WO2005037412A1 - 排気ガス処理方法及び処理装置 - Google Patents
排気ガス処理方法及び処理装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005037412A1 WO2005037412A1 PCT/JP2004/014737 JP2004014737W WO2005037412A1 WO 2005037412 A1 WO2005037412 A1 WO 2005037412A1 JP 2004014737 W JP2004014737 W JP 2004014737W WO 2005037412 A1 WO2005037412 A1 WO 2005037412A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- adsorbent
- plasma
- gas treatment
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001241 arc-discharge method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 147
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 SO 2 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002831 nitrogen free-radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment method and a treatment device. More specifically, the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment method and a treatment apparatus capable of effectively treating components to be treated such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in exhaust gas by using non-thermal plasma.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- Patent Document 1 A reduction method using water and an hybrid method (Patent Document 1 below) have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-117049
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-11 114351
- Patent Document 3 JP 2001-300257 A
- a conventional exhaust gas treatment device is applied to a fixed combustion device such as a boiler or gas turbine or a mobile combustion device such as a diesel vehicle
- the efficiency is relatively low, the cost is high, and a large amount of water is required.
- the catalyst itself contains a noble metal, is relatively expensive, has a limited reserve, and has a relatively short life.
- problems such as poisoning by sulfur in the fuel and a decrease in combustor performance due to an increase in back pressure due to clogging.
- Patent Document 2 is intended to remove NOx or the like with a plasma containing oxygen (0).
- the present invention enhances the activity by ionizing using nitrogen gas to form a plasma, effectively utilizing this property, and adsorbing the plasma containing nitrogen as a main component.
- an exhaust gas processing method and a processing apparatus which combine desorption and nitrogen plasma processing and can effectively perform processing for removing components to be processed in exhaust gas containing oxygen.
- the exhaust gas treatment method of the present invention comprises a step of adsorbing the component to be treated in the exhaust gas to the adsorbent, and then flowing a nitrogen gas having an oxygen concentration of 10 vol% or less and a purity of 90 vol% or more into the adsorbent.
- An exhaust gas treatment method comprising the step of applying a non-thermal plasma to the adsorbent, wherein the component to be treated in the exhaust gas is adsorbed on the adsorbent, and then the nitrogen gas is passed through the adsorbent to discharge.
- the method is characterized in that the generated non-thermal plasma of nitrogen gas is applied to an adsorbent to perform a desorption process of a component to be treated and a regeneration of the adsorbent.
- the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention includes an adsorbing section for adsorbing a component to be treated in exhaust gas to an adsorbent, and a gas flow for flowing nitrogen gas having an oxygen concentration of 10 vol% or less and a purity of 90 vol% or more into the adsorbent.
- An exhaust gas treatment device including a passage and a reactor for applying non-thermal plasma to the adsorbent, wherein the component to be treated in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent, and the nitrogen gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent. And means for generating a discharge to apply the non-thermal plasma of the nitrogen gas to the adsorbent to desorb the component to be treated and regenerate the adsorbent.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view schematically showing an embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment method by adsorption and desorption according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view schematically showing one embodiment of a plasma exhaust gas treatment method of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram schematically showing one embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view schematically showing a state in which the exhaust gas and the nitrogen gas are switched in one embodiment of the exhaust gas processing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention, which is provided with a honeycomb adsorbent rotor.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention provided with an exhaust gas circulation treatment apparatus.
- FIG. 7 is an overall schematic configuration diagram for performing various measurements of an exhaust gas treatment device in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a circuit diagram of a power supply for plasma application in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of NO and the elapsed time at the outlet of the adsorbent at the time of adsorption in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of NO and NOx at the outlet of the adsorbent and the elapsed time during desorption of air plasma and nitrogen plasma in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the NOx concentration and the elapsed time at the outlet of the reactor after performing plasma treatment after nitrogen plasma desorption in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing an applied voltage applied to an air plasma generation electrode in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, an electric current flowing at that time, and instantaneous electric power in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an applied voltage applied to a nitrogen plasma generation electrode in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, an electric current flowing at that time, and instantaneous electric power in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between SED and NOx removal rate when plasma processing is performed in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the oxygen concentration and the NOx reduction amount, the oxygen concentration and the NO reduction amount, and the oxygen concentration and the NO increase amount when performing the plasma treatment in the example of the present invention.
