JP4868617B2 - 排ガスの処理装置及び処理方法 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
- F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/14—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and filtering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
- F01N2260/02—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
- F01N2260/022—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using air
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
図1A、図1B、図1Cは、それぞれ、本発明の実施の形態1に係る排ガス処理装置の吸着工程、脱着工程、冷却工程でのガスの流れを示す図である。図1A〜図1Cに示した記号の意味を図2に示す。図2に示すように、実線はガスが流通している流路(配管)、破線はガスが流通していない流路(配管)を示す。白抜きのバルブ(開閉弁)記号は開いたバルブを示し、黒塗りのバルブ(開閉弁)記号は閉じたバルブを示す。
図3A、図3B、図3Cは、それぞれ、本発明の実施の形態2に係る排ガス処理装置の吸着工程、脱着工程、冷却工程でのガスの流れを示す図である。図3A〜図3Cに示した記号の意味は図2に示した通りである。図1A〜図1Cと同一の部材には同一の符号を付して、それらの説明を省略する。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る排ガス処理装置は、吸着塔を2つ有する点で、吸着塔を1つのみ有する実施の形態1に係る排ガス処理装置と異なる。
本発明の実施の形態4に係る排ガス処理装置は、吸着塔を2つ有する点で実施の形態3に係る排ガス処理装置と共通する。但し、脱着工程に関して、本実施の形態4は実施の形態2と同じである点で、実施の形態1と同じである実施の形態3と異なる。
本発明の排ガス処理装置に用いられる吸着塔20,20a,20bの一実施形態を説明する。図6Aは吸着塔20,20a,20bの側面図、図6Bは図6Aの矢印6Bの方向から見た吸着塔20,20a,20bの透視図、図6Cは図6Aの矢印6Cの方向から見た吸着塔20,20a,20bの透視図である。
本発明の排ガス処理装置に用いられるプラズマリアクタ30の一実施形態を説明する。
脱着工程において吸着塔の吸着層に導入される脱着用ガスとしては、特に制限はなく、例えば大気を使用することができる。但し、脱着工程においてプラズマ処理を行う場合には、脱着用ガスは、酸素濃度が10vol%以下の低酸素ガスであることが好ましい。このような低酸素ガスとして、例えば純度99.99vol%の窒素ガスや、酸素濃度10vol%以下で酸素ガスを混合した窒素ガスを使用することができる。本発明者らは、脱着用ガスとして酸素濃度を種々に変えた窒素ガスを用い、プラズマ処理後の脱着用ガス中のNOXの残存率を実験により測定した。その結果、NOXの残存率は、酸素濃度が0vol%のときほぼ0%(即ち、NOX除去率がほぼ100%)であるが、酸素濃度が増加するにしたがって増大し、酸素濃度が多いほどプラズマ処理によってNOXがNO2、HNO3、N2O5、N2O等に変換される割合が大きくなることを確認した。特に酸素濃度が10vol%を超えるとプラズマ処理によりNOの大部分がNO2等に変換され、排ガス処理として不十分であった。
実施の形態1で説明した図1A〜図1Cの動作を行う排ガス処理装置を用いて、ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排ガス中のNOXを処理した実施例を示す。
実施の形態2で説明した図3A〜図3Cの動作を行う排ガス処理装置を用いて、ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排ガス中のNOXを処理した実施例を示す。
Claims (15)
- エンジンの排気口から排出される排ガスを処理する排ガス処理装置であって、
吸着剤が充填された吸着層、及び前記吸着層に対して熱伝達を行う伝熱流路を有する吸着塔と、
前記排気口から排出された前記排ガスを前記吸着塔の前記吸着層に導入するための排気口−吸着層間排ガス流路と、
前記排気口から排出された前記排ガスを前記吸着塔の前記伝熱流路に導入するための排気口−伝熱流路間排ガス流路と、
脱着用ガスを前記吸着層に導入するための脱着用ガス流路と、
冷却用ガスを前記吸着層に導入するための冷却用ガス流路と、
前記吸着層を通過した前記冷却用ガスを前記エンジンの吸気口に導入する吸着層−吸気口間冷却用ガス流路と
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。 - 前記吸着層と前記伝熱流路とが互いに独立している請求項1に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記冷却用ガスが、前記排気口から排出された前記排ガスを含む請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記吸着層を通過した前記脱着用ガスに対してプラズマ処理を行うプラズマリアクタを更に備える請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記プラズマリアクタが、沿面放電を発生する沿面放電素子を含む請求項4に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記沿面放電素子の前記沿面放電が発生する面に沿って前記脱着用ガスが流れるように前記脱着用ガスの流路を規制するガス流路規制形状が前記プラズマリアクタに設けられている請求項5に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記脱着用ガスが酸素濃度10vol%以下の低酸素ガスである請求項4〜6のいずれかに記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