JP4891007B2 - 熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 - Google Patents
熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4891007B2 JP4891007B2 JP2006242009A JP2006242009A JP4891007B2 JP 4891007 B2 JP4891007 B2 JP 4891007B2 JP 2006242009 A JP2006242009 A JP 2006242009A JP 2006242009 A JP2006242009 A JP 2006242009A JP 4891007 B2 JP4891007 B2 JP 4891007B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- flour
- heat
- inhibition
- viscosity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 71
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 22
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- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 235000019759 Maize starch Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 3
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- -1 1-octyl Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium trimetaphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P1(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)O1 UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-Oxepanedione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)O1 JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000879330 Ophiostoma hybrid Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010055615 Zein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940050528 albumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021168 barbecue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007979 citrate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011194 good manufacturing practice Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OESFSXYRSCBAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxy-5-oxopentanoate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC([O-])=O OESFSXYRSCBAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G9/34—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
- A21D2/186—Starches; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D6/00—Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating or heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D6/00—Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating or heating
- A21D6/003—Heat treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/13—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using additives
- A23C9/137—Thickening substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
- A23G3/346—Finished or semi-finished products in the form of powders, paste or liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/52—Liquid products; Solid products in the form of powders, flakes or granules for making liquid products ; Finished or semi-finished solid products, frozen granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/09—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, purée, sauce, or products made therefrom, e.g. snacks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
- A23L19/18—Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/10—Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products