- components to be treated such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in exhaust gas are adsorbed (also referred to as absorption) by an adsorbent, and desorption (also referred to as desorption) of the components to be treated is carried out using nitrogen gas as a main component. It is performed quickly and efficiently by plasma.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- the concentration of the component to be treated is increased, and at the same time, the exhaust gas treatment method for regenerating the adsorbent, and further, the nitrogen gas is further downstream of the method
- an exhaust gas treatment method in which components to be treated such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in exhaust gas are efficiently removed by the plasma as the main component and discharged into the atmosphere, and By switching the adsorbent and circulating the exhaust gas, it is possible to provide a highly efficient and energy-saving exhaust gas processing method and apparatus.
- the present invention provides the following method or apparatus to process exhaust gas with high efficiency and energy saving, thereby contributing to the preservation of the global environment.
- non-thermal plasma used herein refers to plasma in an ionized state where the gas temperature is considerably lower than a normal gas combustion temperature (about 700 to 1000 ° C.). Refers to plasma below ° C. Particularly preferred conditions are a temperature: 100 ° C. or less, a pressure: about atmospheric pressure, a relative humidity: 60% or less, an applied voltage: 1 to 50 kV, and a peak current: 1 to 100 A.
- the step of adsorbing the component to be treated in the gas to the adsorbent the step of flowing a nitrogen gas having an oxygen concentration of 10 vol% or less and a purity of 90 vol% or more into the adsorbent, A step of applying a plasma, wherein after the component to be treated in the gas is adsorbed on the adsorbent, the nitrogen gas is caused to flow through a flow path in which the adsorbent is present to generate a discharge, and the non-thermal plasma of the nitrogen gas is discharged to the adsorbent.
- desorption also called desorption
- regeneration of the adsorbent sometimes referred to as the first invention.
- the method may further include a step of applying the plasma of the nitrogen gas to the desorbed component to be treated by a non-thermal plasma reactor disposed downstream or integrally, and removing the nitrogen gas plasma. May be called).
- the adsorbent is preferably a zeolite having an average pore diameter of 0.1-5 nm.
- the gas is a combustion exhaust gas, and the components to be treated are ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ O, SO, SO, SO,
- At least one selected from volatile organic compounds (VOCs), environmental pollutants represented by dioxins, hydrocarbons, CO, CO and water vapor (H 0) is preferred.
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- Nitrogen oxides (NO) such as, ⁇ , ⁇ 0 can be reduced to nitrogen gas (N).
- sulfur such as SO 2, SO
- Volatile organic such as yellow oxide (SO), hydrocarbon, CO, CO, toluene, benzene, xylene, etc.
- Environmental pollutants such as compounds (VOCs), dioxins, halogenated aromatic substances, and highly condensed aromatic hydrocarbons can be decomposed or converted into harmless substances.
- the nitrogen gas having an oxygen concentration of 10vol% or less and a purity of 90vol% or more is It can be part of the exhaust gas discharged from the system. In this case, the exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine can be used effectively.
- the plasma gas temperature of the nitrogen gas is preferably 1000K or less.
- the lower limit of the temperature is of course possible especially at room temperature (27 ° C), and it can be carried out at –100 ° C or –200 ° C.
- the step of applying the plasma includes a pulse discharge method using an AC or DC voltage, a silent discharge method, a corona discharge method, a creeping discharge method, a barrier discharge method, a honeycomb discharge method, a pellet packed layer discharge method, or a combination thereof. It is preferable to use.
- the step of applying the plasma includes an arc discharge method using an AC or DC voltage, an inductive coupling discharge method, a capacitive coupling discharge method, a microwave excitation discharge method, a laser induced discharge method, an electron beam induced discharge method, It is preferable to use the particle beam induced discharge method or a combination thereof.
