JP2008500697A - 燃料電池用の燃料をその場で生成する装置および方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用の燃料をその場で生成する装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1
Description
CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 6H+ + 6e−
陰極での半反応:
O2 + 4H+ + 4e− → 2H2O
全体の燃料電池反応:
CH3OH + 1.5O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
NaBH4(液体)+2H2O→(加熱または触媒)→4(H2)+(NaBO2)(液体)
陽極での半反応:
H2→2H++2e−
陰極での半反応:
2(2H++2e−)+O2→2H2O
適切な触媒は白金およびルテニウム、その他である。水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを改質して生成された水素燃料は燃料電池中で、酸化剤例えばO2と反応させられ、電気(すなわち電子の流れ)および水の副産物を生成する。ホウ酸ナトリウム(NaBO2)の副産物も改質プロセスで生成される。水素化ホウ素ナトリウム燃料電池は特許文献3に検討されており、参照してここに組み入れる。
図示のとおり、各コラムは毛細管ディスクに連結されてそこに内包される液体が室部から吸い出されるようにする。代替的には、室部は、図4に示すような室部254および256のように並列に配置されても良く、室部は図4Aに示すようにライナーを具備して燃料を貯蔵しても良い。各室部254、256は、それぞれ連結コラム258、260を有するフィラーインサートと毛細管ディスクとを含んで液体を室部から吸い出す。図3および図4のカートリッジは本出願人の出願に係る’793米国特許出願に開示されており、参照してここに組み入れた。これらの実施例において、2つの先駆物質の流れが外部の混合チャンバ262へポンプにより運ばれる。これら実施例は非フォーマット燃料または燃料電池に直接にポンプで運ぶことが可能な燃料、例えば、メタノールに適している。ポンプを用いるときには、フィラーまたはウィッキング材料を省略できる。
この発明の一側面は、種々の水素化ホウ素を生成するいくつかの既知の方法に従ってその場で水素化ホウ素(これに限定されないが、水素化ホウ素アンモニウム、水素化ホウ素カルシウム、および水素化ホウ素ナトリウムのような、種々の塩を含む)を生成できるようにする。
NaBH4(液体)+2H2O→(加熱または触媒)→4(H2)+(NaBO2)(液体)
2Na2CO3+2B2H6→3NaBH4+NaBO2+2CO2
したがって、ジボランと炭酸ナトリウムの水溶液とが水素化ホウ素を生成するための第1および第2の先駆試薬である。
(−[CH2−S−CH2]−・BH3)4+2Na2CO3(液体)→3NaBH4+NaBO2+2CO2+(−[CH2−S−CH2]−)4
容易に理解できるように、ボランに関連付けられたチオ炭化水素ポリマーは液体の炭酸ナトリウムと反応して水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを生成する。このため、’293特許に説明されているようなポリマーは、炭酸ナトリウムとタンデムに2つの燃料先駆試薬として貯蔵されるときに、この発明の燃料サプライ中に貯蔵し使用するのに適している。
この発明の他の側面によれば、その場でメタノールを生成できる。メタノールは、種々のタイプの燃料電池、例えば、DMFC、酵素燃料電池、改質燃料電池、その他で使用できる。上述のとおり、直接メタノール燃料電池はつぎの化学式に従って反応する。
CH3OH + 1.5O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
(CH3OCO)2O+H2O→2CH3OH+2CO2
NH3BH3+H2O+熱→NH2BH2(固体)+H2
この反応は、「燃料電池応用のためのアンモニアおよびボランアンモニウム錯体を用いた水素生成の解析」、水素、燃料電池および基盤技術、FY2002コングレスリポート、Ali T−Raissi、その他(http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdf/33098_sec5.pdf)、および「携帯型水素発生器」、The Alchemist、2003年9月30日、Tina Walton(http://www.chemweb.com/alchem/articles/1063811899357.htmlから入手可能)に十分に説明されている。これら内容は参照してここに組み入れる。ボランアンモニウムはつぎの反応から生成できる。
2NH3(液体)+B2H6(液体)→2NH3BH3(液体)
したがって、アンモニアおよびボランは、水中で反応してボランアンモニウム燃料を生成する先駆試薬である。例1で検討したように、’293特許で開示されている、いくつかのボラン含有ポリマーをジボランに代えることができる。
N2H4H2O+H2O→2H2+N2+2H2O
ヒドラジンは高温で加水分解されたメリルエチルアジンからつぎのように生成される。
(CH3C2H5CN)2+3H2O+熱→N2H4H2O+2CH3C2H5CO
メチルエチルアジンは過酸化水素、アンモニアおよびメチルエチルケトン(MEK)から室温で製造される。これはつぎのようなものである。
H2O2+2NH3+2CH3C2H5CO→(CH3C2H5CN)2+4H2O
したがって、過酸化水素、アンモニアおよびMEKをヒドラジンの先駆試薬として貯蔵できる。ヒドラジンを生成する反応は米国特許第6517798号に説明されており、参照してここに組み入れる。
12 チャンバ
14 第1室部
15 反応剤室部
16 第3室部
16 反応剤室部
17 第4室部
18 可動壁
20 ワイパ
22 反応チャンバ
24 ポンプ
26、33、36 バルブ
30 管
32 膜
34 内部スペース
41 破砕部材
Claims (35)
- その場で燃料を生成できる燃料電池用の燃料サプライにおいて、
第1の先駆試薬を内包する第1の室部と、
第2の先駆試薬を内包する第2の室部とを有し、
上記第1の室部および上記第2の室部の内容物が燃料電池用の燃料を生成するために混合可能であることを特徴とする燃料サプライ。 - 上記第1の室部は上記第1の室部を包み込む請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1および第2の室部は併設される請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1および第2の室部は上側および下側の室部である請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第2の室部は壊れやすい、または貫通されやすい部品である請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- さらに、上記第2の先駆試薬、上記第1の先駆試薬、第3の先駆試薬または触媒を内包する第3の室部を有する請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記燃料はメタノールを有する請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬は二炭酸ジメチルを有する請求項7記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬は水を有する請求項7記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記燃料は水素化ホウ素を有する請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬はボラン含有ポリマーを有する請求項10記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬は炭酸塩を有する請求項10記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記燃料はボランアンモニウムを有する請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬はボラン含有ポリマーを有する請求項13記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬はアンモニアを有する請求項13記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記燃料はヒドラジンを有する請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬はアジン、過酸化水素、またはアンモニアを有する請求項16記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記燃料サプライは燃料電池システムに連結される請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第2の室部は取り外し可能である請求項1記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記第2の室部は弱体化セクションを有する請求項19記載の燃料サプライ。