- A23L21/15—Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products derived from fruit or vegetable juices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/10—Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products
- A23L21/18—Simulated fruit products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/60—Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/60—Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
- A23L27/63—Ketchup
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
- A23L29/219—Chemically modified starch; Reaction or complexation products of starch with other chemicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
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Description
テキスチャーによる抑制の特性決定
低〜中程度の抑制度を有するデンプン又はフラワーは、水性媒質の中に分散させて糊化するように熱したとき、一定のテキスチャー特性を示すであろう。以下の実施例においては、これらのサンプルは、そのサンプルの加熱糊化スラリーが不粘着性で滑らかなテキスチャーを示すときに、抑制されたものであると決定している。
ブラベンダーデーターによる抑制の特性決定
熱抑制化デンプンの特性決定を、水の中に分散させて糊化させた後のその粘度の測定値を参照することにより詳しく行う。粘度を測定するのに用いる装置はブラベンダー VISCO/ Amylo/GRAPH (C.W. Brabender instruments, Inc., Hackensack, NJ により製造)とする。 VISCO/ Amylo/GRAPH は、デンプンスラリーをプログラム式加熱サイクルにかけたときに生ずる粘度のバランスをとるのにかかるトルクを記録する。非抑制デンプンについては、そのサイクルは、通常約60〜70℃での粘度上昇の開始、65〜95℃の範囲におけるピーク粘度の発生、及びそのデンプンを通常92〜95℃の高温に保ったときの任意の粘度低下を経る。この記録は、ブラベンダー単位(BU)で表わす任意測定単位で、加熱サイクルを通じて粘度を追尾した曲線より成る。
サンプルの調製
使用するデンプン及びフラワーは全て顆粒として、そしてことわりのない限り、ニュージャージー州ブリッジ・ウォーター市のNational Starch and Chemical Companyより供されたものとした。
ブラベンダー手順
何らかのことわりのない限り、以下のブラベンダー手順を利用した。コーン、タピオカ及びワキシーライスフラワーを除く全てのサンプルを、固形分5%の無水デンプンスラリーとするのに十分な量の蒸留水の中でスラリー化した。コーン、タピオカ及びワキシーライスフラワーは 6.3%の無水固形分においてスラリー化した。pHをクエン酸ナトリウムのクエン酸バッファーで pH3.0に調整し、そしてそのスラリーを 350cm/gのカートリッジの付いたブラベンダー VISCO/ Amylo/ GRAPHのサンプルカップに入れた。そのデンプンスラリーを92℃にまで急速加熱し、そして10分間保った。ピーク粘度及びピーク粘度の10分後の粘度をブラベンダー単位(BU)で記録した。パーセント粘度低下は次の式に従って計算した:
実施例1 本例は、本発明の熱処理法による市販の顆粒ワキシーメイズデンプンからの本発明のデンプンの調製を例示する。
b. 未改質コントロールはニュージャージー州ブリッジウォーター市のNational Starch Chemical Companyより入手した市販の顆粒ワキシーメイズデンプンとした。
c. 改質コントロールはニュージャージー州ブリッジウォーター市のNational Starch Chemical Companyより入手した市販の架橋化(オキシ塩化燐処理)顆粒ワキシーメイズデンプンとした。
d. サンプルは、中性pHの91mlの水の中に 7.0gのデンプン(水分量12%)をスラリー化し、次いでこのデンプンスラリーを沸騰湯浴の中で20分加熱することにより調理した。
e. 低温評価は25℃で実施した。
b. ブラベンダー手順においては、水の中に分散させた固形分 5.4%の無水デンプンを含むサンプルを50℃に急速加熱し、次いで1分当り 1.5℃で熱を95℃にまで上昇させ、そして20分その温度に保った。
実施例2 本例は、様々なデンプンを本発明の方法によって処理して化学架橋化デンプンに類似する特性を有する不粘着性増粘剤を供することができることを例示する。
b. サンプルは 100mlの水の中で12%の水分量の 7.5gのデンプン20スラリー化し、次いでこのデンプンスラリーを沸騰湯浴の中で20分加熱することにより調理した。
b. サンプルは 100ml水の中で12%の水分量の 7.5gのデンプンをスラリー化し、次いでこのデンプンスラリーを沸騰湯浴の中で20分加熱することにより調理した。
実施例3 本例は、処理デンプンの粘度及びテキスチャーに対する温度及びpH並びにデンプン水分含有量の効果を例示する。
A部:
20.4%の水分含有ワキシーメイズデンプンサンプル(100g)を蓋付ガラスジャーの中で 100℃で16時間オーブンに入れて加熱した。同じ条件下で第2サンプルは4時間加熱し、そして第3サンプルは7時間加熱した。その製品の粘度及びテキスチャーを、実施例1の表Iの調理評価法を利用して、12.1%の水分の顆粒ワキシーメイズデンプンコントロールと比較した。その結果を以下の表Vに示す。
b. 工程は pH5.2で行った。
c. 調理条件については表III 参照のこと。
B部:
市販の顆粒ワキシーメイズデンプン(ニュージャージー州ブリッジウォーター市のNational Starch Chemical Companyより入手)のサンプル(900g)を10″×15″×0.75″アルミニウムトレーに入れ、そしてオーブンの中で15,30,45及び60分間、 180℃で加熱した。デンプンのpHは調整せず、加熱工程の際約 5.2にしたままとした。サンプルの粘度及びテキスチャーを実施例1の方法により評価した。
