JP4813797B2 - 水素化分解用触媒 - Google Patents
水素化分解用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4813797B2 JP4813797B2 JP2004554551A JP2004554551A JP4813797B2 JP 4813797 B2 JP4813797 B2 JP 4813797B2 JP 2004554551 A JP2004554551 A JP 2004554551A JP 2004554551 A JP2004554551 A JP 2004554551A JP 4813797 B2 JP4813797 B2 JP 4813797B2
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- Prior art keywords
- zeolite
- catalyst
- surface area
- range
- unit cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 137
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011959 amorphous silica alumina Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical group [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009614 chemical analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
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- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/14—Iron group metals or copper
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- B01J29/084—Y-type faujasite
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- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/80—Mixtures of different zeolites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/16—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/16—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
- C10G47/20—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing other metals or compounds thereof
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- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/16—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to increase the Si/Al ratio; Dealumination
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J2229/20—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements in the catalyst composition comprising the molecular sieve, but not specially in or on the molecular sieve itself
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- B01J2229/22—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to destroy the molecular sieve structure or part thereof
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- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/40—Special temperature treatment, i.e. other than just for template removal
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- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
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- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
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- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/12—Noble metals
- B01J29/126—Y-type faujasite
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- B01J29/14—Iron group metals or copper
- B01J29/146—Y-type faujasite
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Description
本発明は、触媒組成物及び該組成物の水素化分解への使用法に関する。
原材料、特にアルカリ含有量の少ないホウジャサイトゼオライトを慎重に選択、使用すると共に、中程度の水蒸気焼成条件と中程度の酸又は酸−アンモニウム脱アルミ化条件とを慎重に組合わせることにより、特に水素化分解に有利な極めて高い結晶度を保持しながら、単位気泡サイズが小さく、表面積が大きく、かつシリカ対アルミナモル比の範囲が広いホウジャサイトゼオライトが得られることが見い出された。
a)シリカ対アルミナ比が4.5〜6.5で、アルカリ水準が1.5重量%未満であるホウジャサイト構造の出発ゼオライトを用意する工程、
b)前記出発ゼオライトを、温度600〜850℃の範囲及び水蒸気の分圧0.2〜1気圧の範囲で、単位気泡サイズが24.30〜24.45Åの中間体ゼオライトを生成するのに有効な時間、水熱処理する工程、
c)前記中間体ゼオライトを、単位気泡サイズが24.10〜24.40Åの範囲で、シリカ対アルミナのモル比が12を超え、表面積が850m2/gを超える大表面積のゼオライトを生成するのに有効な条件下で、酸及び任意にアンモニウム塩を含む酸性化溶液と接触させ、これにより大表面積ゼオライトを生成する工程、及び
d)前記大表面積ゼオライトを回収する工程、
を含み、任意に、引き続き、
e)前記ゼオライトを、バインダー及び/又は第二分解性成分と混合し、押し出し、次いで焼成する工程、及び
f)少なくとも1つの水素化成分を、工程(d)の前記ゼオライトに取り込むか、又は工程(e)又はこれに続く工程のいずれかの段階で前記触媒に取り込む工程、
の一方又は両方を含む。
触媒支持体として使用されるゼオライトは、単位気泡サイズが24.10〜24.40Åの範囲にある単位気泡サイズの小さいホウジャサイトゼオライト、好ましくはYゼオライトである。このように単位気泡サイズの小さいゼオライトは、当該技術分野で有用な中間蒸留物選択性を示すが、従来は、単位気泡サイズの大きいものよりも低活性の触媒を与えることが知られている。活性は、供給原料の特定の転化を行うのに必要な温度で決定される。高活性の触媒を用いた場合、同等の転化を行うには、温度は低くて済む。接触法では、コークスの沈着等による触媒の失活のため、所望の転化水準を維持するには、反応温度は、経時と共に上昇させなければならないのが普通である。同じ所望の転化に低い反応温度を使用できる触媒は、商業的に非常に魅力がある。反応温度の上昇に従って、触媒の失活は一層早く起こるので、低温で所望の転化性を示す触媒は、長寿命でもある。
本発明の触媒は、このような活性上の利点を有する。
ゼオライト支持体のシリカ対アルミナの嵩モル比(以下、“SAR”とも言う)は、12を超える。有用な触媒のSARは、20〜100の範囲である。SARは、好ましくは20から、80まで、最も好ましくは50までの範囲である。
ホウジャサイトゼオライトの単位気泡サイズは、普通の性能であり、標準的な方法により±0.01Åの精度で評価できる。最も普通の測定法は、ASTM D3942−80に従ったX線回折(XRD)によるものである。
本発明ホウジャサイト構造の大表面積、即ち、850m2/gより大きい表面積は、好適には、下記方法により作られる。
a)シリカ対アルミナ比が4.5〜6.5で、アルカリ水準が1.5重量%未満であるホウジャサイト構造の出発ゼオライトを用意する工程、
b)前記出発ゼオライトを、温度600〜850℃の範囲及び水蒸気の分圧0.2〜1気圧の範囲で、単位気泡サイズが24.30Å、好ましくは24.35Å、特に24.38Åから、24.45Å、好ましくは24.43Å、特に24.42Åまでの範囲の中間体ゼオライトを生成するのに有効な時間、水熱処理する工程、
c)前記中間体ゼオライトを、単位気泡サイズが24.10〜24.40Åの範囲で、シリカ対アルミナのモル比が12を超え、表面積が850m2/gを超える大表面積のゼオライトを生成するのに有効な条件下で、酸及び任意にアンモニウム塩を含む酸性化溶液と接触させ、これにより大表面積ゼオライトを生成する工程、及び
d)前記大表面積ゼオライトを回収する工程、
を含む。
脱アルミ化処理の結果、単位気泡サイズは小さくなり、シリカ対アルミナモル比は、中間体ゼオライトより増大する。
焼成は、空気中、300〜800℃の範囲の温度で30分〜4時間行なうのが都合よい。
好適には水素化成分は、ニッケル、コバルト、モリブデン、タングステン、白金及びパラジウムから選ばれる。
このような方法の例は、一段階水素化分解、二段階水素化分解及び連続流水素化分解を含む。これら方法の定義は、van Bekkum,Flanigen,Jansen 編“Introduction to zeolite science and practice”、第15章602〜603頁(表題:“Hydrocarbon processing with zeolites”);Elsevierにより出版(1991年)に見られる。
本発明方法は、好ましくは3×106〜3×107Pa、更に好ましくは4×106〜2.5×107Pa、なお更に好ましくは8×106〜2×107Paの範囲の全圧(反応器入口で)で行われる。水素化処理を低圧、例えば4×106〜1.2×107Paで行う場合は、“マイルドな水素化分解”と称してよい。
使用される空間速度は、1時間当り触媒1リットル当り原料0.1〜10kg(kg.l−1.h−1)が都合よい。空間速度は、好ましくは0.1〜8kg.l−1.h−1、特に0.2〜5kg.l−1.h−1の範囲である。
本発明を以下の実施例により説明する。
実施例では以下のテスト法を使用した。
単位気泡サイズ:ASTM D−3942−80法を用いて、X線回折により測定。
