WO2023033022A1 - 脱グリコシル化抗体の放射性複合体、及び、放射性医薬 - Google Patents
脱グリコシル化抗体の放射性複合体、及び、放射性医薬 Download PDFInfo
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- IBZUISWMZGLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid azide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=[N-].OP(O)(O)=O IBZUISWMZGLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1045—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody against animal or human tumor cells or tumor cell determinants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
- A61K51/1096—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies radioimmunotoxins, i.e. conjugates being structurally as defined in A61K51/1093, and including a radioactive nucleus for use in radiotherapeutic applications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2863—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
- C07K2317/41—Glycosylation, sialylation, or fucosylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conjugate of a deglycosylated antibody and a radionuclide, a radiopharmaceutical containing the same, and a method for producing them.
- Antibodies have long been used to detect target molecules in various research and development activities, and have become extremely important in industrial terms as detection reagents and diagnostic agents. Antibodies are also attracting attention as drugs for treating diseases due to their high specificity for target molecules.
- Antibodies have the property of accumulating in cell endothelial tissue through interaction with Fc ⁇ R expressed by immune cells. Therefore, for the purpose of improving the pharmacokinetics of antibodies, a technique has been reported in which antibodies obtained by cleaving the sugar chains of antibodies (hereinafter simply referred to as deglycosylated antibodies) are radiolabeled (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, US Pat. No. 6,200,000 discloses PET experiments with radiolabeled ( 89 Zr) deglycosylated antibodies.
- CCAP antibody-modified peptides
- affinity peptide has been reported (Patent Document 2), and the present applicant introduced an amino acid capable of binding to a cross-linking agent into the CCAP peptide, and the binding of the amino acid and the cross-linking agent to the cross-linking agent.
- Techniques for modifying antibodies with labeled substances such as complexes containing bound radioisotopes and drugs such as anticancer drugs have been reported (Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- the problem with RI-labeled antibodies is the accumulation in normal tissues and the reduction of tumor accumulation.
- the 89 Zr-labeled deglycosylated antibody of Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1 poses a problem of controlling the number of modifications. Also, no attention has been paid to radiotherapy with deglycosylated antibodies. Additionally, it is not known whether deglycosylated antibodies can be modified with CCAP peptides. Therefore, the problem is to provide an RI-labeled antibody that reduces accumulation in normal tissues and improves tumor accumulation.
- One aspect of the present invention is a conjugate of a deglycosylated antibody and a chelating agent, wherein a radiometal nuclide is chelated to the chelating agent, and the chelating agent is linked to the Fc region of said antibody via a linker (L). is a complex that is site-specifically modified.
- Another aspect of the invention is a conjugate of a deglycosylated antibody and a chelating agent, wherein the chelating agent is chelated with a radiometal nuclide, and wherein the radiometal nuclide is an alpha-emitting nuclide. be.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing the composite.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a radiopharmaceutical containing the complex as an active ingredient.
- connection means both direct and indirect connection, unless otherwise specified.
- an RI-labeled antibody with reduced accumulation in normal tissues and improved tumor accumulation is provided.
- Example 1 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the binding activity to HER2 of radioconjugates prepared and formulated according to the descriptions in Example 1 (PNGase F-treated Trastuzumab) and Comparative Example 1 (Trastuzumab).
- each tissue blood, heart , lung , It is a graph showing the results of confirming the distribution to the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, bladder, thigh muscle, thigh bone, skin, tumor, and rest of the body.
- Example 1 89 Zr-CCAP-Trastuzumab-PNGaseF
- Comparative Example 1 89 Zr-CCAP-Trastuzumab
- Example 1 89 Zr-CCAP-Trastuzumab-PNGaseF
- Comparative Example 1 89 Zr-CCAP-Trastuzumab
- Example 1 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the antigen-binding activity of radioconjugates produced as described in Example 2 (PNGase F-treated Trastuzumab) and Comparative Example 2 (Trastuzumab).
- 3 is a graph showing the number of surviving tumor-bearing mice over time in the group ( 225 Ac-Trastuzumab_10 KBq), the radioconjugate (Comparative Example 2) 5 kBq administration group ( 225 Ac-Trastuzumab_5 KBq), and the vehicle group.
- 4 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the antigen-binding activity of radioconjugates produced as described in Example 3 (PNGase F-treated Cetuximab) and Comparative Example 3 (Cetuximab).
- Example 3 ( 89 Zr-CCAP-Cetuximab-PNGaseF) and Comparative Example 3 ( 89 Zr-CCAP-Cetuximab) produced radioconjugates in vivo in each tissue (blood, heart, lung, spleen, pancreas, It is a graph showing the results of confirming the distribution to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, muscle, bone, skin, tumor, kidney, liver, and rest of the body. 2 is a graph showing the results of confirming the in vivo distribution of radioconjugates produced according to the descriptions of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 to each tissue (blood, liver, spleen, tumor).
- Radioactive Complex 1 The present invention provides a conjugate of a radionuclide-chelated chelating agent and a deglycosylated antibody, wherein the chelating agent site-specifically modifies the Fc region of the antibody via a linker.
- a conjugate hereinafter also referred to as a radioconjugate of the present invention, or simply a conjugate is provided.
- Radiometal nuclide contained in the radioactive complex of the present invention is an ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide, a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide, a positron-emitting radionuclide, or a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide. It is a radionuclide.
- the radioconjugate of the present invention is used for cancer therapy, it is preferable to use an ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide or a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide.
- radioconjugate of the present invention When the radioconjugate of the present invention is used for cancer diagnosis or detection, it is preferable to use a positron-emitting radionuclide or a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide.
- Bi-212, Bi-213, Ac-225, and Th-227 are exemplified as radionuclides that emit alpha rays.
- radionuclides that emit ⁇ rays Co-60, Fe-59, Cu-64, Cu-67, Sr-89, Y-90, Tc-99m, Ru-103, Sm-153, Dy-165 , Ho-166, Lu-177, Re-186, Re-188, Au-198, Hg-203, Bi-212, Bi-213 or Pb-212.
- radionuclides that emit positrons include Cu-64, Ga-68, Y-86, and Zr-89. Further, Tc-99m or In-111 is exemplified as a radionuclide that emits gamma rays. More preferably, the radiometal nuclide contained in the radioconjugate 1 of the present invention is Ac-225, Y-90, Lu-177 or Zr-89. It is particularly preferred that the radiometal nuclide contained in the radioconjugate 1 of the present invention is Ac-225 or Zr-89.
- the antibody contained in the conjugate of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a sugar chain-cleaved antibody, that is, a deglycosylated antibody.
- the antibodies used in the present invention may be polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies, preferably monoclonal antibodies.
- the origin of the antibody is not particularly limited, but examples include non-human animal antibodies, non-human mammal antibodies, and human antibodies, preferably humans, rats, mice, and rabbits.
- Antibodies derived from species other than humans are preferably chimerized or humanized using well-known techniques, but the antibodies used in the present invention may be chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, or human antibodies.
- Antibodies used in the present invention may also be bispecific antibodies. More preferably, the deglycosylated antibody used in the conjugates of the invention is a human IgG antibody.
- a human IgG antibody can be, for example, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4.
- a humanized antibody has an N-linked sugar chain at the Asn residue (EU numbering 297th residue) of the Fc portion of the heavy chain.
- an N-linked sugar chain or an O-linked sugar chain may be bound to an amino acid residue other than Asn297.
- the deglycosylated antibody used in the present invention is one in which these sugar chains are cleaved, preferably in which the N-linked sugar chain is cleaved, and more preferably Asn residue (residue 297).
- the N-linked sugar chain of is cleaved.