b. 調理条件については表III 参照のこと。
実施例4 タピオカ、ワキシーメイズ及びワキシーライスフラワー:ブラベンダー手順による抑制の特性決定
pH9.4〜9.6 のタピオカデンプン、ワキシーメイズデンプン及びワキシーライスフラワーのサンプルを 125℃未満の温度において1%未満の水分量にまで脱水し、 160℃に平衡化し、次いで熱リアクター(水平型のダブルリボンジャケット付槽)の中で 160℃で加熱した。サンプルの熱処理時間は3〜6時間の範囲とした。
天然pH(約6.0)並びにpH7.5, pH8.5及び pH9.5でのワキシーメイズデンプンのサンプルに及ぼす抑制レベルのレベルに対する初期pH及び加熱処理時間の効果を評価し、そして以下の表にデーターを示す。このデーターは、粘度のパーセント低下の変動により反映される様々な抑制レベルを有するデンプンが様々な加熱時間及び初期pHで得られること、並びに高度の抑制はより高いpH値及びより長い加熱時間で得られうることを示す。更に、流動層リアクターを使用する本例における短くした熱処理時間を、実施例4及び5におけるhourにおける熱処理時間と比較すると、標準の熱リアクター又はオーブンで可能である場合よりも、流動層を用いた方が、はるかに短い時間においてより高いピーク粘度を有する抑制デンプンが得られうることがわかる。
pH9.5でのワキシーメイズデンプンに及ぼす抑制のレベルに対する加熱処理温度及び時間の効果を評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示す。このデーターは、抑制サンプルが 100〜 200℃の熱処理温度で得られ、一層高温では又は一層低温での一層長い時間では、一層の抑制が得られることを示す。 200℃で加熱したデンプンサンプルを高度に抑制されるか(上昇曲線) 又は完璧に抑制された(糊化せず)。
初期 pH9.5のワキシーメイズデンプンを、1〜2サンプル重量%の水分の存在における抑制について、流動層リアクターのチャンバーの中に飽和空気を注入することによって評価した。その結果を以下の表に示し、そしてデンプンを無水又は実質的に無水な条件で加熱処理した方が、水分の存在下で加熱処理したときよりも強く抑制されることを示す(無水サンプルについての粘度低下についてパーセントの低さに注目)。
天然pH及び初期 pH9.5でのコーンデンプンのサンプルに及ぼす抑制レベルに対する 160℃での初期pH及び加熱処理時間の効果を評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示す。このデーターは、天然pHに比べて塩基性pHにおいて(粘度上昇に注目)非常に高レベルの抑制が得られ、そしてより長い熱処理時間で一層強い抑制が得られることを示す。
天然pH及び初期 pH9.5でのポテトデンプンのサンプルに及ぼす阻害レベルに対する初期pHの効果を評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示す。
タンパク質、時間及び温度の効果
3.95%の内因性タンパク質を含み、 pH8.5及び 9.5に調整したワキシーメイズのサンプル、並びに1.52%の内因性タンパク質を含み、 pH7.5及び 9.5に調整したサンプルに及ぼす抑制に対するタンパク質の存在、並びに熱処理時間及び温度の効果を評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示す。このデーターは、タンパク質の存在が、タンパク質のないサンプルで達せられた抑制レベルよりも高いレベルをもたらすことを示した。この結果はまた、タンパク質レベル、pH並びに加熱処理時間及び温度が全て独立、且つ累積的な抑制レベル効果を有し、従って、タンパク質、pH、時間及び温度を高くすると抑制が強まることを示す。
エーテル化及びpHの効果
天然pH及び pH9.5の、7及び3重量%のプロピレンオキサイドと反応させたワキシーメイズサンプルを抑制について評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示す。
エステル化及びpHの効果
1重量%の無水酢酸と反応させた天然pH及び pH8.5のワキシーメイズサンプルを抑制について評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示す。
架橋及びpHの効果
0.02重量%で POCL3により架橋された、天然pH及び pH9.5のワキシーメイズサンプルを抑制について評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示す。データーは下降粘度を示し、そして熱処理時間を長くすると粘度低下がほとんどなくなり、架橋化デンプンはこの方法によって一層抑制されうることを示唆する。このデーターはまた、pHを高めると抑制が更に高まることを示す。
10.9%の初期水分含有量のワキシーメイズサンプルを流動層リアクターに、表に示す濃度のアンモニアを含む窒素流動ガスと共に導入した。これらのサンプルを、抑制レベルに及ぼすアンモニアガスの効果について評価した。その結果を pH9.5の実施例5で得られたものと比べることにより、アンモニアガスはデンプンのpHを高め、且つ加水分解を阻止するのに有効であることがわかるが、しかし加水分解及び抑制の促進において、デンプン直接的なpH調整などは有効でなかった。
Na2CO3を散布することによる流動層におけるpHの調整
ワキシーメイズサンプルを流動層リアクターに導入し、そして25%の炭酸ナトリウム溶液を散布し、同時に流動ガスを導入して、pHを上昇させた。次いでサンプルを周囲温度から 160℃に3時間以内で上げ、そして表に記載の時間にわたって 160℃に保った。
窒素ガス及び空気と共に流動させた pH9.5のワキシーメイズサンプルについて、抑制レベルに及ぼす流動ガスの効果を評価した。サンプルを抑制について試験し、そしてデーターは、窒素に比べ、流動ガスとして空気を用いたときに高い抑制率が達せられることを示す。
天然pH及び pH9.5の高アミロース含有デンプン(Hylon V)のサンプルを、抑制に及ぼす高アミロース含有量の効果のために評価した。高レベルのアミロースにより、ブラベンダー曲線を得るために加圧式 visco/ amylo/Graph (C.W.Brabender, Hackensack, NJ)を使用する必要があった。サンプルを10%のデンプン固形分でスラリー化し、 120℃に加熱し、そして30分保った。このデーターは、抑制が高pHサンプルでのみ得られたことを示す。
