸気発生器、水素発生器又は燃料セルのうちの少なくとも1つに取付けられた少なくとも1つの装置を介して水蒸気発生器から水素ガス発生器への水蒸気の初期の流れを生じさせる工程を更に有することを特徴とする請求項20の方法。
- 電気エネルギを発生させる改善された方法であって、該方法において、水及び水素ガスが水蒸気発生器から燃料セルへ導かれ;燃料セルから水及び残留水素ガスが水蒸気発生器へ戻るように導かれ;水及び水素ガスが、燃料セル及び水蒸気発生器の各々に接続されかつ水素ガスを発生させるように水と反応する物質で少なくとも部分的に満たされた水素ガス発生器を通して導かれ、
前記改善された方法は、水蒸気の形をした水を水素ガスを発生させるように水蒸気と反応する粉末、粒子又はペレットの形をした非流体の物質に接触させる工程を含み、
前記水蒸気発生器から燃料セルへの水蒸気及び水素ガスの通過が少なくとも1つの弁により規制され、前記水蒸気発生器が水蒸気を発生し、前記燃料セル、前記水蒸気発生器及び水素発生器が−20℃ないし50℃の温度に維持される発電機に含まれることを特徴とする方法。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/941,247 | 2001-08-28 | ||
US09/941,247 US7001681B2 (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2001-08-28 | Water vapor transport power generator |
PCT/US2002/027282 WO2003020635A2 (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2002-08-27 | Water vapor transport power generator |
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JP2005502163A JP2005502163A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
JP4953553B2 true JP4953553B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
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JP2003524908A Expired - Fee Related JP4953553B2 (ja) | 2001-08-28 | 2002-08-27 | 水蒸気搬送発電機 |
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US (3) | US7001681B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1432641B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4953553B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1319849C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002335673A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003020635A2 (ja) |
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-
2001
- 2001-08-28 US US09/941,247 patent/US7001681B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2002-08-27 CN CNB028210689A patent/CN1319849C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN1319849C (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
JP2005502163A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
EP1432641A2 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
US7001681B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 |
US7455924B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
US20030044656A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
US20080305372A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
US7799450B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 |
WO2003020635A2 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
AU2002335673A1 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
WO2003020635A3 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
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