JP4777957B2 - 電子メモリ改竄防止システム - Google Patents
電子メモリ改竄防止システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4777957B2 JP4777957B2 JP2007263735A JP2007263735A JP4777957B2 JP 4777957 B2 JP4777957 B2 JP 4777957B2 JP 2007263735 A JP2007263735 A JP 2007263735A JP 2007263735 A JP2007263735 A JP 2007263735A JP 4777957 B2 JP4777957 B2 JP 4777957B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/50—Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems
- G06F21/55—Detecting local intrusion or implementing counter-measures
- G06F21/56—Computer malware detection or handling, e.g. anti-virus arrangements
- G06F21/562—Static detection
- G06F21/565—Static detection by checking file integrity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
- H04L63/123—Applying verification of the received information received data contents, e.g. message integrity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
- H04L9/3239—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3271—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/10—Integrity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/12—Detection or prevention of fraud
- H04W12/126—Anti-theft arrangements, e.g. protection against subscriber identity module [SIM] cloning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/80—Wireless
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/0823—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using certificates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/60—Context-dependent security
- H04W12/69—Identity-dependent
- H04W12/71—Hardware identity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
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Description
任意長入力を取りかつ固定長の出力を生じることができる多くの関数があるが、しかし片方向ハッシュ関数は次の追加特徴を有する。すなわち、Mが与えられると、hを計算するのが容易である。hが与えられても、Mを計算するのが困難である。及び、Mが与えられると、H(M)=H(M’)のような他のメッセージM’を見付けるのが困難である。
次いで、暗号化鍵eは、eと(p-1)(q-1) とが相対的に素数であるようにランダムに選択される。最後にユークリッドのアルゴリズムを使用して、復号鍵dが次のように計算される。
ed=1(modF) 式4
数e及びnは公開鍵であり、数dは秘密鍵である。式5がRSA暗号化プロセスを与え、及び式6が復号化プロセスを与える。
M=Cd(modn) 式6
因数nを求める能力のある敵は、式3を使用して係数Fを決定し、次いで、公開鍵eが与えられるならば、式4から秘密鍵dを決定することができるかもしれない。それにもかかわらず、上に注意したように、nは、普通、非常に大きいからこのような因数分解を実行不可能にする。RSAアルゴリズムについての更に詳細は、リヴェスト他の米国特許第4,405,829号に見ることができる。
FS)アルゴリズム又はその傍系が利用される(米国特許第4,748,668号が参考になり、この特許の内容は言及することによってその内容が本明細書に全面的に組み込まれている) 。FSアルゴリズムは認証及びディジタル・シグネチャ方式を実現するために適しており、この方式は典型的セルラ電話の限定された計算能力に充分適している。
論理式1 S=↑Supvr・B
論理式2 Halt=notS・(A+C)
ここに、 S = 安全モード、
↑Supvr= マイクロプロセッサの監視モードへの遷移、
A = PSRAMメモリに対するチップ選択信号、
B = IROMメモリに対するチップ選択信号、
C = ハードウェア・タイマに対するチップ選択信号、
Halt= マイクロプロセッサへのハードウェア制御入力で
あって、マイクロプロセッサを無際限ループに入
れる、又は電源が除かれかつ電話に再印加される
まで待機させる。
Claims (24)
- 電子装置であって、
フラシュ・メモリ(420)とEEPROM(410)とを含むメモリ(410、420)と、
認証されたメモリ内容に基づいてハッシュ計算を遂行して有効ハッシュ値を発生し、
前記メモリ(410、420)の内容についてハッシュ計算を周期的に遂行して検査ハッシュ値を発生し、
前記有効ハッシュ値を認証し、
前記メモリに対する権限のないアクセスを検出するために前記検査ハッシュ値を認証された前記有効ハッシュ値と比較し、前記検査ハッシュ値が前記認証された有効ハッシュ値と一致しない場合に、前記権限のないメモリアクセスを妨げるために前記電子装置を動作停止するマイクロプロセッサ(402)と
を含み、
前記マイクロプロセッサが、前記フラッシュ・メモリ(420)と前記EEPROM(410)の選択された内容に基づいて前記検査ハッシュ値を導出する手段を含み、
前記選択された内容が、前記フラッシュ・メモリ(420)に格納されたプログラムと、前記EEPROM(410)に格納された前記電子装置を一意に識別するための識別子とを含む、電子装置。 - 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)が、ハードウェアに基づくタイマの期限切れに従って周期的に前記ハッシュ値を導出する手段を含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置であって、