記低酸素ガスが、前記伝熱流路を通過した前記排ガスの少なくとも一部である請求項7に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記吸着層を通過した前記脱着用ガスの一部を前記吸着層に導入するための脱着用ガス循環流路を更に備える請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記吸着層を通過した前記脱着用ガスを前記エンジンの吸気口に導入するための吸着層−吸気口間脱着用ガス流路を更に備える請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記脱着用ガスが、前記伝熱流路を通過した前記排ガスの少なくとも一部である請求項10に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記吸着層を通過する前記排ガスを除湿するための除湿剤を更に備える請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 吸着剤が充填された吸着層と、前記吸着層に対して熱伝達を行う伝熱流路とを有する吸着塔を用いて、エンジンから排出される排ガスを処理する排ガス処理方法であって、
前記排ガスを前記吸着塔の前記吸着層に導入して前記排ガス中のNOXを含む被処理成分を前記吸着剤に吸着させる吸着工程と、
前記排ガスを前記吸着塔の前記伝熱流路に導入して前記吸着層を加熱するとともに、脱着用ガスを加熱された前記吸着層に導入して前記吸着剤から前記被処理成分を脱着させる脱着工程と、
冷却用ガスを前記吸着塔の前記吸着層に導入して前記吸着層を冷却し、前記吸着層を通過した前記冷却用ガスを前記エンジンの吸気口に導入する冷却工程と
を切り替えて行うことを特徴とする排ガス処理方法。 - 前記吸着塔を複数用いて、前記吸着工程、前記脱着工程、及び前記冷却工程からなる3工程を行うごとに前記3工程を行う吸着塔を切り替える請求項13に記載の排ガス処理方法。
- 前記複数の吸着塔のうちの1つの吸着塔を用いて前記吸着工程、前記脱着工程、及び前記冷却工程からなる3工程を行い、これと並行して前記複数の吸着塔のうちの他の1つの吸着塔の前記吸着剤に前記排ガス中のNOXを含む被処理成分を吸着させる請求項14に記載の排ガス処理方法。
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JPH0771230A (ja) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-03-14 | Nippon Soken Inc | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
JPH07139343A (ja) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-30 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | エンジンの排気ガス浄化装置 |
WO2005037412A1 (ja) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-04-28 | Osaka Industrial Promotion Organization | 排気ガス処理方法及び処理装置 |
JP2006112313A (ja) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-27 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化装置及びその制御方法 |
JP2007218177A (ja) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化システム |
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2008
- 2008-08-28 EP EP08829822.9A patent/EP2166205A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-28 US US12/667,938 patent/US8297045B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-28 WO PCT/JP2008/065441 patent/WO2009031454A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-08-28 JP JP2009531200A patent/JP4868617B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-28 KR KR1020107002517A patent/KR101065944B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8297045B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
EP2166205A1 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
JPWO2009031454A1 (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
US20110011059A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
EP2166205A4 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
KR101065944B1 (ko) | 2011-09-19 |
WO2009031454A1 (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
KR20100038218A (ko) | 2010-04-13 |
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