- Deglycosylation of antibodies can be performed by methods commonly used in the art, and can be chemically or enzymatically. Chemical deglycosylation is described by Hakimuddin et al. , 1987, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 259:52 and Edge et al. , 1981, Anal. Biochem. 118:131 can be referred to. Enzymatic cleavage is described by Thotakura et al. , 1987, Meth. Enzymol. 138:350, and various glycolytic enzymes can be used. The origin of the enzyme is not particularly limited, but examples include those derived from plants, bacteria or yeast.
- PNGaseF PNGaseA
- PNGaseA Peptide-N 4 -(N-acetyl- ⁇ -glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase
- PNGaseF PNGaseA
- PNGaseA Peptide-N 4 -(N-acetyl- ⁇ -glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase
- endoglycosidases include endo- ⁇ -N-acetylglucosaminidase D (endoglycosidase D, Endo-D, endo-D), endo- ⁇ -N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endoglycosidase H, Endo-H , endo-H), endoglycosidase S (EndoS, Endo-S, endo-S), endo- ⁇ -N-acetylglucosaminidase M (endoglycosidase M, Endo-M, endo-M), endo- ⁇ -N- Acetylglucosaminidase LL (endoglycosidase LL, EndoLL, Endo-LL, endo-LL), endo- ⁇ -N-acetylglucosaminidase F1 (endoglycosidase F1, Endo-F1, endo-F1), endo- ⁇ -N-
- antibodies used in the complex of the present invention include anti-HER2 antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab, pertuzumab), anti-EGFR antibodies (e.g., cetuximab, panitumumab), anti-CD20 antibodies (e.g., rituximab, ibritumomab, ocrelizumab). is mentioned. Both can be prepared by a method known per se or are commercially available.
- the antibody used in the complex of the present invention may be the antibody described in WO2017/141604 or WO2021/075545.
- the chelating agent is not particularly limited as long as it has a site in its structure to which a radiometal nuclide is coordinated.
- Chelating agents such as CB-TE2A (1,4,8,11-Tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid), CDTA (Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid) , CDTPA (4-cyano-4-[[(dodecylthio)thioxomethyl]thio]-pentanoic acid), DOTA (1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), DOTMA (( 1R,4R,7R,10R)- ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ′′, ⁇ ′′′-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), DOTMA (( 1
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are each independently —(CH 2 ) p COOH, —(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, —(CH 2 ) a group consisting of p PO 3 H 2 , —(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or —(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, R 15 is a hydrogen atom, and p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less; be.
- the compound represented by formula (A) preferably includes a structure derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or a derivative thereof.
- DOTA 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- DOTMA ((1R,4R,7R,10R)- ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ”, ⁇ '”-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
- DOTAM (1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1 ,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane
- DOTPA 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrapropionic acid), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyr
- the chelating agent may be linked to the antibody via a linker (L).
- Linkers (L) include substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups, polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups, peptides, sugar chains, disulfide groups and combinations thereof.
- the chelating agent and linker (L) are preferably linked by a covalent bond. Therefore, in the conjugate of the present invention, some groups in the compound of the chelating agent described above may be substituted with a group that forms a covalent bond with the linker (L).
- R 12 or R 15 may be substituted with a group that forms a covalent bond with the linker (L).
- R 15 is a hydrogen atom when R 12 is substituted with a group that forms a covalent bond with the linker (L), and R 12 is —(CH 2 ) p COOH, —(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, —(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , —(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or —(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, when R 15 is a linker (L) and It is substituted with a group that forms a covalent bond.
- the link between the chelating agent and the linker (L) is, for example, an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS) group of formula (A-7) or (A-8) below, or 2, of formula (A-9) below.
- NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
- a chelating agent is site-specifically introduced into the Fc region (constant region) of the antibody. More preferably, complex 1 of the present invention has one or two chelating agents per molecule of antibody.
- the deglycosylated antibody used in the present invention is site-specifically modified with an antibody-modified peptide, preferably in the Fc region, in which case the chelate used in the present invention
- the agent contains a peptide represented by the following formula (i) and consisting of 13 or more and 17 or less amino acid residues (hereinafter also referred to as "antibody-modified peptide") via a linker (L), and a cross-linking agent
- a peptide formed by a cross-linking reaction between an antibody-modified peptide modified with and an antibody can be used.
- the left side of the amino acid sequence on the page indicates the N-terminal side
- the right side of the amino acid sequence on the page indicates the C-terminal side.
- the position at which the chelating agent and the antibody-modified peptide are linked is not particularly limited, for example, the N-terminus or C-terminus of the antibody-modified peptide, preferably the N-terminus. They can be directly or indirectly linked.
- the C-terminus of the antibody-modified peptide may be modified such as amidation in order to improve its stability.
- Xa, Xb, Xc and Xd each represent a consecutive number of X, b consecutive number of X, c consecutive number of X, and d consecutive number of X;
- X is an amino acid residue having neither a thiol group nor a haloacetyl group in its side chain;
- a, b, c and d are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less and satisfy a + b + c + d ⁇ 14
- Xaa1 and Xaa3 are each independently represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in its side chain, or One represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in the side chain, the other represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a haloacetyl group in the side chain
- Amino acid residues that can be included in X in the above formula (i) include, for example, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, proline, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, derived from amino acids such as methionine.
- X may be an amino acid residue consisting of the same type of amino acid, or an amino acid residue consisting of different types of amino acids.
- a, b, c, and d in formula (i) are not particularly limited as long as they are numbers within the ranges described above, but from the viewpoint of binding stability between the peptide and the antibody, a is b is preferably an integer of 1 to 3; c is preferably an integer of 3 to 5; and d is preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- Xaa1 and Xaa3 are amino acid residues derived from amino acids having thiol groups in their side chains, and the amino acids may be the same or different.
- amino acids having a thiol group in their side chains include cysteine and homocysteine.
- Such amino acid residues are preferably linked by a disulfide bond, or a sulfide group is linked via a linker represented by the following formula (4).
- the wavy line portion indicates the bonding portion with the sulfide group.
- Xaa1 and Xaa3 are, in place of the above combinations, one of Xaa1 and Xaa3 an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in the side chain, and the other an amino acid derived from an amino acid having a haloacetyl group in the side chain It may be a residue. They are linked via a thioether bond. A haloacetyl group is terminated with a halogen such as iodine, and reacts with a thiol group on the other side chain to eliminate the halogen and form a thioether bond.
- a halogen such as iodine
- Specific amino acid sequences of antibody-modified peptides represented by formula (i) include, for example, peptides described in WO2016/186206, WO2017/217347 and WO2018/230257. , these can also be used.
- the amino acid sequence of the antibody-modified peptide preferably has any one of the following sequences (1) to (18), and the following sequences (1), (2), (13) or (14) is more preferred.
- (Xaa2) represents a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid
- (Xaa1) and (Xaa3) both indicate homocysteine residues. Homocysteines may form disulfide bonds with each other.
- amino acids other than (Xaa1), (Xaa2) and (Xaa3) are represented by single-letter abbreviations.
- Linker (L) is not particularly limited as long as it can link the chelating agent and the peptide in the radioconjugate of the present invention. Examples include substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups, polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups, peptides, sugar chains, disulfide groups, amide groups, and combinations thereof.
- the linker (L) is a general term for linkers used to connect a peptide-modified deglycosylated antibody and a chelating agent, and antibody-modified linkers (L 1 ) and chelate linkers (L 2 ) are It is a term that includes The antibody-modified linker (L 1 ), which will be described in detail later, is introduced to the N-terminal side of the peptide described in (1-4), and the chelate linker (L 2 ) will also be described in detail later. It is introduced into the functional group of the chelating agent described in (1-3).
- the linker (L) used in the present invention may contain a binding site formed by a click reaction.
- the antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) and the chelate linker (L 2 ) are bound by a click reaction.
- the binding site formed by the click reaction is preferably a triazole skeleton-containing structure represented by the following formula (10a) or (10b) or a pyridazine skeleton-containing structure represented by the following formula (10c). . Since Formula (10a) and Formula (10b) are in an isomer relationship, they may be contained in an arbitrary ratio.
