WO2013146396A1 - 2次電池型燃料電池システム - Google Patents
2次電池型燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013146396A1 WO2013146396A1 PCT/JP2013/057586 JP2013057586W WO2013146396A1 WO 2013146396 A1 WO2013146396 A1 WO 2013146396A1 JP 2013057586 W JP2013057586 W JP 2013057586W WO 2013146396 A1 WO2013146396 A1 WO 2013146396A1
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- gas
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- fuel cell
- power generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery type fuel cell system capable of performing not only a power generation operation but also a charging operation.
- a fuel cell typically includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane using a solid polymer ion exchange membrane, a solid oxide electrolyte membrane using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a fuel electrode (anode) and an oxidizer electrode.
- the one sandwiched from both sides by the (cathode) has a single cell configuration.
- a fuel gas flow path for supplying a fuel gas (for example, hydrogen gas) to the fuel electrode and an oxidant gas flow path for supplying an oxidant gas (for example, oxygen or air) to the oxidant electrode are provided. Power generation is performed by supplying fuel gas and oxidant gas to the fuel electrode and oxidant electrode through the passage.
- Fuel cells are not only energy-saving because of the high efficiency of power energy that can be extracted in principle, but they are also a power generation system that is excellent in the environment, and are expected as a trump card for solving energy and environmental problems on a global scale.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery type fuel cell including a fuel cell unit and a fuel generating member that generates a fuel that is a reducing substance by a chemical reaction and can be regenerated by a reverse reaction of the chemical reaction. Yes.
- the space where the fuel electrode of the fuel cell unit and the fuel generating member are sealed is a closed space, and the fuel cell unit includes the fuel cell unit.
- the closed space is formed by the enclosure of a plurality of members, the gas may escape from the joints between the members even though only a minute amount.
- hydrogen used for the fuel gas
- this state is referred to as a gas shortage state
- the fuel gas and the charging gas run short and the power generation performance And charging performance will fall.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery type fuel cell system capable of preventing or eliminating a gas shortage state while performing a power generation operation.
- a secondary battery type fuel cell system includes a fuel generating member that generates fuel by a chemical reaction and can be regenerated by a reverse reaction of the chemical reaction, a fuel cell, A gas circulation path for circulating gas between the fuel generating member and the fuel cell; an external fuel gas supply path for supplying fuel gas output from an external gas supply source to the gas circulation path; and the gas circulation A gas discharge path for discharging gas from the path; a first opening / closing part for opening / closing the external fuel gas supply path; a second opening / closing part for opening / closing the gas discharge path; the first opening / closing part; And a control unit that controls the opening and closing unit, wherein the control unit uses the fuel gas output from the fuel generating member from the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source.
- the second opening / closing part closes the gas discharge path, and then the first opening / closing part closes the external fuel gas supply path.
- the gas circulation path only needs to be able to circulate gas between the fuel generation member and the fuel cell when the external fuel gas supply path and the gas discharge path are closed. .
- the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source is supplied to the gas circulation path during the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source.
- the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the fuel generation member from the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source or the charging operation for regenerating the fuel generation member When the gas circulation path is switched from an open space to a closed space, the gas discharge path is closed and then the external fuel gas supply path is closed, so that the gas circulation path is caused by the switching. Will not run out of gas.
- 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of a secondary battery type fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a simplified diagram of a secondary battery type fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention showing a gas flow during power generation operation using an external fuel gas.
- 1 is a simplified diagram of a secondary battery type fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention showing a gas flow during a power generation operation or a charging operation using a circulating gas. It is a flowchart which shows the operation
- FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of a secondary battery type fuel cell system according to another embodiment of the present invention showing a gas flow during power generation operation using an external fuel gas. It is a simplified diagram of a rechargeable battery type fuel cell system concerning other embodiments of the present invention which shows the flow of gas at the time of power generation operation or charge operation using circulating gas.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a secondary battery type fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a household fuel cell cogeneration system.
