JP4785353B2 - フッ素含有水の晶析処理方法 - Google Patents
フッ素含有水の晶析処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4785353B2 JP4785353B2 JP2004184120A JP2004184120A JP4785353B2 JP 4785353 B2 JP4785353 B2 JP 4785353B2 JP 2004184120 A JP2004184120 A JP 2004184120A JP 2004184120 A JP2004184120 A JP 2004184120A JP 4785353 B2 JP4785353 B2 JP 4785353B2
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title claims description 103
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 103
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 174
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 21
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Description
例えば、フッ素の晶析処理において、晶析反応元素としてカルシウム(Ca)を使用し、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)の結晶を生成するフッ化カルシウム晶析法では、フッ化カルシウムの結晶成長が起こる準安定域と呼ばれる過飽和状態に反応条件を制御する必要がある。一般には、晶析剤であるカルシウム剤の添加量を調節することにより反応条件の制御が行われるが、排水中のフッ素濃度が急激に上昇すると、フッ素とカルシウムの関係は飽和状態である不安定域に入る。不安定域ではフッ化カルシウムの結晶生成反応速度が速いために、固体粒子上への結晶成長が起こらずに、微細粒子が生成して処理水が白濁する。また、フッ素とカルシウムの関係を過飽和状態に制御するには、排水中のフッ素濃度が高いほど、カルシウム添加量の許容範囲が狭くなるので制御が難しくなり、処理水の白濁が起こりやすくなる。さらに、白濁防止のためにカルシウム添加量を減らすと処理水中の残留フッ素濃度が高くなり、水質が悪化する。以上のことから、安定的な処理を行うためには、排水中のフッ素濃度や晶析反応槽に導入可能なフッ素負荷量に制約があった。
本発明は第2の態様として、前記分散剤がスケール防止剤またはキレート剤である、前記第1の態様のフッ素の晶析処理方法を提供する。
ここで、本発明の1態様においては、「分散剤」は、微細な粒子を凝集させる作用を有する凝集剤、特に有機系高分子凝集剤に該当する化合物を包含しない。なお、かかる凝集剤、有機系高分子凝集剤については、特願2003−114697号に記載されている。
晶析剤供給手段は、晶析剤を晶析反応槽1に供給できるものであれば任意の態様が可能である。図1の態様においては、晶析剤貯留タンク10から晶析剤供給ライン5を介して、晶析剤が晶析反応槽1に供給される。
また、図1の態様において処理水貯留タンク7は、循環される処理水と、系外に排出される処理水との分岐のための手段として機能し、処理水循環手段を形成しているが、処理水循環手段の形成はこの態様に限定されるものではなく、処理水排出ライン6から処理水循環ライン8が直接分岐するような態様など、任意の態様が可能である。
以下、実施例で本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
晶析反応槽として、粒径約0.1mmの天然フッ化カルシウム(蛍石)種晶150mLが充填された、内径20mmφ、高さ2.5m、容量0.8Lの円柱型アクリルカラムを用いた。被処理水貯留タンクは容量100L、処理水貯留タンクは容量500mL、晶析剤貯留タンクは容量10Lであった。晶析反応槽への通水は、フッ素負荷=3kg・F/m2/hで、LV=40m/hとなるように処理水を晶析反応槽に循環させ、被処理水を晶析反応槽に供給して行った。なお、晶析反応槽内部の種晶およびペレットは通水時には流動床の状態であった。処理水中の残留カルシウム濃度が300〜500mgCa/Lとなるように、晶析剤として10%塩化カルシウム水溶液を晶析反応槽に供給した。
分散剤を供給しない比較例1においては、溶解性フッ素濃度は8mg・F/Lと低減されていたが、全フッ素濃度は100mg・F/Lおよび濁度は100であり、この条件においては難溶性フッ素化合物による処理水の白濁が認められた。
アクリル酸系共重合体である分散剤50mg/Lを供給する実施例1においては、溶解性フッ素濃度は8mg・F/L、全フッ素濃度は12mg・F/Lおよび濁度は3未満であった。また、分散剤60mg/Lを供給する実施例2においては、溶解性フッ素濃度は20mg・F/L、全フッ素濃度は20mg・F/Lおよび濁度は3未満であり、いずれの濃度においても、比較例1と比べて良好な処理水濁度の抑制、処理水質の向上が認められた。
ここで、実施例1および2において使用された、アクリル酸系共重合体であるオルガビート AC−030の分散剤としての標準添加量は55mg/Lであることを考慮すると、分散剤の標準添加量を超える60mg/L(実施例2)においては、標準添加量未満である実施例1の場合と比較して、処理水中の溶解性フッ素量の除去効果が劣ることが明らかとなった。
分散剤として、有機カルボン酸系キレート剤であるクエン酸10mg/Lを使用した場合には、溶解性フッ素濃度は20mg・F/L、全フッ素濃度は20mg・F/Lおよび濁度は3未満であり、比較例1と比べて良好な処理水濁度の抑制、処理水質の向上が認められた。このことから、重合体のタイプの分散剤だけでなく、キレート剤である分散剤も本発明の効果を奏しうることが明らかとなった。
2 種晶充填部
3 被処理水供給ライン
4 被処理水貯留タンク
5 晶析剤供給ライン
6 処理水排出ライン
7 処理水貯留タンク
8 処理水循環ライン
9、9a、9b、9c、9d、9e、9f 供給ライン
10 晶析剤貯留タンク
Claims (2)
- 種晶を備えた晶析反応槽にフッ素を含む被処理水、晶析反応元素、および分散剤を供給し、前記分散剤によってスケールの発生を防止し又は金属イオンの働きを封鎖することで物質の凝集力を低下させながら前記フッ素と前記晶析反応元素を反応させ、前記種晶上にフッ素化合物を析出させてペレットを形成させることにより、フッ素が低減された処理水を生じさせるフッ素の晶析処理方法。
- 前記分散剤が、スケール防止剤またはキレート剤である、請求項1記載のフッ素の晶析処理方法。
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