- a catalyst is disposed in at least one of the inside of the adsorbent, the inside of the plasma reactor, and the downstream thereof.
- a plurality of flow paths in which the adsorbent plasma reactor and the component-removing plasma reactor are arranged in series toward the gas inlet rocker outlet are prepared and arranged so that they can be switched.
- Exhaust gas is introduced from upstream, and the components to be treated are adsorbed by the adsorbent.
- the flow path is switched, and nitrogen gas with a purity of 90 vol% or more is flowed to the adsorbent after adsorption, desorbed and regenerated.
- the adsorbent after desorption is newly used for adsorption of exhaust gas.
- the released components to be treated such as NOx are concentrated and removed with a low energy using a component removal plasma reactor arranged downstream.
- the switching method of the flow path is a valve switching method or a rotary rotor method.
- the flow path at the time of the desorption and detoxification treatment of the component to be treated is preferably a gas circulation type (EGR). It is also possible to desorb adsorbed harmful components and re-introduce them into the combustor to make them harmless.
- EGR gas circulation type
- the exhaust gas treatment device itself further includes an exhaust device capable of changing the gas pressure to be equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure to promote adsorption and desorption. Good.
- the exhaust gas treatment apparatus itself further includes a device capable of heating or cooling exhaust gas or nitrogen gas to promote adsorption and desorption.
- the exhaust gas treatment device itself further include a gas measuring device such as an oxygen concentration sensor in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas treatment device itself further includes a device for collecting aerosol and particulates in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas treatment apparatus itself further includes a humidity adjusting means for the exhaust gas or the nitrogen gas.
- the device of the present invention can be installed and used in a combustion system such as a diesel engine, a boiler, a gas turbine, an incinerator, or the like.
- the components to be treated such as NOx contained in the exhaust gas are absorbed by the adsorbent, and after the adsorption, the components to be treated are desorbed with high efficiency using a plasma containing nitrogen as a main component.
- a method of regenerating and increasing the concentration of the components to be treated (first invention). Further downstream, the components to be treated in the exhaust gas are efficiently removed by a plasma containing nitrogen as the main component, and the air is removed.
- the present invention relates to a device (third invention).
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the first embodiment of the present invention, in which a reactor in which both ends of a quartz tube 1 are sealed with silicone rubber stoppers 2 and 3 is used.
- the components to be treated are adsorbed and removed by the pellet-type adsorbent 5 installed in the reactor for a long time, and then discharged. After the adsorption, nitrogen gas was introduced, and the discharge wire 6 installed inside the reactor and the surrounding area outside the reactor A high-voltage pulse voltage is applied from a power supply 8 between the copper mesh electrodes 7 installed in the apparatus. As a result, plasma is generated, plasma is applied to the adsorbent, and desorption of exhaust gas in a short time and regeneration of the adsorbent are performed.
- the treated gas b is discharged from the outlet 9.
- the inner diameter of the quartz tube 1 of the reactor 1 was 20 mm, the outer diameter was 26 mm, the length of the quartz tube was 450 mm, and the length of the pellet and copper mesh electrode was 56 mm.
- the adsorbent is not particularly limited as long as it can effectively absorb the component to be treated and can be desorbed.
- Preferred examples thereof include zeolite, activated carbon, alumina, cordierite and polyester fiber having an average pore diameter of 1.0 to 5 mm. Can be mentioned.
- the conductivity is as low as possible, and the higher the conductivity is, because a strong plasma can be generated.
- the shape is preferably a pellet shape or a honeycomb shape in order to reduce the flow pressure loss.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a component removal plasma reactor for decomposing the component to be desorbed with nitrogen plasma.
- An example of the second invention is constituted by the component-removing plasma reactor.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. In FIG. 2, a high-voltage pulse voltage is applied to the desorbed gas containing the component to be processed that flows in from the upper left, between the discharge wire and the same mesh electrode to generate plasma, and the component to be processed is removed.
- the component to be treated in the exhaust gas is nitric oxide (NO)
- NO nitric oxide
- the generated NO can be reduced to almost 100% N by the reaction of nitrogen radicals formed by nitrogen plasma and high-speed electrons.
