JP4732331B2 - 安定な放射性ヨウ素複合体の精製方法 - Google Patents
安定な放射性ヨウ素複合体の精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4732331B2 JP4732331B2 JP2006503348A JP2006503348A JP4732331B2 JP 4732331 B2 JP4732331 B2 JP 4732331B2 JP 2006503348 A JP2006503348 A JP 2006503348A JP 2006503348 A JP2006503348 A JP 2006503348A JP 4732331 B2 JP4732331 B2 JP 4732331B2
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Description
以下の記載においていくつかの専門用語が広く用いられている。本発明の理解を容易にするために、以下、定義を示す。
これらの例として、スチレンジビニルベンゼンコポリマー格子に結合された第四級アンモニウム基を含有する、市販の強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂を用いた。この樹脂の架橋度は8%であり、排除限界分子量1000Daの孔径に相当し、媒体のメッシュサイズは100〜200(粒径150〜75μm)である。
本発明は、放射活性がイン・ビボで滞留するように標識化抗体として使用される代謝できない放射性ヨウ素化ペプチドに関する。これらの特別に設計されたペプチドは2〜40個のアミノ酸、好ましくは2〜5個のアミノ酸を含み、好ましくはD−アミノ酸を含む。D−アミノ酸は、ペプチドの抗体への結合部位と、チロシンまたはチラミンと結合している放射活性ヨウ素との間のペプチドにおいて用いるのが好ましい。この領域内に、L−アミノ酸である2つの隣接するアミノ酸がないのが最も好ましい。これに関して、グリシンはL−アミノ酸である。このようにD−アミノ酸を用いることにより、放射活性ヨウ素を抗体と連結しているペプチド結合は、リソソーム中でも加水分解されない。さらに、1以上のアミノポリカルボキシレート部分がこのペプチドに付加され、N末端および/または側鎖アミノ基は、抗体への共有結合のための官能基を有する架橋剤に結合される。抗体共有結合基はアミノ残基(MAbの酸化されたFc部分の炭水化物との位置特異的結合のため)、イミデートまたはイソチオシアネート(タンパク質のリシン基と結合可能)、マレイミド、ブロモ−またはヨードアセトアミド残基(MAb上のチオールに特異的)などであり得る。最後のD−チロシン単位のすぐ後の、抗体結合架橋剤を導入するために用いられるアミノ酸は、天然L−アミノ酸であってもよい。アミノポリカルボキシレート単位は、容易に考えつく、他の多くのアミノポリカルボキシレートおよびそれらの誘導体の中でも、イミノ二酢酸、ニトリロ三酢酸、EDTA(エチレンジアミン四酢酸)、DTPA(ジエチレントリアミン四酢酸)、TTHA(トリエチレンテトラミン六酢酸)、DOTA(1,4,7,10−テトラアザシクロドデカンN,N’,N”,N”’−四酢酸)、NOTA(1,4,7−トリアザシクロノナン−N,N’,N”−三酢酸)、または例えば1−[(p−イソチオシアナト)ベンジル]−EDTA(ベンジル−EDTA)、1−[(pイソチオシアナト)ベンジル]−DTPA(ベンジル−DTPA)、1−[(p−イソチオシアナト)ベンジル]−TTHA(ベンジル−TTHA)、1−[(p−イソチオシアナト)ベンジル]−DOTA(ベンジル−DOTA)、1−[(p−イソチオシアナト)ベンジル]−NOTA(ベンジル−NOTA)などの種々の主鎖置換変種であり得る。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、MAb、多価抗体および多重特異性抗体などの抗体は、標的細胞において高レベルで発現され、正常組織に対して罹患細胞において優先的にまたは罹患細胞でのみ発現されるマーカーまたは腫瘍関連抗原、ならびにある種の正常細胞、および骨髄細胞のように侵食される組織や、副甲状腺、脾臓および子宮内膜などの異所組織に関連する抗原を認識する、またはそれらと結合するもの、および速やかにインターナライズする抗体が用いられる。「多価」抗体とは、抗体が、構造が同じであっても異なっていてもよいが、1を超える抗原と同時に結合し得ることを意味する。「多重特異性」抗体とは、対象抗体が構造の異なる少なくとも2つの抗原と同時に結合し得ることを意味する。例えば、2つの異なる特異性を有する抗体は、構造の異なる2つの標的と同時に結合し得ることから、多価抗体であり、多重特異性抗体でもあるとみなされる。他方、同じ標的と結合する2以上の特定のアームを有するが、他の特異性は持たない抗体は多価ではあるが、多重特異性ではない。種々の多重特異性かつ/または多価抗体は分子工学を用いて作製することができる。例えば、二重特異性融合タンパク質は、例えば、ある抗原に対する単一の結合部位を有するscFvと、別の抗原に対する単一の結合部位を有するFabフラグメントからなる一価のものであり得る。二重特異性抗体はまた、例えば、ある抗原に対する2つの結合部位を有するIgGと、別の抗原に対する2つの結合部位を有するscFvからなる二価のものであり得る。
