JP4879730B2 - メタンに富むガス状原料を液化して液化天然ガスを得る方法 - Google Patents
メタンに富むガス状原料を液化して液化天然ガスを得る方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4879730B2 JP4879730B2 JP2006501992A JP2006501992A JP4879730B2 JP 4879730 B2 JP4879730 B2 JP 4879730B2 JP 2006501992 A JP2006501992 A JP 2006501992A JP 2006501992 A JP2006501992 A JP 2006501992A JP 4879730 B2 JP4879730 B2 JP 4879730B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012887 quadratic function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0252—Control strategy, e.g. advanced process control or dynamic modeling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
- F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0287—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings including an electrical motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
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Description
(a)メタンに富むガス状原料を高圧で主熱交換器の第一管側の暖端部に供給し、該ガス状原料を、蒸発する冷媒により冷却し、液化し、更に過冷却して、液化流とした後、主熱交換器の冷端部から液化流を取り出し、該液化流を液化製品として貯蔵用に送る工程、
(b)蒸発した冷媒を主熱交換器のシェル側の暖端部から取り出す工程、
(c)該蒸発した冷媒を少なくとも1つの冷媒圧縮機で圧縮して、高圧冷媒を得る工程、
(d)該高圧冷媒を一部凝縮し、この一部凝縮した冷媒を分離器で液体重質冷媒フラクション及びガス状軽質冷媒フラクションに分離する工程、
(e)該重質冷媒フラクションを主熱交換器の第二管側で過冷却して、過冷却重質冷媒流とし、該重質冷媒流を減圧下で主熱交換器のシェル側の中央点に導入し、更に該重質冷媒流をシェル側で蒸発させる工程、及び
(f)該軽質冷媒フラクションの少なくとも一部を、主熱交換器の第三管側で冷却し、液化し、更に過冷却して、過冷却軽質冷媒流とし、該軽質冷媒流を減圧下で主熱交換器のシェル側の冷端部に導入し、更に軽質冷媒流をシェル側で蒸発させる工程、
を含む。
モデル予測制御が適用可能になる前に、まず、最適化すべき変数及び制御変数に対する、操作変数のステップ変化による影響を決める。その結果、1セットのステップ応答係数が得られる。このステップ応答係数セットは、液化方法のモデル予測制御の基礎を形成する。
更に、操作変数、操作変数の変化、及び制御変数には、制約を設定できる。その結果、性能指数の最小化と同時に解決される別の1セットの等式が得られる。
最適化を別途に行う場合、最適化すベき変数は、各制御動作についての予測誤差中に制御変数として含まれ、最適化によって、制御変数についての基準値が得られる。
ステップ応答係数を有するモデル及びモデル予測制御に必要な等式は、液化方法の制御のために実行するコンピュータプログラムの役割である。モデル予測制御を取り扱えるようなプログラムを入れたコンピュータプログラムは、高度プロセス制御器と呼ばれる。このコンピュータプログラムは市販されているので、このようなプログラムは、詳細には検討しない。本発明は、更に変数の選択に向けたものである。
天然ガスの液化用プラントは、暖端部3、冷端部5及び中央点7を持った主熱交換器1を有する。主熱交換器1の壁8は、シェル側10の境界を定める。シェル側には、暖端部3から冷端部5まで延びる第一管側13、暖端部3から中央点7まで延びる第二管側15及び暖端部3から冷端部5まで延びる第三管側16が配置されている。
冷媒の量を調節するため、重質冷媒フラクションは、バルブ49aを備えた導管49経由で排出できる。
冷媒の量を調節するため、ガス状軽質冷媒は、バルブ54aを備えた導管54経由で排気できる。
フラッシュ容器70の底部からは、導管80経由で液化製品が取り出され、貯蔵(図示せず)用に送られる。
第一の目的は、導管80を流れる液化製品の生産量を最大化することであり、この導管は膨張バルブ71により操作される。
この操作変数のセットには、導管52(膨張バルブ51)を流れる重質冷媒フラクションの質量流量、導管57(膨張バルブ58)を流れる軽質冷媒フラクションの質量流量、冷媒成分組成物(導管26a〜26d経由で供給される)の量、導管49経由で排出することにより、及び/又は導管54経由で排気することにより、取り出した冷媒の量、冷媒圧縮機30の処理能力及び導管20(膨張バルブ71により操作される)を通るメタンに富む原料の質量流量が含まれる。代りの一実施態様では、膨張バルブ71の上流の導管23に膨張タービン(図示せず)を配置できる。
好適には、中央点7の所の温度差である変数は、更に制御される。この温度差は、第一管側13の中央点7の所で液化されるガスの温度と、主熱交換器1のシェル側10の中央点7の所での流体の温度との差である。明細書及び特許請求の範囲では、この温度差は、第一中央点温度差と言う。