前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)と連携して前記ハッシュ計算を遂行する保護されたランダム・アクセス・メモリ(407)を更に含む電子装置。 - 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記選択された内容が電子的なシリアル番号を含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記選択された内容がマイクロプロセッサ・プログラム・コードを含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)が、前記メモリ(410、420)内に記憶された公開鍵を使用して前記有効ハッシュ値を認証する手段を含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)が、秘密鍵を使用して所与のディジタル・シグネチャで前記有効ハッシュ値を暗号化する手段を含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)が、Snerfuと、H−Hashと、MD2と、MD4と、MD5と、Secure Hash Algorithm(SHA)と、HAVALとを含むハッシュ関数の群のうちの1つを使用して前記ハッシュ計算を遂行する手段を含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)が、ELGAMALと、RSAと、DSAと、フィージ・フィアット・シャミアと、フィアット・シャミアとを含む公開鍵/秘密鍵システム・アルゴリズムの群うちの1つを使用して認証しかつ暗号化する手段を含む電子装置。
- 請求項3記載の電子装置であって、前記保護されたランダム・アクセス・メモリへのアクセスを監視する手段を更に含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置であって、前記電子装置がセルラ電話である、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記フラッシュ・メモリの内容が前記電子装置に対する動作命令を含み、前記EEPROMの内容が前記有効ハッシュ値を含み、前記マイクロプロセッサが有効ハッシュ値を発生するために認証されたフラッシュ内容の選択された部分とEEPROM内容の選択された部分とに片方向ハッシュ計算を遂行する手段と、前記選択された部分に前記ハッシュ計算を遂行することによって周期的に検査ハッシュ値を発生する手段と、前記フラッシュ・メモリと前記EEPROMメモリの少なくとも1つが変更されたかどうか評定するために前記検査ハッシュ値を前記認証された有効ハッシュ値と比較する手段とを含む、電子装置。
- 請求項12記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)が、Snerfuと、H−Hashと、MD2と、MD4と、MD5と、Secure Hash Algorithm(SHA)と、HAVALを含むハッシュ関数の群のうちの1つを使用して片方向ハッシュ計算を遂行する手段を含む、電子装置。
- 請求項7記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサ(402)が、前記電子装置の外部の処理手段を使用して前記秘密鍵によるディジタル・シグネチャで前記有効ハッシュ値を暗号化する手段を含む、電子装置。
- 請求項1記載の電子装置において、前記マイクロプロセッサは、前記権限のないメモリアクセスの検出に応じて、前記電子装置を動作停止して前記電子装置の前記メモリに格納されている通信関連のデータへの権限のないアクセスを妨げるように更に構成されている、電子装置。
- 電子装置においてメモリ改竄を検出する方法であって、
前記電子装置のマイクロプロセッサが、
フラシュ・メモリ(420)とEEPROM(410)とを含むメモリ(410、420)の選択された内容にハッシュ計算を遂行することによって発生した署名された有効ハッシュ値を、該メモリに記憶させるステップであって、前記選択されたメモリ内容が認証されている、前記記憶させるステップと、
前記メモリ(410、420)の選択された内容に前記ハッシュ計算を周期的に遂行することによって検査ハッシュ値を周期的に発生するステップと、
前記署名された有効ハッシュ値を認証するステップと、
前記メモリへの権限のないアクセスを検出するために前記検査ハッシュ値を認証された前記有効ハッシュ値と比較するステップであって、前記検査ハッシュ値と前記認証された有効ハッシュ値との相違が前記選択されたメモリ内容の変更を示す、ステップと、
前記比較の結果、前記検査ハッシュ値が前記認証された有効ハッシュ値と一致しない場合に、前記権限のないメモリアクセスを妨げるために前記電子装置を動作停止するステップと、
前記フラッシュ・メモリ(420)と前記EEPROM(410)の選択された内容に基づいて前記検査ハッシュ値を導出するステップと
を含み、
前記選択された内容が、前記フラッシュ・メモリ(420)に格納されたプログラムと、前記EEPROM(410)に格納された前記電子装置を一意に識別するための識別子とを含む、方法。 - 請求項16記載の方法において、前記検査ハッシュ値を発生するステップが保護されたランダム・アクセス・メモリ(407)と連携して遂行される、方法。
- 請求項16記載の方法であって、
前記マイクロプロセッサが、秘密鍵に基づくディジタル・シグネチャで前記有効ハッシュ値を暗号化するステップを更に含む方法。 - 請求項16記載の方法において、前記検査ハッシュ値を発生するステップがハードウェア・ベース・タイマの期限切れに従って遂行される、方法。
- 請求項16記載の方法において、前記検査ハッシュ値を前記発生するステップが検査ハッシュ値セグメントを計算することを含む、方法。
- 請求項20記載の方法において、前記電子装置内に起こる他のプロセスが完了される間に検査ハッシュ値セグメントの計算を必要なだけ遅延させることができる、方法。
- 請求項16記載の方法において、前記有効ハッシュ値がディジタル・シグネチャを与えられ、前記署名された有効ハッシュ値を認証するステップが、前記シグネチャに対して前記有効ハッシュ値を認証する、方法。
- 請求項16記載の方法であって、前記電子装置がセルラ電話である方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記電子装置を動作停止して、前記権限のないメモリアクセスを妨げるステップは、前記権限のないメモリアクセスの検出に応じて、前記電子装置を動作停止して前記電子装置の前記メモリに格納されている通信関連のデータへの権限のないアクセスを妨げるステップを含む、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/706,574 | 1996-09-05 | ||
US08/706,574 US6026293A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1996-09-05 | System for preventing electronic memory tampering |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP51277098A Division JP4050322B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008112443A JP2008112443A (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
JP4777957B2 true JP4777957B2 (ja) | 2011-09-21 |
Family
ID=24838185
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51277098A Expired - Lifetime JP4050322B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
JP2007107618A Pending JP2007293847A (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 2007-04-16 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
JP2007263735A Expired - Lifetime JP4777957B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 2007-10-09 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