シリカ対アルミナモル比(SAR):化学分析により測定。数値は、“嵩”SAR(即ち、SAR全体と言うものである)であり、明確には結晶構造のASRではない。
微孔容積:Lippens,Linsen及びde Boer,Journal of Catalysis,3−32(1964)に記載されるように、吸着質として窒素を用い、t−法としても知られるt−プロット法で評価。
結晶度: 単位気泡サイズの小さい同等の市販ゼオライトYを各場合の基準とし、ASTM D3906−97を用い、X線回折により測定。
ゼオライトの品質は、一般にBET表面積を用いて文献に記載されている。ここで得られた表面積データは、ASTM D4365−95に記載の一般的方法により求めた。ASTM法での特定の勧告は、ゼオライト含有量の多い材料では、線状BET範囲は、0.01〜0.09のp/p0値で優先的に見られると言うことである。更にこの方法は、負の切片(intercept)が観察されれば、なお低いp/p0値の強調を使用すべきであると述べている。またJohnson(Journal of Catalysis 52,425−431(1978),“Estimation of the Zeolite content of a Catalyst from Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms”)は、ゼオライトY及びゼオライトY触媒では、p/p0値が0.05を超えると、殆ど窒素の吸着は起こらないことを示している。実施例のゼオライトでは、BET表面積を計算するのに最も好適な吸着として、窒素分圧0.03p/p0での吸着が選ばれた。
本発明で使用されるゼオライトは、以下の一般的方法で製造した。
使用した出発材料は、アルカリ含有量の少ない(アルカリ酸化物<1.5重量%)アンモニウム形Yゼオライトである。これらのゼオライトは、当該技術分野で公知の2つの方法の1つにより製造した。同様な結果が得られる他の方法を排除することを意味しないが、実施例は、Na形ゼオライトYのK+イオン交換及び引き続きアンモニウムイオン交換を含むCooper法(米国特許明細書No.5,435,987に記載の方法)、又は自己発生の過圧下でアンモニウム交換を含むAlafandi法(米国特許明細書No.4,085,069に記載の方法)により製造した。この一般的製造法と共に、出発ゼオライトの化学分析を第1表に示す。
第1、2表は、ゼオライト6の製造及び特性についても詳細に示す。このゼオライトは、酸−脱アルミ化処理として、一段階酸処理のみ行った他は、ゼオライト1〜5と同様にして製造した。使用した酸は、塩酸である。
以上のように製造したゼオライトを下記触媒に配合した。比較活性テスト用の比較触媒A〜Fに使用したYゼオライトは、フィラデルフィアのPQ Corporationから市販されている。
ゼオライトと耐火性無機酸化物とを所要の割合で混合することにより、触媒を製造した。4.4〜5.7の範囲のpH及び50〜60重量%の強熱減量を得るため、水及び硝酸(65重量%溶液)3重量%を加え、この混合物を混合−磨砕機で、押出可能な混合物が得られるまで磨砕した。次いで、混合物を押出助剤(Superfloc)と一緒に押し出し、断面が三葉体形の押出物を得た。この押出物を120℃で2時間、固定(statically)乾燥した後、535℃で2時間焼成した。こうして得られた触媒粒子は、規則的な長さを有し、また三葉体形で形成された呼び三角形の頂点から底辺まで測定した直径は2.5mmであった。
触媒の水素化分解性能を多くの二段階連続流シミュレーションテストで評価した。テストは、ワンススルー(one−through)微細流装置で行った。この装置は、C−424触媒(Criterion Catalyst & Technology Companyの市販品)1mlを0.1mmSiC粒子1mlで希釈してなる頂部触媒床、及びテスト触媒10mlを0.1mmSiC粒子10mlで希釈してなる底部触媒床を載荷したものである。両触媒床は、テスト前に予備硫化した。
炭素含有量 : 86.47重量%
水素含有量 : 13.53重量%
窒素(N)含有量 : 9ppmw
添加したn−デシルアミン : 12.3g/kg
(1100ppmw Nと同等)
全窒素(N)含有量 : 1109ppmw
密度(15/4℃) : 0.8736g/ml
密度(70/4℃) : 0.8394g/ml
分子量 : 433g
初期沸点 : 351℃
50重量%沸点 : 451℃
最終沸点 : 605℃
370℃未満のフラクション : 3.71重量%
540℃を超えるフラクション : 10.0重量%
最初のテストでは、多くの比較触媒の活性は、本発明触媒に対し評価した。これらの結果を第3表に示す。
第3表から判るように、単位気泡サイズの“大きい”(24.40Åを超える)超安定ゼオライトY材料を用いて水素化触媒に配合すると、単位気泡サイズ、表面積、SAR及び微孔容積の変化を伴って、活性の向上(所要温度Tで示す)は得られない。比較触媒A、Bとも、65重量%正味転化率では同じ温度要件(所要温度T)を示している。
本例では、本発明触媒による中間蒸留物炭化水素への水素分解選択性を評価した。
ここでは中間蒸留物は、ケロシン+炭化水素の沸点範囲のガス油と理解すべきである。
生成物選択率は、非常に近似していることが判る。
水及び酸の添加前に乾燥ゼオライト−アルミナ混合物に少量のゼオライトβを添加した他は触媒製造法に従って、触媒を製造した。触媒9には、ゼオライトβを4重量%添加した。使用したゼオライトβのシリカ対アルミナモル比は、約200で、Zeolyst Internationalから製品コードNo.CP811B−200として入手した。
Claims (11)
- 単位気泡サイズが24.10〜24.40Åの範囲で、シリカ対アルミナの嵩比(SAR)が12を超え、BET法及びASTM D4365−95で測定した表面積が少なくとも850m2/gであり、かつ0.03のp/po値で窒素吸収を有するホウジャサイト構造のゼオライトを含有する担体上に、任意の金属水素化成分を担持してなる水素化分解用触媒組成物。