- the type of plasma generated by the component-removing plasma reactor is not particularly limited. However, for a hardly decomposable gas (such as CO), a high temperature of about 1000 ° C (heat, high temperature, thermal
- the step of applying the plasma includes a pulse discharge method using an AC or DC voltage, a silent discharge method, a corona discharge method, a creeping discharge method, a barrier discharge method, a honeycomb discharge method, a pellet filling layer discharge method, and an arc discharge method.
- Inductively coupled discharge, capacitively coupled discharge, microwave-excited discharge, laser-induced discharge An electric system, an electron beam induced discharge system, a particle beam induced discharge system, or a combination thereof can be used.
- the adsorbent plasma reactor and the component-removing component plasma reactor used in the present invention are not limited to the structures shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and are suitable for each type of plasma application. Various conceivable methods can be adopted.
- a catalyst for activating the reduction may be disposed in at least one of the inside of the adsorbent plasma reactor, the inside of the component-removing plasma reactor, and the downstream thereof.
- the catalyst is an auxiliary means for improving the performance of the treatment apparatus, and is not essential.
- an exhaust gas treatment device based on the above exhaust gas treatment method is installed in a combustion system of a diesel engine, a boiler, a gas turbine, or an incinerator, a part of the output is generated by a generator. Instead of electric power, the plasma reactor can be driven.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the embodiment of the third invention.
- the adsorbent plasma reactor 13 and the component-removing plasma reactor 14 based on the second invention prepare a plurality of flow paths arranged in series toward the exhaust port also for the gas inlet rocker and arrange them so that they can be switched.
- Exhaust gas 11 is introduced from upstream, and the components to be treated such as NOx therein are adsorbed by the adsorbent in the adsorbent plasma reactor 13.
- the present invention can be carried out only with the adsorbent plasma reactor 13, the use of the component-removing plasma reactor 14 improves the efficiency.
- the flow paths are switched, and the exhaust gas 11 is treated with another adsorbent, while the nitrogen gas 12 having a purity of 90 vol% or more is passed through the adsorbent after the adsorption, and the plasma power is supplied.
- Detach and play by switching ONZOFF of 15 The desorbed adsorbent will be newly used for exhaust gas adsorption.
- the released components to be treated such as NOx are highly concentrated, are subjected to low-energy removal treatment using the component-removing plasma reactor 14 disposed downstream, and are exhausted as purified exhaust gas 16. With the above-described method, the exhaust gas 16 is always kept in a purified state.
- the adsorbent plasma reactor and the component-removing plasma reactor may be combined.
- the switching method of the flow path is a valve switching method or a diagram as shown in Figs. As shown in FIG. 5, a switching method using a rotary rotor 17 may be used. This facilitates the switching of the flow path.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of an embodiment in which the flow path at the time of removing the component to be treated is a single gas circulation type.
- Exhaust gas 21 is introduced from the upstream, and components to be treated such as NOx therein are adsorbed on one of the two adsorbents 23 by a three-way valve 28. After the adsorption, the flow path is switched by a three-way valve 28, and nitrogen gas 22 having a purity of 90 vol% or more is flown into the adsorbent 23 after adsorption using the valve 27, and the plasma power supply 25 is turned on to perform the adsorption. Desorb and regenerate the agent. The desorbed adsorbent 23 is newly used for exhaust gas adsorption.
- the released components to be treated such as NOx are highly concentrated and temporarily stored in the gas tank 30. Thereafter, the outlet force of the component-removing plasma reactor 24 is also circulated to the inlet by the pump 29, and at the same time, the plasma is generated by turning on the power supply 25, and the component to be processed is removed by the 24 and finally purified. It is discharged as 26.
- the exhaust gas 21 is introduced from the upstream and adsorbed by the adsorbent 23, and then the nitrogen gas 22 having a purity of 90 vol% or more is passed through the adsorbent 23, and the plasma power supply 25 is turned on to desorb the adsorbent.