- the fuel cell system is not limited to a cogeneration system.
- a fuel cell container 2 that houses a tubular fuel cell 1, a fuel generation container 3 that contains a fuel generating member, and a tube A combustor 4 for combusting exhaust gas on the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell 1 and a part of a gas circulation path for circulating gas between the fuel cell 1 and the fuel generating member are provided in a heat insulating container 5.
- a tubular fuel cell 1 is accommodated in the fuel cell container 2, but a plurality of tubular fuel cells 1 may be accommodated.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a blower 6, a circulator 7, a check valve 8, a supply valve 9, an exhaust valve 10, a heat exchanger 11, and a controller 12. I have.
- the controller 12 controls all operations of the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
- the blower 6 introduces outside air (air) into the air electrode of the tubular fuel cell 1.
- the exhaust gas containing oxygen on the air electrode side of the tubular fuel cell 1 is introduced into the combustor 4.
- the circulator 7 and the check valve 8 are provided outside the heat insulating container 5 in the gas circulation path.
- the circulator 7 forcibly circulates the gas in the gas circulation path, and the check valve 8 circulates from the fuel generation container 3. The gas is prevented from flowing into the tubular fuel cell 1 via the vessel 7.
- the supply valve 9 is provided in the external fuel gas supply path, and the exhaust valve 10 is provided in the gas discharge path.
- the external fuel gas supply path supplies the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source 13 and pressure-adjusted by the pressure regulator 14 to the gas circulation path.
- the exhaust valve 10 is opened under the control of the controller 12, the gas discharge path discharges gas from the gas circulation path and supplies it to the combustor 4.
- the external gas supply source 13 for example, a hydrogen cylinder, a hydrogen supply facility, city gas, or the like can be used.
- a known gas reformer may be provided depending on the type of gas output from the external gas supply source 13.
- the pressure regulator 14 adjusts the pressure of the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source 13 to a pressure suitable for the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
- the gas after combustion in the combustor 4 is discharged to the outside via the heat exchanger 11.
- the heat exchanger 11 heats water using heat obtained by heat exchange
- the external water heater 15 heats water using fuel gas from the gas supply source 13.
- the water heated by the heat exchange and the water heated by the water heater 15 are stored in the hot water tank 16 as hot water for hot water supply.
- the power generated by the solar power generation system 17 is used, for example, as power necessary for the electrolysis operation of the tubular fuel cell 1.
- tubular fuel cell 1 layers of a fuel electrode, an electrolyte, and an air electrode are formed in order from the inside of the tube, and the fuel gas passes through the tube.
- electrolyte material for example, a solid oxide electrolyte using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) can be used.
- YSZ yttria-stabilized zirconia
- Nafion trademark of DuPont
- cationic conductive polymer cationic conductive polymer
- anionic conductive polymer etc.
- Solid polymer electrolytes can be used, but the characteristics as fuel cell electrolytes are not limited to these, such as those that pass hydrogen ions, those that pass oxygen ions, and those that pass hydroxide ions. It only has to satisfy.
- an electrolyte that passes oxygen ions or hydroxide ions for example, a solid oxide electrolyte using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is used as the electrolyte, and water is generated on the fuel electrode side during power generation. I am doing so.
- YSZ yttria-stabilized zirconia
- the electrolyte can be formed using an electrochemical deposition method (CVD-EVD method; Chemical Vapor Deposition-Electrochemical Vapor Deposition) or the like, and in the case of a solid polymer electrolyte. It can be formed using a coating method or the like.
- CVD-EVD method Chemical Vapor Deposition-Electrochemical Vapor Deposition
- the fuel electrode and the air electrode can each be composed of, for example, a catalyst layer in contact with the electrolyte and a diffusion electrode laminated on the catalyst layer.
- the catalyst layer for example, platinum black or a platinum alloy supported on carbon black can be used.
- a material for the diffusion electrode of the fuel electrode for example, carbon paper, Ni—Fe cermet, Ni—YSZ cermet and the like can be used.