- 上記弱体化セクションは上記第2の室部の厚さより薄い請求項20記載の燃料サプライ。
- 燃料電池用の燃料を製造する方法において、
第1の先駆試薬および第2の先駆試薬を内包する燃料サプライを準備し、
上記第1の先駆試薬は上記第2の先駆試薬と別々に保持され、
上記第1の先駆試薬を上記第2の先駆試薬に接触させて反応させ上記燃料を生成することを特徴とする上記方法。 - 上記2つの先駆試薬の間の反応は上記燃料サプライの内部で起こる請求項22記載の上記方法。
- 上記2つの先駆試薬の間の反応は上記燃料サプライの外部で起こる請求項22記載の上記方法。
- 上記2つの先駆試薬の間の反応は雰囲気温度で起こる請求項22記載の上記方法。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬は二炭酸ジメチルであり、上記第2の先駆試薬は水であり、これら試薬が反応してメタノールを生成する請求項22記載の上記方法。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬は炭酸塩であり、上記第2の先駆試薬はボランまたはジボランであり、これら試薬が反応して水素化ホウ素を生成する請求項22記載の上記方法。
- 上記炭酸塩は炭酸ナトリウムであり、上記燃料は水素化ホウ素ナトリウムである請求項27記載の上記方法。
- 上記ボランはボランポリマーとして貯蔵されている請求項27記載の上記方法。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬はアンモニアであり、上記第2の先駆試薬はボランまたはジボランであり、これら試薬が反応してボランアンモニウムを生成する請求項22記載の上記方法。
- 上記ボランはボランポリマーとして貯蔵されている請求項30記載の上記方法。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬はメチルエチルアジンであり、上記第2の先駆試薬は水であり、これら試薬が高温で反応してヒドラジンを生成する請求項22記載の上記方法。
- 上記第1の先駆試薬のメチルエチルアジンは、過酸化水素、アンモニア、およびメチルエチルケトンの反応により生成され、過酸化水素、アンモニア、およびメチルエチルケトンは先駆試薬として貯蔵可能である請求項32記載の上記方法。
- 第1の先駆試薬を内包する第1の室部と、
第2の先駆試薬を内包する第2の室部とを具備する燃料サプライを有し、
上記第1の室部および上記第2の室部の内容物が燃料電池用の燃料を生成するために混合可能であることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 上記第2の室部は上記燃料サプライの一部である請求項34記載の燃料電池システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/854,540 US7329470B2 (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2004-05-26 | Apparatus and method for in situ production of fuel for a fuel cell |
PCT/US2005/015213 WO2005119826A2 (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-05-03 | Apparatus and method for in situ production of fuel for a fuel cell |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2008500697A true JP2008500697A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
JP2008500697A5 JP2008500697A5 (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
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JP2007515111A Pending JP2008500697A (ja) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-05-03 | 燃料電池用の燃料をその場で生成する装置および方法 |
Country Status (8)
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US (2) | US7329470B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1751816A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2008500697A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100553021C (ja) |
AR (1) | AR049114A1 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY142173A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI253778B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005119826A2 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AR049114A1 (es) | 2006-06-28 |
US20080095689A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
TW200539501A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
WO2005119826A3 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
TWI253778B (en) | 2006-04-21 |
CN100553021C (zh) | 2009-10-21 |
CN1981403A (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
US7329470B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 |
WO2005119826A2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
US8557483B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
MY142173A (en) | 2010-10-15 |
EP1751816A4 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
US20050266281A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
EP1751816A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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