- R1A represents the linking site with the chelating agent
- R2A represents the linking site with the antibody-modified peptide
- one of R 3A and R 4A represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group, the other represents a linking site with a chelating agent
- R 5A is a linking site with an antibody-modified peptide.
- the peptide is linked via an antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) to the antibody-modified peptide linking site, and the chelating agent linking site is A chelating agent is linked via a chelate linker (L 2 ).
- the antibody is site-specifically modified with a peptide, and the peptide and chelating agent are linked via a linker (L). is a compound of the chelating agent.
- the method for producing a conjugate of the present invention comprises a conjugation step of conjugating a chelating agent and an antibody, and a complex forming step of forming a complex between a radionuclide and a chelating agent. It can be manufactured from two steps.
- the conjugation step may be before the complex formation step or after the complex formation step.
- various site-specific chemical modification methods for the antibody can be used.
- a chelating agent or linker having the antibody-modified peptide shown in (1-4) described above may be added to the Fc region of the antibody.
- a method of site-specific modification is mentioned.
- the chelating agent is allowed to chelate (complex) the radiometal nuclide.
- the radiometal nuclide used here is preferably used in an ionizable form, more preferably in an ionic form.
- the order of addition of the radiometal nuclide to the chelating agent does not matter as long as complex formation with the radiometal nuclide is possible.
- a solution in which radioactive metal ions are dissolved in a solvent mainly composed of water can be used as a radionuclide.
- the resulting complex may be purified using filtration filters, membrane filters, columns packed with various packing materials, chromatography, and the like.
- the conjugation step is preferably performed after the complex formation step.
- a complex is formed between a chelating agent having a first atomic group capable of a click reaction with a radionuclide as a substituent for enabling conjugation with an antibody. .
- the antibody-modified peptide represented by the formula (i) described above and an antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) having a click-reactive second atomic group are used to convert the Fc region to a site A click reaction is performed between the specifically modified peptide-modified antibody and the complexed chelating agent obtained in step (A) to obtain the conjugate of the invention. Steps (A) and (B) are described in detail below.
- the combination of the first atomic group and the second atomic group capable of a click reaction an appropriate one is selected according to the type of click reaction.
- a combination of a tetrazine and an alkene and the like can be mentioned.
- the first atomic group has one of the above combinations of atomic groups
- the second atomic group has one of the above combinations of atomic groups different from the first atomic group.
- the chelate linker (L 2 ) is an alkyne and the antibody modification linker (L 1 ) is an azide, or the chelate linker ( It is preferred that L 2 ) is a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and the antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) is an alkene.
- Specific examples of the click reaction by such a combination of atomic groups include Huisgen cycloaddition reaction, inverse electron demand type Diels-Alder reaction, and the like.
- DBCO dibenzylcyclooctyne
- Combinations with atomic groups (formula (2b)) containing trans-cyclooctene (TCO) can be mentioned as diatomic alkenes.
- a combination of formula (1a) and formula (2a) is preferred.
- R1 represents the linking site with the chelating agent
- R2 represents the linking site with the antibody-modified peptide in the antibody.
- R 3 and R 4 represents a linking site with either a chelating agent or an antibody-modified peptide in an antibody, and the other represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group, or a pyridyl group.
- R 5 represents the linking site with either the chelating agent or the antibody-modified peptide in the antibody, depending on R 3 or R 4.
- DBCO-C6-Acid Dibenzylcyclooctyne-Amine, Dibenzylcyclooctyne Maleimide
- DBCO-PEG acid DBCO-PEG-NHS ester
- DBCO-PEG-Alcohol DBCO-PEG-amine
- DBCO-PEG-NH- Boc Carboxyrhodamine-PEG-DBCO
- Sulforhodamine-PEG-DBCO TAMRA-PEG-DBCO
- DBCO-PEG-Biotin DBCO-PEG-DBCO
- DBCO-PEG-Maleimide TCO-PEG-DBCO
- TCO-PEG-DBCO DBCO-mPEG, etc.
- Dibenzylcyclooc Dibenzylcyclooctyne-Amine
- step (A) more preferably, a chelating agent having a structure represented by formula (ii) below is used.
- AB-C (ii) In formula (ii), A is a chelate moiety represented by formula (iia) below.
- Ra, Rb and Rc are independently —(CH 2 ) p COOH, —(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, —(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , —( CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or a group consisting of —(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, and either Rd or Re is a bonding site with B ( *) and the other is a hydrogen atom, or -(CH 2 ) p COOH, -(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, -(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , -(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or a group consisting of —(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, where p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less.
- B is represented by the following formula (iib).
- La and Lb are independently linkers having 1 to 50 carbon atoms including at least an amide bond or a thiourea bond, t is an integer of 0 to 30, and s is 0 or 1, * is the binding site with A, and ** is the binding site with C.
- C is either an alkyne derivative represented by formula (iic) or a tetrazine derivative represented by formula (iid) below.
- X is CHRk-** or N-**
- Rk is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and when X is CHRk-** and Y is CHRk, the Rk moieties may together form a cycloalkyl group
- Rf, Rg, Rh and Ri are independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in which Rf and Rg together or Rh and Ri may together form a hydrocarbon ring
- ** represents the bonding site with B
- Rj represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group.
- Ra to Rd are -(CH 2 ) p COOH, p is 1, and Re is a binding site to B (*) or a DO3A derivative or DOTAGA in which Ra to Rc are —(CH 2 ) p COOH, p is 1, Rd is a binding site (*) with B, and Re is a hydrogen atom Any of the derivatives are more preferred.
- B is a binding linker in which La is 1 to 50 carbon atoms including an amide bond or a thiourea bond, s is 0 or 1, and s is 1 when t is an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less
- Lb is a binding linker having 1 or more and 50 or less carbon atoms containing an amide bond
- C is an alkyne derivative represented by formula (iic)
- X is N-**
- Y is CHRk
- Rk is a hydrogen atom
- Rf and Rg together form a benzene ring
- Rh and Ri together A DO3A-PEGt-DBCO derivative, which forms a benzene ring together and ** is a binding site with B, is even more preferred.
- B is a binding linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms in which La is an amide bond or a thiourea bond, s is 0 or 1, and s is 1 , t is an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, Lb is a binding linker having 1 or more and 50 or less carbon atoms containing an amide bond or a thiourea bond, and C is represented by formula (iic) an alkyne derivative, wherein X is N-**, Y is CHRk, Rk is a hydrogen atom, Rf and Rg together form a benzene ring, and Rh and Ri together form a benzene ring, and ** is the binding site to B, DOTAGA-PEGt-DBCO derivatives are even more preferred.
- the molar ratio of the chelating agent and the radionuclide is preferably 10/1 or more, more preferably 100/1 or more, further preferably 500/1 or more, and the upper limit is 15000/1, as chelate part/radionuclide.
- the following is preferable, 10000/1 or less is more preferable, and 7000/1 or less is more preferable. .
- the complex formation reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- solvents include water, physiological saline, sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, trishydroxymethylaminomethane buffer (Tris buffer), 4-( 2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer (HEPES buffer) or buffers such as tetramethylammonium acetate buffer can be used.
- the liquid volume of the solvent is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of practicality in the production process, the lower limit is 0.01 mL or more, preferably 0.1 mL or more, and more preferably 1.0 mL or more at the start of step (A). , More preferably 10 mL or more, still more preferably 100 mL or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 mL or less, more preferably 100 mL or less, still more preferably 10 mL or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mL or less. .01 mL or more and 100 mL or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of the chelating agent in the reaction solution for the complex formation reaction is preferably 0.001 ⁇ mol/L at the start of step (A) independently from the viewpoint of the yield of the desired chelating agent.
- the upper limit is preferably 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ mol/L or less, More preferably, it is 10 ⁇ mol/L or less, for example, a range of 1 ⁇ mol/L or more and 100 ⁇ mol/L or less.