JP2011007295A Expired - Lifetime JP4955818B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 2011-01-17 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
JP2011125634A Expired - Lifetime JP4917681B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 2011-06-03 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP51277098A Expired - Lifetime JP4050322B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
JP2007107618A Pending JP2007293847A (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 2007-04-16 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
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JP2011007295A Expired - Lifetime JP4955818B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 2011-01-17 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
JP2011125634A Expired - Lifetime JP4917681B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 2011-06-03 | 電子メモリ改竄防止システム |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6026293A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0923842B1 (ja) |
JP (5) | JP4050322B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100492840B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1126398C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU734212B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI9712007B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69736065T2 (ja) |
EE (1) | EE9900084A (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2262189T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1021104A1 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL332050A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998010611A2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3948551A4 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2022-12-21 | Micron Technology, Inc. | DATA CERTIFICATE IN A STORAGE |
Families Citing this family (188)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7747243B2 (en) | 1992-03-24 | 2010-06-29 | Boatwright John T | Call security system |
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ES2262189T3 (es) | 2006-11-16 |
AU4172297A (en) | 1998-03-26 |
PL332050A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
EP0923842A2 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
HK1021104A1 (en) | 2000-05-26 |
AU734212B2 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
KR20000068467A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
JP2011238246A (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
DE69736065D1 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
WO1998010611A2 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
KR100492840B1 (ko) | 2005-06-07 |
EE9900084A (et) | 1999-10-15 |
CN1235743A (zh) | 1999-11-17 |
CN1446015A (zh) | 2003-10-01 |
JP2011170841A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
JP4955818B2 (ja) | 2012-06-20 |
JP4917681B2 (ja) | 2012-04-18 |
JP2001500293A (ja) | 2001-01-09 |
JP2008112443A (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
DE69736065T2 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
JP2007293847A (ja) | 2007-11-08 |
JP4050322B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 |
US6026293A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
BRPI9712007B1 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
CN1126398C (zh) | 2003-10-29 |
WO1998010611A3 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
EP0923842B1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
BR9712007A (pt) | 1999-08-24 |
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