制御変数のセットには、液化流(液化天然ガス)の温度を表す変数も含まれる。更に制御変数のセットには、分離容器45に入る冷媒の組成、主熱交換器1のシェル10内の圧力、分離容器45内の圧力、及び分離容器45内の液体の水準81が含まれる。
これらの変数を選択することにより、モデル予測制御に基づく高度のプロセス制御による主熱交換器1の制御が達成される。
出願人は、こうして液化製品の生産量を最適化し、主熱交換器での温度分布を制御し、かつ冷媒の組成及び量又は残量を制御する効率的で迅速な制御が達成できることを見い出した。
制御変数の一つは、熱交換器1の暖端部3の所の温度差であり、この温度差は、導管20内の流体の温度と、導管25内の温度との差である。暖端部3の温度は、液体冷媒がシェル側10から導管25経由で確実に取り出されないようにするため、所定の限界間(最小限界値と最大限界値間)で維持される。
制御変数の一つは、液体流(液化天然ガス)の温度を表す変数である。好適にはこれは、主熱交換器1から導管23経由で取り出される液化天然ガスの温度である。或いは、液化天然ガスの温度を表す変数は、導管75を流れる排ガスの量である。
熱交換器43では、高圧冷媒は一部凝縮される。この熱交換器及び幾つかの他の熱交換器(図示せず)では、熱は、熱交換器(又は複数の熱交換器)のシェル側内で好適な圧力下に蒸発する補助冷媒(例えばプロパン)との間接熱交換により除去される。
補助冷媒のサイクル制御を主熱交換器1の制御と統合するため、操作変数のセットには、更に、補助冷媒圧縮機90又は複数の補助冷媒圧縮機の処理能力が含まれ、また制御変数のセットには、更に、補助冷媒圧縮機90又は複数の補助冷媒圧縮機を駆動するための動力が含まれる。
3 暖端部
5 冷端部
7 中央点
10 シェル側
13 第一管側
15 第二管側
16 第三管側
20 原料供給導管
23 液化天然ガス流導管
25 蒸発冷媒導管
26a〜26d 調節用冷媒成分組成物導管
30 冷媒圧縮機
32 高圧冷媒導管
35 ガスタービン
42 空気冷却機
43 熱交換器
45 分離容器又は分離器
46 入口装置
47 液体重質冷媒フラクション導管
48 ガス状軽質冷媒フラクション導管
50 過冷却重質冷媒流導管
51 膨張バルブ
52 重質冷媒(フラクション)流導管
54 ガス状軽質冷媒(フラクション)流導管
59 膨張軽質冷媒流導管
70 フラッシュ容器
71 膨張バルブ
72 入口装置
75 排ガス導管
80 液化製品導管
81 液体水準
90 補助冷媒圧縮機
92 ガスタービン
95 空気冷却機
97 凝縮補助冷媒導管
99 膨張バルブ
100 蒸発補助冷媒導管
Claims (13)
- (a)メタンに富むガス状原料を高圧で主熱交換器の第一管側の暖端部に供給し、該ガス状原料を、蒸発する冷媒により冷却し、液化し、更に過冷却して、液化流とした後、主熱交換器の冷端部から液化流を取り出し、該液化流を液化製品として貯蔵用に送る工程、
(b)蒸発した冷媒を主熱交換器のシェル側の暖端部から取り出す工程、
(c)該蒸発した冷媒を少なくとも1つの冷媒圧縮機で圧縮して、高圧冷媒を得る工程、
(d)該高圧冷媒を一部凝縮し、この一部凝縮した冷媒を分離器で液体重質冷媒フラクション及びガス状軽質冷媒フラクションに分離する工程、
(e)該重質冷媒フラクションを主熱交換器の第二管側で過冷却して、過冷却重質冷媒流とし、該重質冷媒流を減圧下で主熱交換器のシェル側の中央点に導入し、更に該重質冷媒流をシェル側で蒸発させる工程、及び
(f)該軽質冷媒フラクションの少なくとも一部を、主熱交換器の第三管側で冷却し、液化し、更に過冷却して、過冷却軽質冷媒流とし、該軽質冷媒流を減圧下で主熱交換器のシェル側の冷端部に導入し、更に軽質冷媒流をシェル側で蒸発させる工程、
を含む、メタンに富むガス状原料を液化して液化製品を得る方法において、1セットの制御変数のうちの少なくとも1つの制御変数を制御しながら、1セットの最適化すべき変数のうちの少なくとも1つの変数を最適化するため、1セットの操作変数に対して同時の制御行動を決めるモデル予測制御に基づく高度プロセス制御器を用いて、冷媒の組成及び量を調節する工程及び該液化方法を制御する工程を更に含むことを特徴とし、該操作変数のセットは、重質冷媒フラクションの質量流量、軽質冷媒フラクションの質量流量、冷媒成分組成物の量、冷媒の取出し量、冷媒圧縮機の処理能力、及びメタンに富む原料の質量流量を含み、該制御変数のセットは、主熱交換器の暖端部の温度差(主熱交換器の第一管側の暖端部に供給されるメタンに富む原料の温度と、主熱交換器のシェル側の暖端部から取出される蒸発した冷媒の温度との差)、液化流の温度を表す変数、工程(d)の分離器に入る冷媒の組成、主熱交換器のシェル内の圧力、工程(d)の分離器内の圧力、及び工程(d)の分離器内の液体水準を含み、かつ該最適化すべき変数のセットは、液化製品の生産量を含み、これにより液化製品の生産量が最大化される該液化方法。 - 前記制御変数のセットが、更に第一中央点温度差(主熱交換器の第一管側の中央点で液化されるガスの温度と、主熱交換器のシェル側内の中央点での冷媒の温度との差)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記制御変数のセットが、更に第二中央点温度差(主熱交換器の第一管側の中央点で液化されるガスの温度と、主熱交換器のシェル側に導入される重質混合冷媒流の温度との差)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記制御変数のセットが、第一管側の中央点で液化されるガスの温度を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記液化流の温度を表す変数が、主熱交換器から取り出された液化ガスの温度であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記液化流の圧力を低下させて、貯蔵のため送られる液化製品、及び排ガスを得る工程を更に含み、前記液化流の温度を表す変数が、該排ガスの量であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記冷媒量の調節工程が、ガス状冷媒の排気工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記冷媒量の調節工程が、液体冷媒の排出工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記冷媒が、窒素及びプロパンを含み、前記最適化すべき変数のセットが、更に冷媒の窒素含有量及び冷媒のプロパン含有量を含み、窒素含有量が最小化されると共に、プロパン含有量が最大化されることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記制御変数のセットが、更に冷媒圧縮機の駆動に必要な動力を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記操作変数のセットの1つである、冷媒圧縮機の処理能力が、冷媒圧縮機の速度、冷媒圧縮機の入口案内羽根の角度又はその両方により決まることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記高圧冷媒の一部凝縮が、少なくとも1つの熱交換器において、好適圧力で蒸発する補助冷媒との間接熱交換により行われ、蒸発した補助冷媒が、少なくとも1つの補助冷媒圧縮機中で圧縮されると共に、外部冷却液との熱交換により凝縮され、前記操作変数のセットが、補助冷媒圧縮機の処理能力を更に含み、また制御変数のセットが、補助冷媒圧縮機の駆動に必要な動力を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記操作変数のセットの1つである、補助冷媒圧縮機の処理能力が、補助冷媒圧縮機の速度、補助冷媒圧縮機の入口案内羽根の角度、又はその両方により決まることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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CN112617516B (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-02-11 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 灯光组件控制方法、陈列柜系统及设备 |
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WO2004068049A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
KR101059398B1 (ko) | 2011-08-25 |
AU2004207185A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
KR20050095635A (ko) | 2005-09-29 |
CN100465560C (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
US7266975B2 (en) | 2007-09-11 |
AU2004207185B2 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
DE602004002460D1 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
ES2273214T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
NO337653B1 (no) | 2016-05-23 |
MY137003A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
EA200501207A1 (ru) | 2006-02-24 |
CN1745285A (zh) | 2006-03-08 |
ATE340347T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
EP1595101A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
EP1595101B1 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
PT1595101E (pt) | 2007-01-31 |
NO20053643L (no) | 2005-08-31 |
TW200422573A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
JP2006516715A (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
EG23799A (en) | 2007-08-21 |
US20040255615A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
TWI314637B (en) | 2009-09-11 |
EA007356B1 (ru) | 2006-10-27 |
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