JP4828890B2 - 食肉タンパク質由来の抗疲労ペプチド - Google Patents
食肉タンパク質由来の抗疲労ペプチド Download PDFInfo
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- JP4828890B2 JP4828890B2 JP2005234407A JP2005234407A JP4828890B2 JP 4828890 B2 JP4828890 B2 JP 4828890B2 JP 2005234407 A JP2005234407 A JP 2005234407A JP 2005234407 A JP2005234407 A JP 2005234407A JP 4828890 B2 JP4828890 B2 JP 4828890B2
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Landscapes
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Description
アクトミオシンは、豚骨格筋から調製した。すなわち、挽き肉にした豚骨格筋(大腿二頭筋)に緩衝液(0.6M KCl/0.04M NaHCO3/0.01M Na2CO3)を加え、混合・遠心分離を繰り返した後、透析による脱塩と凍結乾燥により、アクトミオシン標品を得た。蒸留水10mlにアクトミオシン100mgを入れ、十分に懸濁させた。これに、7種類のプロテアーゼ(パパイン、ペプシン、α−キモトリプシン、サーモリシン、プロテイネースK、プロナーゼE、フィチン)のうちの1種を10mg添加し、37℃で3時間反応させた。反応終了後、95℃で10分間加熱し、プロテアーゼを失活させた。遠心分離により不溶物を除去した上澄液をアクトミオシン分解物溶液とした。
抗酸化活性の測定は、スーパーオキシドイオンを化学発光法によって定量する方法を用いて行った。まず、測定試料(抗酸化物質あるいは対照の水)の存在下で、ヒポキサンチンにキサンチンオキシダーゼを反応させ、スーパーオキシドイオンを生成させた。生成したスーパーオキシドイオンに、発光試薬である2−メチル−6−p−メトキシフェニルエチニルイミダゾピラジノン(MPEC、アトー株式会社製)を反応させ、発光量をルミネッセンサーで測定した。以下の式により、抗酸化活性を算出した。
抗酸化活性(%)=(対照の測定値−試料の測定値)÷対照の測定値×100
抗疲労効果は、試料(アクトミオシン分解物やペプチド等)を経口投与したマウスを強制走行させたときの走行時間の延長程度(水を経口投与した対照群と比較)により判定した。ICR系雄マウスを4週齡まで予備飼育し、4週齡から強制運動走行装置(トレッドミルMK-680S、室町機械株式会社製)に慣れさせるための予備走行を行い、抗疲労効果の判定には5〜6週齡のものを用いた。強制走行はトレッドミル走行面の傾斜を15度とし、ベルト速度を20m/minとして行った。
ペプチド精製のための逆相高速クロマトグラフィーは、2種の条件(条件1および条件2)により実施した。条件1では、カラムにCAPCELL PAK C18 UG-1204.6×150mmを用い、溶出液A(0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸を含む蒸留水)から溶出液B(0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸を含むアセトニトリル)への直線濃度勾配系で溶出を行った。流速1ml/minで、溶出時間10分目までは溶出液Aを流し、10分目から濃度勾配を開始し、溶出時間40分目でB液濃度が20%となるようにした。条件2では、カラムにCAPCELL PAK C18 UG-1202.1×150mmを用い、溶出液A(0.015%アンモニアを含む蒸留水)から溶出液B(0.015%アンモニアを含むアセトニトリル)への直線濃度勾配系で溶出を行った。流速0.2ml/minで、溶出開始と同時(0分目)に濃度勾配を開始して溶出時間8分目で溶出液Bの濃度が20%となるようにし、さらに溶出時間8分目から10分目にかけて溶出液Bの濃度が20%から100%になるように2段階目の濃度勾配をかけた。なお、いずれの条件の場合も、装置には、島津社製高速液体クロマトグラフLC−VPシステムを利用した。
精製したペプチドのアミノ酸配列は、自動エドマン法(気相法)によるN末端アミノ酸分析により決定した。自動分析装置としてアプライドバイオシステムズ社製プロテインシークエンサーモデル470Aを使用した。また、ペプチドの分子量測定には、島津社製質量分析装置QP8000αを使用した。
豚骨格筋アクトミオシンのプロテアーゼ分解物8種(反応液中の試料濃度:0.4mg/mL)、すなわち、パパイン分解物、ペプシン分解物、トリプシン分解物、αキモトリプシン分解物、サーモリシン分解物、プロティネースK分解物、プロナーゼE分解物、フィチン分解物及びカルノシンの抗酸化活性(スーパーオキシドイオン消去能)を測定した。図1に示した結果のように、いずれのプロテアーゼで調製した分解物及びカルノシンは抗酸化活性を示したが、パパイン分解物に最も強い活性が見られた。
豚骨格筋アクトミオシンのパパイン分解物から、抗酸化ペプチドの精製を4回の逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィー(1st、2nd、3rd、4th HPLC run)により行った。まず、アクトミオシンのパパイン分解物を条件1による分画に供し、5分間隔で溶出液を採取した。各画分の抗酸化活性(スーパーオキシドイオン消去能)を測定した結果、溶出時間25〜30分の画分に最も高い活性が認められた(1st HPLC run)。この画分を再度、同条件(条件1)の逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供し、0.5分間隔で溶出液を採取した。各画分の抗酸化活性を測定した結果、溶出時間35.5〜36.0分の画分に最も高い活性が認められた(2nd HPLC run)。さらに、この画分を条件2の逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる分画に供した(3rd HPLC run)。このとき得られたクロマトグラムを図3に示した。各ピークの部分の抗酸化活性を測定した結果、クロマトグラム上に矢印を付けた(1)、(2)、(3)のピーク部分の溶出液に高い活性が認められた。これらの3つのピークの画分をそれぞれ、再度、同条件(条件2)による逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供し、単一のペプチドが含まれるように精製した(4th HPLC run)。
(1)Asp-Leu-Tyr-Ala
(2)Ser-Leu-Tyr-Ala
(3)Val-Trp
これら配列番号1で示されるAsp-Leu-Tyr-Ala、配列番号2で示されるSer-Leu-Tyr-Ala、Val-Trpの3種のペプチドのアミノ酸配列は、いずれも豚骨格筋のアクチン配列中に認められるものであり、アクトミオシンをパパインで分解した際に、アクチン部分から生成したものと考えられた。
アクトミオシンのパパイン分解物中より発見した3種の抗酸化ペプチド(Asp-Leu-Tyr-Ala、Ser-Leu-Tyr-Ala、Val-Trp)の配列をもとに、合成ペプチドを調製した。合成ペプチドの調製には、アプライドバイオシステムズ社製ペプチド合成装置モデル430Aを使用した。合成ペプチドは、逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィー(条件1)により、純度90%以上になるように精製した。3種の合成ペプチドは、反応液中のペプチド濃度が200μg/mLとなるように調製して抗酸化活性を測定した。その結果を図4に示した。図4より、3種の合成ペプチドは、いずれも抗酸化活性を有し、公知の抗酸化ペプチドの1つであるカルノシン(抗酸化ペプチド:β−アラニル−L−ヒスチジン)よりその活性は高いことが認められた。
Claims (1)
- 下記(1)〜(3)のいずれかで表されるペプチド又はその塩を有効成分とする抗疲労剤。
(1)Asp-Leu-Tyr-Ala
(2)Ser-Leu-Tyr-Ala
(3)Val-Trp
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