ワキシーメイズ及びタピオカデンプンのサンプルを 1.5部の水にスラリー化した。そのスラリーを52℃の湯浴に入れ、撹拌し、そして1時間かけて平衡にした。このサンプルの重量の 0.8%にまで濃 HClを加えた。このサンプルを52℃で1時間かけて変換させた。次いでpHを炭酸ナトリウムで 5.5に調整し、次いで水酸化ナトリウムで pH8.5にした。このサンプルを濾過により回収し、そしてエアードライにかけた(約11%の水分)。50gの量のデンプンをアルミトレーに入れ、カバーをかけ、そして強制ドラフトオーブンの中に 140℃で 5.5時間入れておいた。このデンプンを抑制について評価し、そしてその結果を以下の表に示し、そして変換デンプンのこの方法により熱抑制されうることが示された。
本例は、 160℃で 150分熱処理しておいた天然pH(pH6)の熱抑制化ワキシーメイズデンプン(T−Iデンプン)を含む、バーベキューソースの調製を述べる。重量%における成分は以下の通りである:
用途の記載
本法により調製した顆粒熱抑制化デンプンは、化学架橋化デンプンを使用する食品又は工業製品において利用できうる。これらのデンプンの主たる利点は、それらが、化学試薬の利用抜きで、化学架橋化デンプンの抑制特性を有している点にある。更なる利点は、これらの熱抑制化デンプン及びフラワーは、熱抑制処理により実質的に滅菌され、そして適切に保存すると無菌のままである点にある。また、天然の連結溶解安定性を有するデンプンをこの方法により熱抑制したとき、その熱抑制化デンプンは凍結溶解安定性のままである点、有利である。
Claims (4)
- 高レベル又は非常に高レベルに熱抑制された、α化していない顆粒デンプン又は穀粉であって、
(a)顆粒デンプン又は穀粉を1重量%未満の水分含量となるまで脱水し;そして
(b)この1重量%未満の水分含量のα化していない顆粒デンプン又は穀粉を100℃以上の温度で最大20時間加熱処理する;
ことを含んで成る方法により製造されたデンプン又は穀粉であって、ここで当該熱抑制されたデンプン又は穀粉は、熱抑制されていない同じデンプン又は穀粉、即ちコントロールデンプン又は穀粉のブラベンダー曲線とは異なるブラベンダー曲線を示し、高レベルの熱抑制では、糊化速度及び顆粒の膨潤率は低下し、ピーク粘度は消失し、そして長時間加熱すると、ブラベンダートレースは上昇曲線を描き、粘度のゆっくりとした連続上昇を示唆し、非常に高レベルの抑制では、デンプン顆粒はもはや糊化しなくなり、そしてブラベンダー曲線は平らであり続ける、デンプン又は穀粉。 - 前記脱水及び加熱処理工程が流動層内又はドライヤー内で実施される、請求項1記載のデンプン又は穀粉。
- 前記温度が120〜180℃である、請求項1又は2記載のデンプン又は穀粉。
- 前記脱水及び加熱処理工程が同時に実施される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のデンプン又は穀粉。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| WOPCT/US94/08559 | 1994-07-29 | ||
| PCT/US1994/008559 WO1995004082A2 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1994-07-29 | Heat treated noncohesive starches and flours and process for their production |
| US29621194A | 1994-08-25 | 1994-08-25 | |
| US08/296,211 | 1994-08-25 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8506460A Division JPH09503549A (ja) | 1994-07-29 | 1995-01-18 | 熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010174012A Division JP2010280895A (ja) | 1994-07-29 | 2010-08-02 | 熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 |
| JP2011006326A Division JP5429645B2 (ja) | 1994-07-29 | 2011-01-14 | 熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006336024A JP2006336024A (ja) | 2006-12-14 |
| JP4891007B2 true JP4891007B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 |
Family
ID=26788346
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8506460A Withdrawn JPH09503549A (ja) | 1994-07-29 | 1995-01-18 | 熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 |
| JP2006242009A Expired - Lifetime JP4891007B2 (ja) | 1994-07-29 | 2006-09-06 | 熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8506460A Withdrawn JPH09503549A (ja) | 1994-07-29 | 1995-01-18 | 熱抑制したデンプン及びフラワー並びにその製造のための方法 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1038882B2 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JPH09503549A (ja) |
| AT (2) | ATE206436T1 (ja) |
| AU (3) | AU1682795A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2172962C (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE69523033T3 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK0721471T4 (ja) |
| ES (2) | ES2166396T5 (ja) |
| WO (3) | WO1996003891A1 (ja) |
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-
1995