- a material for the diffusion electrode of the air electrode for example, carbon paper, La—Mn—O compound, La—Co—Ce compound or the like can be used.
- the fuel electrode and the air electrode can be formed by using, for example, a vapor deposition method.
- Electrons generated by the reaction of the above formula (1) reach the air electrode through an external load (not shown) connected to the tubular fuel cell 1 under the control of the controller 12, and at the air electrode, the following The reaction of formula (2) occurs. (1/2) O 2 + 2e ⁇ ⁇ O 2 ⁇ (2)
- the tubular fuel cell 1 performs a power generation operation. Further, as can be seen from the above equation (1), during the power generation operation, H 2 is consumed and H 2 O is generated on the fuel electrode side.
- the power output from the external power source for example, the generated power of the solar power generation system 17 or the midnight power of the commercial power source
- the above formula (1) and The reverse reaction of formula (2) occurs, and the tubular fuel cell 1 performs an electrolysis operation. Further, as can be seen from the above equation (1), during the electrolysis operation, H 2 O is consumed and H 2 is generated on the fuel electrode side.
- the fuel generating member is a member that generates a reducing substance (fuel gas) by a chemical reaction and can be regenerated by a reverse reaction of the chemical reaction.
- a fuel generating member for example, a member that generates hydrogen by oxidation (for example, Fe or Mg alloy) can be used. In this embodiment, Fe that generates hydrogen by oxidation is used.
- the main component of the fuel generating agent may be made into fine particles and the fine particles may be molded.
- the fine particles include a method of crushing particles by crushing using a ball mill or the like.
- the surface area of the fine particles may be further increased by generating cracks in the fine particles by a mechanical method or the like, and the surface area of the fine particles is further increased by roughening the surface of the fine particles by acid treatment, alkali treatment, blasting, etc. It may be increased.
- the supply valve 9 and the exhaust valve 10 are opened. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the fuel gas (external fuel gas) output from the external gas supply source 13 is the external fuel gas. After being supplied from the supply path 18 into the gas circulation path 19 and used for the power generation operation of the tubular fuel cell 1, it is introduced from the gas discharge path 20 into the combustor 4. Since the check valve 8 is provided, the external fuel gas does not flow out to the combustor 4 via the fuel generation container 3. If the pressure on the fuel generation container 3 side has been reduced due to outgassing or the like, the gas is supplied to the fuel generation container 3 side until the pressure set by the pressure regulator 14 is reached.
- the combustor 4 mixes and combusts exhaust gas (exhaust gas containing fuel gas) from the fuel electrode side of the tubular fuel cell 1 and exhaust gas (exhaust gas containing oxygen) from the air electrode side of the tubular fuel cell 1. .
- the heat generated by the tubular fuel cell 1, the oxidation reaction heat of the fuel generating member and the combustion heat of the combustor 4 are discharged to the outside from the heat insulating container 5 via the heat exchanger 11.
- the heat exchanger 11 heats water using heat obtained by heat exchange, and the water heated by heat exchange is stored in the hot water tank 16 as hot water for hot water supply. That is, in the power generation operation using the external fuel gas, not only power generation but also hot water supply is performed.
- exhaust gas containing oxygen is generated from the air electrode side during the power generation operation using the circulating gas, but since the combustion by the fuel device 4 is not performed during the power generation operation, the exhaust gas is directly discharged to the outside.
- This exhaust gas is a gas in a state where a part of oxygen is consumed from the air taken in from the outside and is reduced.
- oxygen is generated by electrolysis of water (water vapor), which also passes through the electrolyte and is discharged from the air electrode side to the outside.
- the controller 12 first activates the circulator 7 (step S10), then closes the exhaust valve 10 (step S20), and finally closes the supply valve 9 (step S30).
- the gas discharge path 20 is Since the external fuel gas supply path 18 is closed after being closed, it is possible to prevent the gas circulation path 19 from being in a gas shortage state due to the above switching.