心血管病変部(例えば、血餅、塞栓、アテローム斑)、アミロイド沈着物(例えば、アミロイド症およびアルツハイマー病の場合)、感染性生物(例えば、細菌、真菌、リケッチア、ウイルス、寄生虫)、炎症(例えば、急性特発性血小板減少性紫斑病または慢性特発性血小板減少性紫斑病などの免疫媒介性血小板減少症、皮膚筋炎、シェーグレン症候群、多発性硬化症、シドナム舞踏病、重症筋無力症、全身性紅斑性狼瘡、狼瘡腎炎、リウマチ熱、多腺性症候群、水疱性類天疱瘡、真性糖尿病、ヘノッホ−シェンライン紫斑病、溶連菌感染後腎炎、結節性紅斑、高安動脈炎、アジソン病、慢性関節リウマチ、サルコイドーシス、潰瘍性大腸炎、多形性紅斑、IgA腎症、結節性多発性動脈炎、強直性脊椎炎、グッドパスチャー症候群、閉塞性血栓血管炎、シェーグレン症候群、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、橋本甲状腺炎、甲状腺中毒症、硬皮症、慢性活動性肝炎、多発性筋炎/皮膚筋炎、多発性軟骨炎、尋常性天疱瘡、ウェゲナー肉芽腫、膜性腎症、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、脊髄ろう、巨細胞性動脈炎/多発性筋痛、悪性貧血、急速進行性糸球体腎炎および繊維性肺胞炎などのような第III種自己免疫疾患)、変位または異所性の正常組織(例えば、副甲状腺、子宮内膜、脾臓、胸腺)、および癌(液性癌(例えば、白血病およびリンパ腫)および固形癌(例えば、癌腫、肉腫、神経膠腫、黒色腫)といった種々の罹患組織、細胞および器官に対する抗体が用いられる。
以下、本発明を、その範囲を限定するものではないが、実施例により説明する。
以下、本手順を、放射性ヨウ素化し、ジスルフィド還元抗CEA MAbであるhMN−14と結合されている、低分子量物質としてのIMP−R4を用いて説明する。IMP−R4はMCC−Lys(MCC)−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH(ここで、MCCは4−(N−マレイミドメチル)−シクロヘキサン−1−カルボニルである)という構造を有する。IMP−R4は2000年10月26日に出願された米国特許出願第09/696,740号の主題の一部である。
実施例1の精製生成物(全放射活性62.9mCi)を、2.5%HSAを含有するリン酸バッファー中、0.9mCi/mL濃度および抗体濃度0.2mg/mLで20時間室温で放置し、サイズ排除HPLCにより分析した。リン酸バッファーの例としては、0.1Mリン酸ナトリウム水溶液をpH6.0〜7.5の間に調節したものである。これにより、この生成物は実質的に変化しないことが示された。20倍モル過剰のCEA抗原と複合化したところ、免疫反応性が保存されていることが明らかになった。
I−131ヨウ化ナトリウムの緩衝をその7倍量の0.3Mリン酸ナトリウムpH6で行い、その後、緩衝させたこのI−131を1.4mLの0.03Mリン酸ナトリウムpH6を用いてヨードゲンバイアル中に移すという変更を行い、実施例1の手順に従った。56.5mCiのI−131ヨウ化ナトリウムから出発し、放射性ヨウ素化、ジスルフィド還元hMN−14との結合、およびAG(登録商標)1×8陰イオン交換樹脂とともに攪拌することによる精製の後、39mCi(69%)の精製I−131−IMP−R4−hMN−14が回収された。別の実験で、同じ手順を用い、109.8mCiのI−131ヨウ化ナトリウムから、69.3mCiの精製生成物(63.1%)が得られた。ここでも、これら2種の実験で、CEAとの複合化を用い、免疫反応性の完全な保存が示された。
この実験では、ヨードゲンの代わりに市販の固定化クロラミン−T(ヨード−ビーズ(登録商標)を用いる。放射性ヨウ素化バイアル中で1以上のビーズを用いる。それ以外の操作は実施例1に記載したものと同じである。このように、陰イオン交換精製および簡単な濾過による生成物の単離の後、精製されたI−131−IMP−R4−hMN−14が得られた。
Claims (24)
- 放射性ヨウ素化アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドとターゲッティング因子との複合体を製造および精製する方法であって、
(A)(i)非結合放射性ヨウ素、(ii)ターゲッティング因子と結合してない放射性ヨウ素化アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチド、および(iii)ターゲッティング因子と結合している放射性ヨウ素化アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドを含んでなる溶液を準備すること;
(B)その溶液と陰イオン交換樹脂とを接触させること;および
(C)その陰イオン交換樹脂と溶液とを供に、陰イオン交換樹脂粒子を捕捉し得るフイルターに通すこと;
を含んでなり、
それにより陰イオン交換樹脂が、非結合放射性ヨウ素および非結合放射性ヨウ素化アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドとは結合するが、ターゲット因子と結合している放射性ヨウ素化アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドとは結合しないことを特徴とするものであって、
アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドが、
X−Gly−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH;
X−D−Ala−D−Tyr−D−Tyr−D−Lys(DTPA);
[X−D−Ala−D−Tyr−D−Tyr−D−Lys(1/2DTPA)] 2 ;
X−Lys(X)−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−D−Tyr−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−NH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH;