- 1995-01-18 WO PCT/US1995/000682 patent/WO1996003891A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-01-18 AT AT95908555T patent/ATE206436T1/de active
- 1995-01-18 AU AU16827/95A patent/AU1682795A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-18 WO PCT/US1995/000688 patent/WO1996004316A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-01-18 ES ES95908555T patent/ES2166396T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 DK DK95908555T patent/DK0721471T4/da active
- 1995-01-18 JP JP8506460A patent/JPH09503549A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-01-18 EP EP00103818A patent/EP1038882B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 AU AU17286/95A patent/AU1728695A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-18 ES ES00103818T patent/ES2211393T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 DE DE69523033T patent/DE69523033T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 AU AU16828/95A patent/AU1682895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-18 DE DE69532146T patent/DE69532146T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 AT AT00103818T patent/ATE254141T1/de active
- 1995-01-18 CA CA002172962A patent/CA2172962C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 EP EP95908555A patent/EP0721471B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 WO PCT/US1995/000684 patent/WO1996004315A1/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE254141T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
| DE69523033T3 (de) | 2009-09-10 |
| JPH09503549A (ja) | 1997-04-08 |
| EP1038882B1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
| EP0721471B1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
| ATE206436T1 (de) | 2001-10-15 |
| WO1996003891A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
| WO1996004316A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
| AU1728695A (en) | 1996-03-04 |
| JP2006336024A (ja) | 2006-12-14 |
| DK0721471T4 (da) | 2009-03-09 |
| DE69523033D1 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
| DK0721471T3 (da) | 2002-01-28 |
| CA2172962C (en) | 1999-09-21 |
| DE69532146T3 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
| EP0721471A1 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
| AU1682895A (en) | 1996-03-04 |
| ES2211393T3 (es) | 2004-07-16 |
| EP1038882B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
| DE69523033T2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
| ES2166396T3 (es) | 2002-04-16 |
| DE69532146T2 (de) | 2004-09-02 |
| ES2211393T5 (es) | 2009-04-16 |
| DE69532146D1 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
| WO1996004315A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
| ES2166396T5 (es) | 2009-05-01 |
| CA2172962A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
| AU1682795A (en) | 1996-03-04 |
| EP1038882A1 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| EP0721471B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
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