- the temperature of the complex formation reaction may be, for example, room temperature (25° C.) or may be under heating conditions. , preferably 20°C or higher, more preferably 30°C or higher, still more preferably 35°C or higher, still more preferably 37°C or higher, particularly preferably 45°C or higher, and the upper limit is preferably 150°C or lower, more preferably
- the temperature is 120° C. or lower, more preferably 100° C. or lower, and even more preferably 90° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the reaction time is preferably 5 minutes or longer, more preferably 10 minutes or longer, still more preferably 20 minutes or longer, still more preferably 30 minutes or longer, and particularly preferably 45 minutes or longer, provided that the reaction temperature is as described above.
- minutes or more, and the upper limit is preferably 180 minutes or less, more preferably 150 minutes or less, still more preferably 120 minutes or less, even more preferably 90 minutes or less, particularly preferably 60 minutes or less, for example, 10 minutes or more.
- a range of 150 minutes or less is preferable, and a range of 10 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less is more preferable.
- the antibody used in step (B) uses an antibody-modified linker (L 2 ) having an antibody-modified peptide represented by formula (i) described above and a second atomic group capable of a click reaction, and uses the above "( It is a peptide-modified antibody in which the Fc region (constant region) of the humanized antibody described in detail in the section 1-2) Antibodies is site-specifically modified.
- Antibody-modified peptides are produced by peptide synthesis methods such as liquid-phase synthesis, solid-phase synthesis, automated peptide synthesis, genetic recombination, and phage display, using a combination of amino acids, whether natural or non-natural. It can be manufactured by providing In synthesizing the peptide, functional groups of amino acids used may be protected as necessary. These can be performed, for example, according to the methods described in WO2017/217347 and WO2018/230257.
- the antibody-modified linker (L 2 ) may be a combination of an antibody-modified peptide and a linker represented by formula (S1) below. *-((L 1 ) m -Z) k -L 2 -AG 2 (S1) (Wherein, * indicates the binding site with the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide, L 1 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker moiety, m is an integer of 1 or more and 50 or less, Z is a second linker moiety that connects (L 1 ) m and L 2 , k is 0 or 1, L2 is the second PEG linker moiety, AG2 is the second atomic group. )
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the structure of Z is not particularly limited as long as it is a linker structure that connects (L 1 ) m and L 2 to each other. be able to.
- the amino acid sequence contained in Z preferably contains a cysteine residue, and is bound to L2 via a thioether group formed by binding the thiol group of the cysteine residue and the maleimide group. more preferred.
- the PEG linker moiety that constitutes L2 preferably has a structure represented by formula (P2) below.
- n is an integer, preferably 1 or more and 50 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 20 or less, still more preferably 2 or more and 10 or less, still more preferably 2 or more and 6 or less.
- One end of the structure of the PEG linker portion may be modified with a structure derived from a commercially available PEGylation reagent or a structure derived from a reagent commonly used for PEGylation, and is not particularly limited, for example, diglycol Structures derived from acids or derivatives thereof, maleimides or derivatives thereof are exemplified.
- the method for introducing the second atomic group into the antibody-modified linker (L 2 ) is as follows: After obtaining an antibody-modified peptide having a desired amino acid sequence by the above-described method, the peptide is treated with a solubilizing agent and a reducing agent, and if necessary Introduced by adding an organic solvent solution of an atomic group containing an azide group or trans-cyclooctene (TCO) as a second atomic group to the solution and stirring at room temperature. method.
- an atomic group containing an azide group As the second atomic group, a commercially available azide group introduction reagent is used to directly introduce an azide group to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide according to a conventional method, or An atomic group containing an azide group can be introduced via a linked linker structure.
- the azide group-introducing reagent used include silyl azide, phosphate azide, alkylammonium azide, inorganic azide, sulfonyl azide, PEG azide, and the like.
- TCO when introducing an atomic group containing TCO as the second atomic group, TCO may be introduced directly to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide according to a conventional method using a commercially available click chemistry reagent containing TCO. , or an atomic group containing TCO can be introduced via the linker structure described above.
- a method of obtaining a peptide-modified antibody by binding an antibody-modified peptide and a deglycosylated antibody is according to the description of WO 2017/217347 pamphlet, for example, the antibody-modified peptide described above, a deglycosylated antibody,
- the cross-linking agent and optionally the catalyst can be dispersed in a suitable buffer.
- the above-mentioned thing can be used for a crosslinking agent.
- the solution containing the deglycosylated antibody is treated with an ultrafiltration filter or the like and dispersed in the buffer solution. Alternatively, it may be performed two or more times and then bound to the antibody-modified peptide.
- the antibody-modified peptides of the present invention bind to the Fc domain of antibodies, such as IgG.
- the antibody-modified peptide of the present invention can also be called an IgG-binding peptide.
- the IgG-binding peptide of the present disclosure is close to a specific region of IgG Fc in Xaa1, that is, the Lys248 or Lys246 residue according to Eu numbering in human IgG Fc, preferably the lysine residue of the Fc region corresponding to the Lys248 residue. do.
- Xaa1 of the IgG-binding peptide of the present disclosure with a cross-linking agent and cross-linking with IgG, Xaa1 of the IgG-binding peptide can be linked to the lysine residue of the IgG Fc of the present disclosure corresponding to the above-mentioned lysine residue.
- a crosslinked structure can be site-specifically formed between them.
- a "cross-linking agent” is a chemical substance for covalently linking the IgG-binding peptide of the present disclosure and IgG Fc.
- the cross-linking agent of the present disclosure can be appropriately selected by a person skilled in the art, and a desired amino acid residue (e.g., lysine residue, cysteine residue, aspartic acid residue, glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberine It can be a compound having at least two sites capable of binding with acids, diaminopropionic acid, arginine residues, etc.).
- Examples include, but are not limited to, cross-linking agents preferably containing two or more succinimidyl groups such as DSG (disuccinimidyl glutarate), DSS (disuccinimidyl suberate), DMA (dimethyl adipimidate 2HCl, dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride), DMP (dimethyl pimelimidate 2HCl, dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride), and DMS (dimethyl suberimidate 2HCl, dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride).
- DSG disuccinimidyl glutarate
- DSS disuccinimidyl suberate
- DMA dimethyl adipimidate 2HCl, dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride
- DMP dimethyl pimelimidate 2HCl, dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride
- DMS dimethyl suberimidate 2HCl, dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride
- Cross-linking agents preferably containing two or more, and DTBP (dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate 2HCl, 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidic acid dimethyl dihydrochloride) and DSP (dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate), dithiobissuccinimide cross-linking agents having an SS bond such as dilpropionic acid).
- DTBP dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate 2HCl, 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidic acid dimethyl dihydrochloride
- DSP dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate), dithiobissuccinimide cross-linking agents having an SS bond such as dilpropionic acid).
- a cross-linking agent containing a succinimidyl group such as DSS or DSG reacts with the side chain of a lysine residue and a primary amine present at the N-terminus of the polypeptide.
- DSS a succinimidyl group
- DSG a primary amine present at the N-terminus of the polypeptide.
- the cross-linking reaction between the IgG-binding peptide and the antibody of the present disclosure can occur site-specifically, particularly between the Xaa1 amino acid residue of the IgG-binding peptide and EU numbering Lys248 or Lys246, preferably Lys248, of human IgG Fc. .
- the conditions for the mixing step are not particularly limited as long as the conditions are such that a cross-linking reaction occurs between the IgG-binding peptide of the present disclosure and the antibody of the present disclosure.
- the reaction can be carried out by mixing an IgG-binding peptide of this disclosure and an antibody of this disclosure in an appropriate buffer at room temperature (eg, about 15°C to 30°C).
- the mixing step may be performed by adding an appropriate amount of a catalyst that promotes the cross-linking reaction, if necessary.
- a solvent containing at least water is added to dissolve the antibody of the present disclosure.