- the supply direction of the nitrogen gas 22 having a purity of 90 vol% or more may be the same direction (cocurrent) or the opposite direction (counterflow) as the supply direction of the exhaust gas 21. . If anything, countercurrent is preferred because the adsorbate is easily desorbed.
- the exhaust gas treatment apparatus itself can be provided with an exhaust apparatus capable of changing the gas pressure to be equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure to promote adsorption and desorption.
- an apparatus capable of heating or cooling nitrogen gas to promote adsorption and desorption can be further provided.
- the adsorbent plasma reactor In order to prevent clogging of the adsorbent and the component-removing plasma reactor, it is desirable to provide an aerosol or a fine particle filter in the processing apparatus. However, if the adsorbent plasma reactor has the performance due to the effects of electrostatic collection, filter, etc., it can also be used. [0058] Since the desorption and the plasma reaction depend on the humidity and the temperature, it is desirable to provide means for dehumidifying, heating and cooling exhaust gas or nitrogen gas in the processing apparatus. Its structure includes a general mist trap, heating by an electric heater, and air cooling by a blower.
- the exhaust gas treatment device When the exhaust gas treatment device is installed in a combustion system such as a diesel engine, a boiler, a gas turbine, an incinerator, or the like, part of the output is converted to electric power by a generator and both plasma reactors are driven. can do.
- a combustion system such as a diesel engine, a boiler, a gas turbine, an incinerator, or the like
- the treatment of exhaust gas from a combustion device containing a large amount of oxygen at a low concentration is combined with adsorption, desorption, and non-thermal plasma treatment of nitrogen gas. It can be processed efficiently with a dry process without additional processing.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus of this example.
- Dry nitrogen gas (purity 99%, hereinafter referred to as nitrogen) 31 dry air (hereinafter referred to as air) 32, dry nitrogen dilution 2% NO gas (hereinafter referred to as NO) 33 are mixed, and three mass flow controllers 34 After adjusting the flow rate and the oxygen, nitrogen, and NO concentrations to the specified values, the mixed model exhaust gas was passed through the three-way valve 35a, and charged with unused zeolite adsorbent pellets (MS-13X, manufactured by Merck KGaA). It was poured into the adsorbent Plas Mariaactor 36 and adsorbed.
- nitrogen dry nitrogen gas
- air dry air
- NO dry nitrogen dilution 2% NO gas
- a voltage was applied to the adsorbent plasma reactor 36 from the pulsed high-voltage power supply 38 while flowing nitrogen or air to generate non-thermal plasma, and the adsorbed NO was desorbed. Further, the three three-way valves 35a, 35b, and 35c were opened and closed, and the desorbed NO was introduced into the downstream component-removing plasma reactor 37 to perform a purification process using plasma.
- the outer shape of the adsorbent plasma reactor 36 is a quartz tube similar to that shown in FIG.
- the length was 20 mm, the outer diameter was 26 mm, the total length of the quartz tube was 450 mm, and the length of the pellet and copper mesh electrode was 56 mm.
- the external shape of the plasma reactor 37 for removing components to be treated was the same as that shown in Fig. 2, with an inner diameter of 20mm, an outer diameter of 26mm, a quartz tube length of 450mm, and a copper mesh electrode length of 260mm.
- the plasma power supply 38 includes an IGBT pulse high-voltage power supply (manufactured by Masuda Laboratories, PPCP Pulsar
- FIG. 8 shows the circuit diagram.
- reference numeral 42 denotes a DC power supply, which can output up to 7 A at 200 V AC.
- 43 is a gate drive circuit
- 44 is a high voltage tank
- CO is a capacitor. 1.
- 5-1. 9kV voltage is switched by IGBT.
- Reference numeral 45 denotes a pulse transformer, and its ratio is set to 1:20.
- 46 is a magnetic pulse compression means.
- Reference numeral 47 denotes a high voltage output, which is 9 Hz to lkHz and 35 kV.
- the waveforms of the applied voltage, current, and instantaneous power to both plasmactors are measured with an oscilloscope (DL1740, manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation), a high-voltage probe, and a current probe (SonyTektronix, P6015A and P6021), and the integrated power of the instantaneous power is measured. The power consumption was determined.