- the circulator 7 may be started after the exhaust valve 10 is closed or the supply valve 9 is closed. However, in order to prevent the gas flow from being interrupted, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. It is desirable to do this before closing the valve 10 and the supply valve 9.
- the controller 12 first cuts off the electrical connection between the tubular fuel cell 1 and the external load, thereby cutting off the current of the tubular fuel cell 1 and stopping the power generation operation of the tubular fuel cell 1 (step S110). ).
- the controller 12 closes the exhaust valve 10 (step S120), and finally closes the supply valve 9 (step S130).
- the gas discharge path 20 is closed. Since the external fuel gas supply path 18 is closed, it is possible to prevent the gas circulation path 19 from being in a gas shortage state due to the switching described above.
- the controller 12 first closes the exhaust valve 10 (step S210), although the exhaust valve 10 should be closed during the operation stop period.
- the controller 12 uses the output of a pressure sensor (not shown) for detecting the pressure in the gas circulation path 19, for example, so that the pressure in the gas circulation path 19 has fallen below the appropriate range and the external fuel gas It is determined whether or not replenishment is necessary (step S220). If the external fuel gas needs to be replenished (YES in step S220), the controller 12 opens the supply valve 9 until the external fuel gas need not be replenished (step S230).
- step S220 If the external fuel gas need not be replenished (NO in step S220), the controller 12 closes the supply valve 9 (step S240), then starts the circulator 7 (step S250), and finally the tubular fuel cell. 1 and an external load or an external power source are electrically connected, and a power generation operation or an electrolysis operation of the tubular fuel cell 1 is started so that a current flows through the tubular fuel cell 1 (step S260).
- the external fuel gas supply path 18 is temporarily opened and closed as necessary. Even if gas gradually escapes from the gas circulation path 19 and the gas circulation path 19 is in a gas shortage state, the power generation operation or the charge operation using the circulating gas may be started after the gas shortage state is resolved. it can.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system is configured to include the supply valve 9 and the exhaust valve 10.
- the two-way switching valves 21 and 22 can also be used.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 7 is a configuration in which both the supply valve 9 and the exhaust valve 10 are changed to a two-way switching valve, but there is a configuration in which only one of the supply valve 9 and the exhaust valve 10 is changed to a two-way switching valve. Is possible.
- the two-way switching valve is configured to be able to switch which of the first direction port 24 and the second direction port 25 is opened by the movement of the internal cylinder 23 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, for example.
- FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram showing a gas flow when the secondary battery type fuel cell system shown in FIG. 7 is performing a power generation operation using an external fuel gas.
- FIG. 9 is a simplified diagram showing a gas flow when the secondary battery type fuel cell system shown in FIG. 7 is performing a power generation operation or a charging operation using a circulating gas.
- a solid oxide electrolyte is used as the electrolyte, and water is generated on the fuel electrode side during power generation.
- the apparatus since water is generated on the electrode side connected to the fuel generating member by the gas circulation path for supplying the fuel gas from the fuel generating member to the tubular fuel cell 1, the apparatus is simplified and miniaturized. Is advantageous.
- a fuel cell disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-99491 it is also possible to use a solid polymer electrolyte that passes hydrogen ions as an electrolyte.
- a flow path for propagating this water to the fuel generating member is provided. That's fine.
- only one fuel generating container is provided.
- a plurality of fuel generating containers are provided, the number of fuel generating containers that generate fuel and the generation of fuel to be regenerated. You may enable it to switch the number of containers.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system described above generates a fuel by a chemical reaction and can be regenerated by a reverse reaction of the chemical reaction, a fuel cell, and between the fuel generation member and the fuel cell.
- a gas circulation path that circulates the gas an external fuel gas supply path that supplies fuel gas output from an external gas supply source to the gas circulation path, a gas discharge path that discharges gas from the gas circulation path,
- control unit performs a power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the fuel generation member from a power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source or a charge operation for regenerating the fuel generation member.
- the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source is supplied to the gas circulation path during the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source.