- the solvent may be, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, physiological saline, sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, Tris buffer, HEPES buffer. , or a buffer such as tetramethylammonium acetate buffer.
- the pH at 25°C is preferably 4.0 or more and 10.0 or less, more preferably 5.5 or more and 8.5 or less, from the viewpoint of antibody stability.
- the antibody concentration is preferably 1.0 ⁇ mol/L or more as a lower limit, 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less as an upper limit, and 500 ⁇ mol/L or less as an upper limit.
- an IgG-binding peptide modified with a cross-linking agent and, if necessary, a catalyst are added, and dispersed at 10° C. or higher and 30° C. or lower.
- the mixing ratio of the IgG-binding peptide of the present disclosure and the antibody of the present disclosure in the mixing step is not particularly limited.
- the molar ratio of IgG binding peptides of this disclosure to antibodies of this disclosure can be, for example, 1:1 to 20:1, preferably 2:1 to 20:1 or 5:1 to 10:1.
- the antibody of the present disclosure and the IgG-binding peptide can be mixed at 0.5 to 2.2, preferably 0.8 to 1.8. .
- a monovalent modified antibody ie, a complex containing one IgG-binding peptide to the antibody
- the mixing time (reaction time) in the mixing step is not limited as long as a cross-linking reaction occurs between the IgG-binding peptide of the present disclosure and the antibody of the present disclosure, for example, 1 minute to 5 hours, preferably 10 minutes. can be ⁇ 2 hours.
- the peptide-modified antibody obtained through the above steps is an antibody in which one molecule of the antibody-modified peptide is bound to one molecule of the deglycosylated antibody (hereinafter referred to as "monovalent antibody”), and one molecule of the deglycosylated antibody. and an antibody to which two molecules of the antibody-modified peptide are bound (hereinafter referred to as "bivalent antibody”) in an arbitrary ratio.
- monovalent antibody an antibody to which two molecules of the antibody-modified peptide are bound
- bivalent antibody an antibody to which two molecules of the antibody-modified peptide are bound
- any of the above-described purification methods may be used for separation and purification.
- a column filled with a packing material in which a protein such as protein A, protein G, or the antibody-modified peptide described above is bound to a carrier can be used.
- the shape of the carrier of the filler packed in such a column includes gels (e.g., column gels), particles, beads, nanoparticles, microparticles, macrobeads, and the like.
- Materials include latex, agarose, glass, cellulose, sepharose, nitrocellulose, polystyrene, and other polymeric materials.
- a specific example is an IgG-BP column (see WO2021/080008) in which the antibody-modified peptide described above is bound to a column gel.
- the first antibody composition containing a relatively large amount of unmodified antibody and monovalent antibody is compared with the bivalent antibody by utilizing the difference in their interaction with the antibody-modified peptide.
- the second antibody composition which is relatively abundant, can be separated and purified, respectively.
- the first antibody composition has a molar ratio of unmodified antibody to monovalent modified antibody of 4 to 47:53 to 96, preferably 4 to 30:70 to 96, more preferably 4 to 20:80-96, more preferably 4-10:90-96.
- the separated and purified first antibody composition or second antibody composition may be directly used for the click reaction in the subsequent step (B). ) may be used for click reactions.
- the click reaction in step (B) is carried out between the click-reactive first atomic group of the chelating agent and the click-reactive second atomic group of the peptide-modified antibody.
- Such a click reaction forms a binding group (substituent that enables conjugation with the antibody) that connects the chelating agent and the antibody.
- step (A) can undergo a click reaction, the order of their addition does not matter.
- One of the chelating agent and the antibody may be added and then reacted, or the other may be added to a dispersion in which one of the chelating agent and the antibody is dispersed in a solvent and reacted. Alternatively, these may be simultaneously added to a reaction vessel containing a solvent and reacted.
- a solvent containing water can be used as the solvent used for the click reaction in step (B).
- Buffers such as buffered saline, Tris buffer, HEPES buffer, or tetramethylammonium acetate buffer can be used.
- the pH at 25°C is preferably 4.0 or more and 10.0 or less, more preferably 5.5 or more, from the viewpoint of achieving both the stability of the complex and the antibody and their binding efficiency. 5 or less.
- the amount of the reaction liquid is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of practicality in the production process, the lower limit at the start of the step (B) is preferably 0.001 mL or more, more preferably 0.01 mL or more, and 0.1 mL or more. is more preferably 1 mL or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 mL or less, more preferably 100 mL or less, even more preferably 10 mL or less, and even more preferably 1 mL or less, for example, preferably 0.001 mL or more and 1000 mL or less, A range of 0.1 mL or more and 10 mL or less is more preferable.
- the concentrations of the chelating agent and the antibody in the reaction solution are each independently at the start of step (B), and the lower limit thereof is preferably 0.001 ⁇ mol/L or more, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ mol/L or more, 0.1 ⁇ mol/L or more is more preferable, 1.0 ⁇ mol/L or more is still more preferable, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ mol/L or less, for example, 0.1 ⁇ mol/L or more and 1000 ⁇ mol/L.
- the following range is preferable, and a range of 1 ⁇ mol/L or more and 100 ⁇ mol/L or less is more preferable from the viewpoint of the yield of the target complex.
- the upper limit of the reaction temperature for the click reaction in step (B) is preferably 50°C or lower, more preferably 40°C or lower.
- the lower limit of the reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the reaction proceeds, but 15° C. or higher is preferable.
- the reaction time of the click reaction is preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, and preferably 24 hours or less, more preferably 20 hours or less, provided that the reaction temperature is as described above.
- the range is preferably 5 minutes or more and 24 hours or less, more preferably 10 minutes or more and 20 hours or less.
- the obtained complex may be used as it is, or may be purified using a filtration filter, a membrane filter, a column filled with various fillers, chromatography, or the like.
- the conjugates produced by steps (A) and (B) are those in which the lysine residues in the Fc region of the deglycosylated antibody are specifically modified with a chelating agent.
- This complex comprises one or two molecules of the chelating agent per molecule of the antibody.
- the chelating agent site-specifically modifies the Fc region of the antibody of the present invention via the linker (L).
- the linker (L) includes a chelate linker (L 2 ) that connects to a chelating agent, a first atomic group that connects to the linker (L 2 ), a second atomic group that can click-react with the first atomic group, and a second atom.
- the linker (L) has a chemical structure derived from the first atomic group and the second atomic group.
- a triazole skeleton-containing structure represented by the above formula (10a) or (10b) or a pyridazine skeleton-containing structure represented by the above formula (10c) can be considered. Since Formula (10a) and Formula (10b) are in an isomer relationship, they may be contained in an arbitrary ratio.
- Radiopharmaceutical refers to a composition containing the complex of the present invention and in a form suitable for in vivo administration to a subject.
- Radiopharmaceuticals for example, the complex produced by the method shown in (1-6) above, as it is, or after purifying it, are produced by dissolving in a solvent that is mainly composed of water and is approximately isotonic with the living body. can do.
- the radiopharmaceutical is preferably in the form of an aqueous solution, and may contain other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients as necessary.
- a radiopharmaceutical is administered in an effective amount orally or parenterally such as intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intramuscularly to a living body, and is used for cancer treatment, cancer diagnosis, or lesion detection.
- Subjects for administration here include humans and animals such as mice, rats, monkeys, guinea pigs, chimpanzees, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, and horses, but are not particularly limited. Humans are preferred.
- Target diseases are determined according to the characteristics of the antibody used, and in the case of anti-HER2 antibodies, diseases in which HER2 is overexpressed can be mentioned.
- Specific examples include breast cancer in which HER2 overexpression has been confirmed, unresectable advanced/recurrent gastric cancer in which HER2 overexpression has been confirmed, and the like.
- diseases in which EGFR is overexpressed are included.
- specific examples include unresectable advanced/recurrent colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, and the like.
- diseases in which CD20 is overexpressed are included.
- CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- immunosuppressive CD20-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disease CD20-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disease
- Wegener's granulomatosis microscopic polyangiitis
- microscopic polyangiitis microscopic polyangiitis
- refractory nephrotic syndrome renal transplantation - Suppression of antibody-related rejection in ABO blood group incompatible transplantation at the time of liver transplantation.
- the "effective amount” as used herein is an amount capable of obtaining a diagnostically or therapeutically effective effect in the subject of administration.
- the effective amount to be administered to a subject depends on the type of subject, the weight of the subject, the dosage form (tablet, injection, etc.) and route (oral administration, parenteral administration, etc.), and the severity of the disease (e.g., cancer). Varies depending on severity. A physician or veterinarian will be able to determine an appropriate effective amount considering such factors.
- Radioactive metal nuclides that have a therapeutic effect specifically, nuclides that emit ⁇ rays or nuclides that emit ⁇ rays (preferably Ac-225, Y-90, Lu-177, more preferably Ac -225)
- the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention can be used for internal radiotherapy of cancer.
- the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention is administered intravenously or orally, and the radioconjugate of the present invention is accumulated in a lesion site such as a cancer primary tumor or metastatic lesion, and released from the radiometal nuclide. Radiation can destroy cancer cells at the lesion site.
- the dose and dose of the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention are determined by the efficacy of the active ingredient, the mode and route of administration, the stage of cancer progression, the body type, body weight and age of the patient, and the type and amount of the therapeutic drug used in combination for other diseases. is selected as appropriate.
- radiometal nuclide that emits positrons or a radionuclide that emits ⁇ rays (preferably Zr-89) as the radiometal nuclide
- Radiopharmaceuticals using positron-emitting radionuclides can be suitably used for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) examinations, and SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) inspection. This may be used in combination with cancer diagnosis or lesion detection in the above-described cancer radiotherapy.
- the diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for cancer of the present invention may be used for diagnosis before performing internal radiotherapy for cancer, or may be used for diagnosis after performing internal radiotherapy for cancer.
- Radiopharmaceutical of the present invention Treatment of whether or not to perform internal radiotherapy for cancer using the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention comprising a metal nuclide that emits ⁇ -rays by being used for diagnosis before radiotherapy for cancer It can be used for selection judgment. In addition, by being used for diagnosis after performing radiotherapy for cancer, it is possible to determine whether or not radiotherapy for cancer using the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention is effective, increase or decrease the dose, etc. can be used to optimize the treatment plan for
- the invention provides a conjugate of a chelating agent chelated with a radionuclide and a deglycosylated antibody, wherein said radionuclide is an alpha-ray nuclide.
- the chelating agent may randomly modify the antibody, and in this case, it is preferable to have 1 to 8 antibody molecules.
- various chemical modification methods of the antibody are used in the conjugation step of the chelating agent or linker and the antibody. Specifically, the methods (a) to (e) are mentioned.
- the radionuclide in the chelating agent is an ⁇ -ray nuclide and the chelating agent may randomly modify the antibody.
- Xa, Xb, Xc and Xd represent a consecutive number of X's, b consecutive number of X's, c consecutive number of X's, and d consecutive number of X's
- X is an amino acid residue having neither a thiol group nor a haloacetyl group in its side chain
- a, b, c and d are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less and satisfy a + b + c + d ⁇
- Xaa1 and Xaa3 are each independently represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in its side chain, and is bound via a disulfide bond or a sulfide group is bound via a linker, or
- One represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol
- R 11 , R 13 and R 14 are each independently —(CH 2 ) p COOH, —(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, —(CH 2 ) p PO 3 a group consisting of H 2 , —(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or —(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, wherein one of R 12 or R 15 is a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, or 3 is a carboxyalkyl group, the other is a substituent for conjugation with the antibody, p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, and R 12 is a substituent for conjugation with the antibody.
- R 15 is a hydrogen atom, and when R 12 is not a substituent for conjugation with the antibody, R 15 is a substituent for conjugation with the antibody.
- the complex according to (8), wherein the ⁇ -ray emitting nuclide is Ac-225.
- (16) comprising a conjugating step of conjugating a radionuclide-chelated chelating agent with a deglycosylated antibody to form a conjugate of the chelating agent and the antibody; A method for producing a composite according to any one of .
- (17) The production method according to (16), wherein the conjugating step is performed by performing a click reaction.
- the conjugating step is carried out by a click reaction between the antibody and a DOTAGA-DBCO radioactive metal complex represented by the following formula.
- Example 1 Production of deglycosylated antibody-RI conjugate using 89Zr -labeled DOTAGA-DBCO (1. Production of antibody composition) (Step 1) (1-1. Production of antibody-modified linker) A peptide (SEQ ID NO: 19) containing 17 amino acid residues represented by (P3) below was obtained by the method described in International Publication 2017/217347. The amino acid sequence of this peptide was identical to the sequence in which Xaa2 of SEQ ID NO:2 is a lysine residue, and the side chain terminal amino group of the lysine residue was modified with the structure shown by R1 .
- cysteine residues are disulfide-bonded to each other, and the N-terminus of the peptide is an atomic group containing an azide group, which is the second atomic group, via a linker (L1) structure having diglycolic acid and eight PEGs. As such, ethyl azide was bound.
- Lys is lysine
- Gly is glycine
- Pro is proline
- Asp is aspartic acid
- Cys is cysteine
- Ala is alanine
- Tyr is tyrosine
- His is histidine
- Glu is Glutamic acid
- Leu for leucine
- Val for valine
- Thr for threonine
- Trp for tryptophan
- Phe for phenylalanine.
- the liquid was passed through an IgG-BP column to obtain a first antibody composition containing a relatively large amount of unlabeled antibody and monovalent antibody.
- the concentration was adjusted with 0.02 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 mol/L sodium chloride so that the concentration of monovalent antibody contained in the collected fractions was 15 mg/mL.
- the obtained solution containing the first antibody composition was subjected to the labeling step described below.
- Step 2 DOTAGA-DBCO represented by the following formula was analyzed by Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 7834-7841. DOTAGA-DBCO was dispersed in 0.156 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) as a solvent to prepare a dispersion containing 0.3 mmol/L of a chelating agent.
- 0.03 mL of this dispersion, 0.03 mL of 0.156 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 0.15 mol/L gentisic acid, and 89 Zr ion-containing solution ( 89 Y(p, n) 89 Zr produced by the 89 Zr method was mixed with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, adjusted to a radioactivity concentration of 910 MBq/mL, liquid volume 0.03 mL) 27.3 MBq, and the reaction solution was heated to It was made to react and the 89Zr complex solution was obtained.
- the radiochemical purity of the obtained 89 Zr complex was measured by the following method. That is, a part of the 89 Zr complex solution was subjected to thin layer chromatography (manufactured by Agilent, model number: SGI0001, developing solvent is a mixture of acetonitrile: 0.1 mol/L EDTA solution (pH 5.0) (volume ratio 1:1)). It was developed and then measured with a radio- ⁇ -TLC analyzer (manufactured by raytest, MODEL GITA Star). The percentage of the peak radioactivity (counts) detected near the origin to the total radioactivity (counts) detected was defined as the labeling rate (%) of the 89 Zr complex.
- the labeling rate of the 89 Zr complex was 96.0%.
- the labeling rate (%) means the radioactivity of the 89 Zr complex with respect to the radioactivity charged in the complex formation step.
- the obtained 89 Zr complex solution was directly used for the labeling step.
- Step 3 Labeling step (Step 3) Add the solution containing the peptide-modified antibody (monovalent antibody) obtained in step 1 above to the unpurified 89 Zr complex solution obtained in step 2 above, and click at 37° C. for 2 hours.
- a 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody was obtained by reaction.
- the molar ratio of DBCO groups to azide groups during the reaction was about 1:2.4.
- the reaction rate (%) of the unpurified 89Zr complex-labeled antibody was 89.9%.