X−Lys(X)−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH;
X−Asp−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH;
X−Lys(MCC)−Asp−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH;
X−Asp−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH;および
X−Lys(X)−Asp−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OH
(ここで、Xはターゲッティング因子と共有結合を形成し得る結合部分を含む架橋剤である)
からなる群から選択される、方法。 - (A)の溶液が、放射活性ヨウ化ナトリウムと、酸化剤としてヨードゲンまたは固定化されたクロラミン‐Tのいずれかとを用いて、アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドを放射性ヨウ素化して放射性ヨウ素化ペプチドを形成すること;および
放射性ヨウ素化アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドとターゲッティング因子とを結合させて放射性ヨウ素化アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドの複合体を形成すること;
により製造される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 酸化剤がクロラミン−Tであり、放射性ヨウ素化が、固定化された不溶性ビーズ型のクロラミン−Tの存在下で行われる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- フィルターの孔径が0.1μm〜0.3μmの間である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 陰イオン交換樹脂がポリマー格子上にある第四級アンモニウム官能基からなり、ポリマーの架橋度が2%〜12%であり、樹脂粒子の大きさが20メッシュ〜400メッシュ(粒径850μm〜38μm)の間である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 精製された複合体溶液が、陰イオン交換樹脂に曝す前の溶液中に既に存在していた非結合放射性ヨウ素および非結合放射性ヨウ素化ペプチドの合計を10%に満たない量で含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 樹脂を溶液とともに攪拌することをさらに含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ターゲッティング因子が、マレイミド、クロロアセトアミド、ブロモアセトアミド、ヨードアセトアミド、ビニルスルホン、N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドエステル、N−ヒドロキシスルホスクシンイミドエステル、アミデートエステル、イソシアネート、またはイソチオシアネートを含んでなる結合部分により、アミノポリカルボキシレート付加ペプチドと結合されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- マレイミド結合部分が4−(N−マレイミドメチル)−シクロヘキサン−1−カルボニル部分である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- マレイミド結合部分が2−(N−マレイミド)アセチル部分である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- アミノポリカルボキシレートがEDTA、DTPA、ベンジル−EDTA、ベンジル−DTPA、ベンジル−DOTA、TTHA(トリエチレンテトラミン六酢酸)、NOTA、またはベンジル−NOTAである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ペプチドがMCC−Lys(MCC)−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−D−Tyr−D−Lys((1−(p−CSNH)ベンジル)DTPA)−OHである(ここで、MCCは4−(N−マレイミドメチル)−シクロヘキサン−1−カルボニル部分である)IMP−R4である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ターゲッティング因子がモノクローナル抗体(MAb)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体がインターナライズ型抗体である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が抗CEA MAb、MN−14;抗EGP−1 MAb;抗CD22 MAb;抗CD20 MAb;抗結腸特異的抗原−p MAb;抗CD74 MAb;抗MUC1 MAb;抗AFP MAb;抗前立腺特異的膜抗原;または抗炭酸脱水酵素IX MAbである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体がネズミ、キメラ、ヒト化、またはヒト抗体であり、完全型、そのフラグメントまたは種々の操作型であってよい、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体がチオール基を有するように誘導体化されているか、またはジスルフィド還元されている、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 放射性ヨウ素がI−123、I−124、I−125またはI−131である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が心血管病変部、アミロイド沈着物、感染性生物、炎症、自己免疫疾患、変位または異所性の正常組織、および液性癌または固形癌をターゲッティングし得る、請求項13に記載の方法。