- the gas shortage state of the gas circulation path can be prevented or eliminated while operating.
- the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the fuel generation member from the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source or the regeneration of the fuel generation member is closed after the gas discharge path is closed when the gas circulation path is switched from the open space to the closed space. It is possible to prevent the gas circulation path from becoming a gas shortage state.
- the control unit performs the second opening and closing at the time of switching from the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source to the shutdown. It is desirable that the configuration is such that the external fuel gas supply path is closed by the first opening / closing section after the gas discharge path is closed by the section (second configuration).
- the operation is stopped when the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the external gas supply source is switched to the operation stop, that is, the gas circulation path is in an open space.
- the external fuel gas supply path is closed after the gas discharge path is closed, it is possible to prevent the gas circulation path from being in a gas shortage state due to the switching.
- the control unit performs a power generation operation using a fuel gas output from the fuel generating member after operation stop or charging for regenerating the fuel generating member.
- a configuration in which the external fuel gas supply path is temporarily opened by the first opening / closing section and then the external fuel gas supply path is closed by the first opening / closing section at the time of switching to operation (third configuration) ) Is desirable.
- the external fuel gas supply path is temporarily used when switching from the operation stop to the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the fuel generation member or the charge operation for regenerating the fuel generation member.
- the power generation operation using the fuel gas output from the fuel generating member after the gas shortage state is resolved even if the gas circulation path is in a gas shortage state before the operation, or the fuel The charging operation for regenerating the generating member can be started.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムの全体構成を図1に示す。図1に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムは、家庭用燃料電池コジェネレーションシステムに本発明を適用した例を示すものであるが、本発明に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムはコジェネレーションシステムに限定されるものではない。
H2+O2-→H2O+2e- …(1)
(1/2)O2+2e-→O2- …(2)
3Fe+4H2O→Fe3O4+4H2 …(3)
外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転では、供給バルブ9及び排気バルブ10が開くので、図2に示すように、外部のガス供給源13から出力された燃料ガス(外部燃料ガス)が、外部燃料ガス供給経路18からガス循環経路19内に供給され、チューブ状燃料電池1の発電動作に用いられた後、ガス排出経路20から燃焼器4へ導入される。なお、逆止弁8があるため、外部燃料ガスが燃料発生容器3経由で燃焼器4に流出することはない。ガス抜け等によって燃料発生容器3側の圧力が低下していた場合には、圧力調整器14で設定されている圧力になるまで燃料発生容器3側にガスが補給される。燃焼器4は、チューブ状燃料電池1の燃料極側からの排ガス(燃料ガスを含む排ガス)とチューブ状燃料電池1の空気極側からの排ガス(酸素を含む排ガス)とを混合して燃焼させる。チューブ状燃料電池1の発電反応熱、燃料発生部材の酸化反応熱、及び燃焼器4の燃焼熱によって高温になったガスは断熱容器5から熱交換器11を経由して外部に排出される。上述した通り、熱交換器11は熱交換によって得た熱を用いて水を加熱し、熱交換によって加熱された水は給湯用の湯として給湯タンク16に蓄えられる。すなわち、外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転では、発電のみならず給湯も行われる。