- 前記ゼオライトの単位気泡サイズが、24.14〜24.38Åの範囲である請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ゼオライトのSARが、20〜100の範囲である請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記ゼオライトの表面積が、少なくとも890m2/gである請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記ゼオライトの微孔容積が、少なくとも0.28ml/gである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 更に第二のゼオライトを含有する請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 更にゼオライトβを、全担体を基準として、1〜5重量%含有する請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 更にバインダーを含有する請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1に記載のゼオライト上に任意の金属水素化分解成分を担持してなる水素化分解用触媒組成物であって、該ゼオライトは、
a)シリカ対アルミナ比が4.5〜6.5で、アルカリ水準が1.5重量%未満であるホウジャサイト構造の出発ゼオライトを用意する工程、
b)前記出発ゼオライトを、温度600〜850℃の範囲及び外部から供給した水蒸気の分圧0.2〜1気圧の範囲で、単位気泡サイズが24.30〜24.45Åの中間体ゼオライトを生成するのに有効な時間、水熱処理する工程、
c)前記中間体ゼオライトを、単位気泡サイズが24.10〜24.40Åの範囲で、シリカ対アルミナのモル比が12を超え、表面積が850m2/gを超える大表面積のゼオライトを生成するのに有効な条件下で、酸及び任意にアンモニウム塩を含む酸性化溶液と接触させ、これにより大表面積ゼオライトを生成する工程、及び
d)前記大表面積ゼオライトを回収する工程、
を含み、任意に、引き続き、
e)前記ゼオライトを、バインダー及び/又は第二分解性成分と混合し、押し出し、次いで焼成する工程、及び
f)少なくとも1つの水素化成分を、工程(d)の前記ゼオライトに取り込むか、又は工程(e)又はこれに続く工程のいずれかの段階で前記触媒に取り込む工程、
の一方又は両方を含む方法により得られる該触媒組成物。 - 炭化水素質供給原料を、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の水素化分解用触媒組成物の存在下、高温高圧で水素と接触させる工程を含む、炭化水素質供給原料を該原料より低沸点の材料に転化する方法。
- 250〜500℃の範囲の温度及び3×106〜3×107Paの範囲の全圧で行われる請求項10に記載の方法。
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- 2003-11-25 WO PCT/EP2003/050897 patent/WO2004047988A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-11-25 EP EP03796058.0A patent/EP1565263B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-25 CN CN200380104383.7A patent/CN1717277B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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US7192900B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 |
AU2003298324A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
ZA200503826B (en) | 2006-11-29 |
UA86193C2 (uk) | 2009-04-10 |
KR20050072149A (ko) | 2005-07-08 |
RU2338590C2 (ru) | 2008-11-20 |
CN1717277A (zh) | 2006-01-04 |
WO2004047988A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
KR101062641B1 (ko) | 2011-09-06 |
US20040152587A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
EP1565263A1 (en) | 2005-08-24 |
CN1717277B (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
BR0316682A (pt) | 2005-10-18 |
CA2507351A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
EP1565263B1 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
JP2006507923A (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
RU2005120000A (ru) | 2006-01-20 |
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