- NOx may be newly generated even at a low temperature of about 100 ° C due to the reaction between oxygen and nitrogen in the gas.
- the plasma reactor 37 for removing components to be treated used in the present example it has been previously confirmed that NOx is not discharged when NO is not adsorbed. That is, it was confirmed that NOx in Fig. 10 was generated by desorption.
- FIG. 11 shows the results when NOx desorbed with nitrogen is treated in the downstream component-removing plasma reactor 37. With a power consumption of 36W, more than 95% removal is possible.
- Figs. 12 and 13 show an adsorbent plasma reactor using air and nitrogen, respectively.
- the waveforms of the applied voltage, current, and instantaneous power to 36 are shown.
- the instantaneous power is displayed by multiplying V and I in the region where V> 0.
- the waveforms are almost the same, and the integrated power of the instantaneous power is about 11 W, which is almost the same value.
- FIG. 14 shows the experimental results of NOx reduction under various conditions using nitrogen plasma at 2.0 L / min.
- P discharge power (W)
- Q gas flow rate (L / min). It can be seen that NO can be 100% reduced to N at 250 J / L (power conversion 8.3 W) for 500 ppm concentration NO and about 500 J / L (power conversion 16.7 W) for 100 ppm NO.
- FIG. 15 shows the result of examining the effect of the oxygen concentration on the plasma reaction.
- the plasma power is 28 W, which is larger than the minimum power value calculated from Fig. 14.
- the oxygen concentration was adjusted by mixing air and nitrogen. From Fig. 15, when the oxygen concentration is 0%, the power that can achieve almost 100% NO removal The NO removal amount decreases as the oxygen concentration increases, and NO or a small amount of HNO not shown in the figure , ⁇ 0, ⁇ ⁇ etc.
- Ratio increases. When the oxygen concentration approaches 10% when the oxygen concentration is 6% or more, most of NO becomes NO etc.
- the device of the present invention can be installed in a combustion system such as a diesel engine, a boiler, a gas turbine, an incinerator and the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04792093A EP1683565B1 (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2004-10-06 | Method of treating exhaust gas and treating apparatus |
US10/576,369 US7521031B2 (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2004-10-06 | Method and apparatus for treating exhaust gas |
JP2005514744A JP4590618B2 (ja) | 2003-10-21 | 2004-10-06 | 排気ガス処理方法及び処理装置 |
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JP2003-361010 | 2003-10-21 | ||
JP2003361010 | 2003-10-21 |
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WO2005037412A1 true WO2005037412A1 (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
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PCT/JP2004/014737 WO2005037412A1 (ja) | 2003-10-21 | 2004-10-06 | 排気ガス処理方法及び処理装置 |
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US (1) | US7521031B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1683565B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4590618B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005037412A1 (ja) |
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JP2007000733A (ja) * | 2005-06-22 | 2007-01-11 | Osaka Prefecture Univ | ガス処理方法及び処理装置 |
US7785406B2 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2010-08-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Apparatus for volatile organic compound treatment and method of volatile organic compound treatment |
CN101189059B (zh) * | 2005-07-04 | 2011-06-15 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 挥发性有机化合物处理装置 |
JP2007321678A (ja) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-13 | Osaka Prefecture Univ | 排気ガス処理方法及び処理装置 |
WO2009031454A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-12 | Osaka Prefecture University Public Corporation | 排ガスの処理装置及び処理方法 |
KR101065944B1 (ko) | 2007-09-04 | 2011-09-19 | 도꾸리쯔교세이호징 가가꾸 기쥬쯔 신꼬 기꼬 | 배기가스의 처리 장치 및 처리 방법 |
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CN113877386A (zh) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-04 | 安徽国科环保设备制造有限公司 | 一种低温等离子体协同吸附功能的有机废气净化设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1683565A1 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
JPWO2005037412A1 (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
US7521031B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
EP1683565A4 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
JP4590618B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
EP1683565B1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
US20070071657A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
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