- the reaction rate (%) means the radiochemical purity (RCP) (%) of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody with respect to the labeling rate (%) in the complex formation step.
- the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody solution obtained by reacting at 37° C. for 2 hours was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC505096).
- the RCP of the purified 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody was 96.5%, and the radiochemical yield (RCY) was 66.7%.
- Step 4 A portion of each of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibodies produced in step 3 above was taken out into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube (LoBind, manufactured by Eppendorf) and stored in a storage buffer (19 g/L trehalose hydrate containing 84 mg/L PS20, 470 mg/L L- histidine hydrochloride, 300 mg/L L-histidine aqueous solution).
- Step 1 Non-deglycosylated Trastuzumab was used as the antibody. The same antibody-modified linker as described in Example 1 was used, and the separation and purification of the monovalent antibody were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Step 2 DOTAGA-DBCO was dispersed in 0.156 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) as a solvent to prepare a dispersion containing 0.3 mmol/L of a chelating agent.
- 0.03 mL of this dispersion, 0.03 mL of 0.156 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 0.15 mol/L gentisic acid, and 89 Zr ion-containing solution ( 89 Y(p, n) 89 Zr produced by the 89 Zr method was mixed with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, adjusted to a radioactivity concentration of 890 MBq/mL, liquid volume 0.03 mL) 26.7 MBq. It was made to react and the 89Zr complex solution was obtained.
- the radiochemical purity of the resulting 89 Zr complex was determined as in Example 1. As a result, the labeling rate of the 89 Zr complex was 97.7%. The obtained 89 Zr complex solution was directly used for the labeling step.
- Step 3 Add the solution containing the peptide-modified antibody (monovalent antibody) obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 to the unpurified 89 Zr complex solution obtained through the above step 2, and click at 37 ° C. for 2 hours.
- a 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody was obtained by reaction.
- the molar ratio of DBCO to azide during the reaction was approximately 1:2.4.
- the reaction rate (%) of the unpurified 89Zr complex-labeled antibody was 88.9%.
- the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody solution obtained by reacting at 37° C. for 2 hours was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC505096).
- the purified 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody had an RCP of 97.1% and an RCY of 73%.
- the RCP and RCY of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Step 4 A portion of each of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibodies produced in step 3 above was taken out into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube (LoBind, manufactured by Eppendorf) and stored in a storage buffer (19 g/L trehalose hydrate containing 84 mg/L PS20, 470 mg/L L- histidine hydrochloride, 300 mg/L L-histidine aqueous solution).
- Antigen-binding activity was confirmed by in vitro autoradiography (ARG).
- SKOV3 cells, a HER2-positive human ovarian cancer cell line, and MDA-MB-231 cells, a HER2-negative human breast cancer cell line, purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) were used in female SCID Beige mice (Charles River Japan). 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells were subcutaneously administered to the flanks of each to prepare tumor-bearing mice.
- SKOV3 tumors and MDA-MB-231 tumors were then excised and delivered to Tissue Tech O.C. C. T. Frozen sections were prepared by embedding in a compound (Sakura Fine Tech Japan).
- Each of the radioconjugates obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was added to PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin at 5 kBq/mL, and SKOV3 tumor sections and MDA-MB-231 tumor sections were immersed. After contacting the section with the imaging plate, the section was read with a scanner-type image analyzer (Typhoon FLA 7000, manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan) to evaluate the radioactivity bound to the section. The results are shown in FIG. The vertical axis in the figure is an arbitrary region of interest (ROI) set in the tissue, the intensity per unit area thereof is quantified, and the standard radiation source Std. (standard radiation source: 5 ⁇ L spot of the solution containing the radioactive complex in which the section was immersed).
- ROI region of interest
- Radioconjugates prepared as described in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 bound more strongly to HER2-positive SKOV3 tumor sections, did not bind to HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 tumor sections, and were HER2-selective. showed good binding. On the other hand, there was no difference in the binding ability to HER2 between the antibody with the sugar chain cleaved and the antibody with the non-cleaved sugar chain.
- blood was collected from the heart under isoflurane anesthesia, and heart, lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, bladder, thigh muscle, femur. , skin, and tumor were collected, and other tissues were collected as the remaining whole body.
- mice administered each radioconjugate were housed in metabolic cages until the time point of dissection, and faeces and urine were collected.
- the weight of each sampled tissue and blood was measured, and the counting rate of each tissue, blood, feces and urine was measured with a ⁇ -ray scintillation measuring device (JDC-1712, Hitachi, Ltd.).
- the accumulation rate per unit weight (%ID/g) was calculated from the obtained tissue weight and counting rate. The results are shown in FIG.
- 89 Zr-labeled deglycosylated antibody produced according to Example 1 compared to 89 Zr-labeled deglycosylated antibody produced as described in Comparative Example 1 (non-deglycosylated antibody) at any time point
- the amount of accumulation was low in the liver and spleen, which are reticuloendothelial tissues (Fig. 3).
- the amount of antibody retained in the blood was higher for the 89Zr -labeled deglycosylated antibody than for the 89Zr -labeled deglycosylated antibody at any time point, and the tumor accumulation was higher for the 89Zr -labeled deglycosylated antibody. It was a high result.
- Example 2 Production of deglycosylated antibody-RI conjugate using 225 Ac-labeled DOTAGA-DBCO
- step 1 Deglycosylated antibody preparation step
- step 2 Using the deglycosylated antibody and the antibody-modified linker described in Example 1, the antibody is modified with the antibody-modified linker, and the first antibody obtained by the monovalent antibody separation and purification method described in Example 1 A solution containing the composition was subjected to the labeling step described below.
- (2. Complex formation step) (Step 2) DOTAGA-DBCO was dispersed in 0.156 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) as a solvent to prepare a dispersion containing 0.3 mmol/L of a chelating agent.
- the radiochemical purity of the resulting 225 Ac complex was determined as in Example 1. As a result, the labeling rate of the 225 Ac complex was 81%. From the resulting 225 Ac complex solution, 0.04 mL (300 kBq, 8 nmol of ligand) was used for the labeling step.
- Step 3 0.117 mL of the solution containing the peptide-modified antibody (monovalent antibody) obtained in step 1 was added to the solution of the unpurified 225 Ac complex obtained in step 2 above, and the mixture was stirred at 37°C for 1.5 minutes. A time-click reaction was performed to obtain a 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody.
- the molar ratio of DBCO to azide during the reaction was about 1:1.5.
- the reaction rate of the unpurified 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody was 77.6%.
- the resulting 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody solution was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC505096).
- the purified 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody had an RCP of 99.4% and an RCY of 62.0%.
- the RCP and RCY of the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Step 4 The 225 Ac complex-labeled deglycosylated antibody prepared in step 3 above was diluted in storage buffer as in Example 1.
- the RCP of the resulting 225 Ac complex was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the RCP of the 225 Ac complex was 81%. From the obtained 225 Ac complex solution, 0.04 mL (307 kBq, 8 nmol of ligand) was used for the labeling step.
- Step 3 Labeling step (Step 3) Add 0.137 mL of the solution containing the peptide-modified antibody (monovalent antibody) obtained in step 1 to the unpurified 225 Ac complex solution obtained in step 2 above, and click at 37° C. for 1 hour.
- a 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody was obtained by reacting. The molar ratio of DBCO to azide during the reaction was about 1:1.7. The reaction rate of the unpurified 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody was 79.8%.
- the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody solution obtained by reacting at 37° C. for 2 hours was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC505096).
- the purified 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody had an RCP of 99.7% and an RCY of 60.9%.
- the RCP and RCY of the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Step 4 The 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody produced in Step 3 above was diluted with a storage buffer in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- Both 225 Ac complex-labeled antibodies were administered to the tail vein at doses of 10 kBq or 5 kBq/animal (approximately 100 ⁇ g/animal and approximately 50 ⁇ g/animal, respectively, as Trastuzumab).