- ターゲッティング因子が多価抗体または多価多重特異性抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記多価抗体または多価多重特異性抗体が感染性生物に関連している、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記多価抗体または多価多重特異性抗体がインターナライズ型抗体である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記多価抗体または多価多重特異性抗体がチオール基を有するように誘導体化されているか、またはジスルフィド還元されている、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体がMN−14、RS7、LL2、1F5、A20、Mu9、LL1、PAM−4、Immu31、J591およびG250からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
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US6663866B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 2003-12-16 | Immunomedics, Inc. | Stable radioiodine conjugates and methods for their synthesis |
US6558669B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 2003-05-06 | Immunomedics, Inc. | Stable radioiodine conjugates and methods for their synthesis |
DE60331827D1 (de) * | 2002-05-29 | 2010-05-06 | Immunomedics Inc | Zusammensetzungen für die radioimmuntherapie von gehirn-tumoren |
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2003
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- 2004-02-04 CN CNA2004800091734A patent/CN1768266A/zh active Pending
- 2004-02-04 DE DE602004005826T patent/DE602004005826T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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IL170030A (en) | 2011-06-30 |
CN1768266A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
MXPA05008352A (es) | 2005-11-04 |
ATE359511T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
EP1592476A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
KR101022145B1 (ko) | 2011-03-17 |
KR20050103219A (ko) | 2005-10-27 |
EP1592476B1 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
US20030220470A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
CA2515088C (en) | 2011-11-22 |
JP2006517230A (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
WO2004071571A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
DE602004005826D1 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
CA2515088A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
US7521531B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
DE602004005826T2 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
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