循環ガスを用いた発電運転又は充電運転では、供給バルブ9及び排気バルブ10が閉じるので、図3に示すように、ガス循環経路19にのみガスが流れ、外部燃料ガス供給経路18及びガス排出経路20にはガスが流れない。したがって、燃焼器4での燃焼はない。なお、発電運転時にはチューブ状燃料電池1の発電反応熱及び燃料発生部材の酸化反応熱があるため、外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転時ほどの熱量はないが給湯も可能である。また、循環ガスを用いた発電運転時にも空気極側から酸素を含む排ガスが発生するが、この発電運転時には燃料器4による燃焼は行われていないため、そのまま外部に排出される。この排ガスは外部から取り入れられた空気から酸素の一部が消費されて減少した状態のガスである。さらに、充電運転の際には水(水蒸気)の電気分解による酸素が発生するが、これも電解質を通過し、空気極側から外部に排出される。
外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転から循環ガスを用いた発電運転又は充電運転へ切り替える際の動作について図4に示すフローチャートを参照して説明する。
外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転から運転停止へ切り替える際の動作について図5に示すフローチャートを参照して説明する。
循環ガスを用いた発電運転又は充電運転で運転を開始する際の動作について図6に示すフローチャートを参照して説明する。
<外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転での運転開始>
循環ガスを用いた発電運転又は充電運転から外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転へ切り替える際や外部燃料ガスを用いた発電運転で運転開始する際には、運転切り替え後や運転開始後にガス循環経路19が開空間になり、ガス循環経路19に外部燃料ガスが供給されるので、運転切り替え前や運転開始前にガス循環経路19がガス不足状態であっても大きな問題はない。したがって、供給バルブ9と排気バルブ10を開ける順序はさほど問題にならないが、ガス循環経路19内の一時的な圧力低下を回避する観点から供給バルブ9を開けた後に排気バルブ10を開ける方が好ましい。
なお、上述した実施形態では、2次電池型燃料電池システムが供給バルブ9及び排気バルブ10を備える構成であったが、図7に示すように供給バルブ9及び排気バルブ10の代わりに例えば図7に示すように2方向切替バルブ21及び22を用いることもできる。図7に示す構成は供給バルブ9及び排気バルブ10の両方を2方向切替バルブに変更した構成であるが、供給バルブ9及び排気バルブ10のいずれか一方のみを2方向切替バルブに変更する構成も可能である。
2 燃料電池容器
3 燃料発生容器
4 燃焼器
5 断熱容器
6 ブロア
7 循環器
8 逆止弁
9 供給バルブ
10 排気バルブ
11 熱交換器
12 コントローラ
13 ガス供給源
14 圧力調整器
15 給湯器
16 給湯タンク
17 太陽光発電システム
18 外部燃料ガス供給経路
19 ガス循環経路
20 ガス排出経路
21、22 2方向切替バルブ
23 内部シリンダー
24 第1方向のポート
25 第2方向のポート
Claims (3)
- 化学反応により燃料を発生し、前記化学反応の逆反応により再生可能な燃料発生部材と、
燃料電池と、
前記燃料発生部材と前記燃料電池との間でガスを循環させるガス循環経路と、
外部のガス供給源から出力される燃料ガスを前記ガス循環経路へ供給する外部燃料ガス供給経路と、
前記ガス循環経路からガスを排出するガス排出経路と、
前記外部燃料ガス供給経路を開閉する第1の開閉部と、
前記ガス排出経路を開閉する第2の開閉部と、
前記第1の開閉部及び前記第2の開閉部を制御する制御部とを備え、
前記制御部が、前記外部のガス供給源から出力される燃料ガスを用いた発電運転から前記燃料発生部材から出力される燃料ガスを用いた発電運転又は前記燃料発生部材を再生する充電運転への切り替え時に、前記第2の開閉部に前記ガス排出経路を閉じさせた後、前記第1の開閉部に前記外部燃料ガス供給経路を閉じさせることを特徴とする2次電池型燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部が、前記外部のガス供給源から出力される燃料ガスを用いた発電運転から運転停止への切り替え時に、前記第2の開閉部に前記ガス排出経路を閉じさせた後、前記第1の開閉部に前記外部燃料ガス供給経路を閉じさせることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御部が、運転停止から前記燃料発生部材から出力される燃料ガスを用いた発電運転又は前記燃料発生部材を再生する充電運転への切り替え時に、前記第1の開閉部に前記外部燃料ガス供給経路を一時的に開けさせた後、前記第1の開閉部に前記外部燃料ガス供給経路を閉じさせることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。
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- 2013-03-18 JP JP2014507723A patent/JP5776842B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-18 EP EP13767750.6A patent/EP2833456A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-03-18 WO PCT/JP2013/057586 patent/WO2013146396A1/ja active Application Filing
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