- a control group a vehicle group to which the storage buffer was administered was set. Each group consisted of 6 mice, and the general conditions, body weight and tumor volume were measured over time until 30 days after administration. Animals weighing less than 80% of the body weight on the day of dosing and exhibiting abnormal locomotion and feeding behavior were euthanized for humane endpoints.
- FIG. 5 shows changes in tumor volume over time
- FIG. 6 shows changes in body weight over time
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 5 represents the tumor volume, and the horizontal axis represents the number of days elapsed after administration of each drug.
- the graph represents the mean ⁇ standard deviation of tumor volume in each group.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 6 represents the body weight of the mouse, and the horizontal axis represents the number of days elapsed since administration of each drug.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 7 indicates the number of surviving individuals, and the horizontal axis indicates the number of days elapsed since administration of each drug.
- "*" in the figure indicates the time point at which the individual was euthanized by application of the humane endpoint.
- the group to which the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody was administered showed a difference in antitumor effect compared to the vehicle group.
- the average tumor volume of the group administered with the antibody produced in Example 2 was smaller than that of the antibody produced in Comparative Example 2. It was suggested that it exhibits a strong antitumor effect.
- Example 3 Production of deglycosylated antibody-RI conjugate using 89Zr -labeled DOTAGA-DBCO-2
- Antibody preparation step (Step 1) Deglycosylated Cetuximab was used as the antibody. The same antibody-modified linker as described in Example 1 was used, and the separation and purification of the monovalent antibody were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- (2. Complex formation step) (Step 2) The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the radioactivity at the time of complex formation was 87.7 MBq. The RCP of the obtained 89 Zr complex was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the RCP of the 89 Zr complex was 97.8%. From the resulting 89 Zr complex solution, 0.03 mL (25.9 MBq, 3 nmol of ligand) was used for the labeling step.
- Example 1 (3. Labeling step) (Step 3) Example 1 was repeated except that deglycosylated Cetuximab was used as the antibody and the molar ratio of DBCO to azide in the reaction was about 1:1.2.
- the reaction rate of the unpurified 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody was 56.1%.
- the resulting 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody solution was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC505096).
- the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody after purification had an RCP of 93.9% and an RCY of 46.6%.
- the RCP and RCY of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Step 4 A portion of the 89 Zr complex-labeled deglycosylated antibody in step 3 above was extracted into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube (LoBind, manufactured by Eppendorf) and stored in a storage buffer (100 mg/L PS20 containing 5844 mg/L sodium chloride, 7507 mg/L glycine, 2101 mg/ L citric acid hydrate aqueous solution))).
- a storage buffer 100 mg/L PS20 containing 5844 mg/L sodium chloride, 7507 mg/L glycine, 2101 mg/ L citric acid hydrate aqueous solution
- Example 1 (3. Labeling step) (Step 3) Example 1 was repeated except that non-deglycosylated Cetuximab was used as the antibody and the molar ratio of DBCO to azide during the reaction was about 1:1.2.
- the reaction rate of the unpurified 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody was 51.4%.
- the resulting 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody solution was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC505096).
- the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody after purification had an RCP of 93.8% and an RCY of 50.7%.
- the RCP and RCY of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Step 4 A portion of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody (not deglycosylated) in step 3 above was extracted into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube (LoBind, manufactured by Eppendorf) and stored in a storage buffer (100 mg/L PS20 containing 5844 mg/L sodium chloride, 7507 mg/ L glycine, 2101 mg/L citric acid hydrate aqueous solution).
- a storage buffer 100 mg/L PS20 containing 5844 mg/L sodium chloride, 7507 mg/ L glycine, 2101 mg/L citric acid hydrate aqueous solution.
- blood was collected from the heart under isoflurane anesthesia, and heart, lung, spleen, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, thigh muscle, femur, skin, tumor, and kidney. , the liver was collected, and other tissues were collected as the remaining whole body.
- mice administered each radioconjugate were housed in metabolic cages until the time point of dissection, and faeces and urine were collected.
- the weight of each sampled tissue and blood was measured, and the counting rate of each tissue, blood, feces and urine was measured with a ⁇ -ray scintillation measuring device (JDC-1712, Hitachi, Ltd.).
- the accumulation rate per unit weight (%ID/g) was calculated from the obtained tissue weight and counting rate. The results are shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis of the graph indicates the accumulation rate per unit weight of each tissue.
- the 89 Zr-labeled deglycosylated antibody produced according to Example 3 was accumulated in liver and spleen, which are reticuloendothelial tissues, as compared with the 89 Zr-labeled deglycosylated antibody produced according to Comparative Example 3. was low (Fig. 10).
- the amount of antibody retained in the blood was higher for the 89Zr -labeled deglycosylated antibody than for the 89Zr -labeled deglycosylated antibody at any time point, and the tumor accumulation was higher for the 89Zr -labeled deglycosylated antibody. It was a high result.
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Abstract
Description
非特許文献1および特許文献1の89Zr標識された脱グリコシル化抗体は、修飾個数の制御が課題となる。また、脱グリコシル化抗体による放射線治療には、着目されていない。
加えて、脱グリコシル化抗体がCCAPペプチドで修飾可能かどうかは知られていない。
従って、正常組織への集積を低減し腫瘍集積性を向上させるRI標識抗体の提供が課題となる。
本発明は、放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体との複合体であって、該キレート剤が、リンカーを介して、前記抗体のFc領域を部位特異的に修飾している、複合体(以下、本発明の放射性複合体、又は単に複合体とも称する)を提供する。
本発明の放射性複合体に含まれる放射性金属核種は、α線を放出する放射性核種、β線を放出する放射性核種、ポジトロンを放出する放射性核種又はγ線を放出する放射性核種である。本発明の放射性複合体をがん治療に用いる場合は、α線を放出する放射性核種又はβ線を放出する放射性核種を用いることが好ましい。また、本発明の放射性複合体をがんの診断若しくは検出に用いる場合は、ポジトロンを放出する放射性核種又はγ線を放出する放射性核種を用いることが好ましい。α線を放出する放射性核種として、Bi-212、Bi-213、Ac-225、Th-227が例示される。また、β線を放出する放射性核種として、Co-60、Fe-59、Cu-64、Cu-67、Sr-89、Y-90、Tc-99m、Ru-103、Sm-153、Dy-165、Hо-166、Lu-177、Re-186、Re-188、Au-198、Hg-203、Bi-212、Bi-213又はPb-212が例示される。また、ポジトロンを放出する放射性核種として、Cu-64、Ga-68、Y-86、Zr-89が例示される。また、γ線を放出する放射性核種として、Tc-99m又はIn-111が例示される。本発明の放射性複合体1に含まれる放射性金属核種は、Ac-225、Y-90、Lu-177又はZr-89であることが、より好ましい。本発明の放射性複合体1に含まれる放射性金属核種は、Ac-225又はZr-89であることが、特に好ましい。
本発明の複合体に含まれる抗体は、糖鎖が切断された抗体、即ち脱グリコシル化抗体であれば特に限定されない。本発明で用いられる抗体は、ポリクローナル抗体であってもよいし、モノクローナル抗体であってもよいが、モノクローナル抗体が好ましい。抗体の由来は、特に限定されないが、例えば、非ヒト動物の抗体、非ヒト哺乳動物の抗体、およびヒト抗体が挙げられ、好ましくは、ヒト、ラット、マウス及びウサギを例示できる。抗体がヒト以外の種に由来する場合は、周知の技術を用いて、キメラ化又はヒト化することが好ましいが、本発明に用いられる抗体は、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、またはヒト抗体であってもよい。また、本発明で用いられる抗体は、二重特異性抗体であってもよい。より好ましくは、本発明の複合体に用いられる脱グリコシル化抗体はヒトIgG抗体である。ヒトIgG抗体は、例えば、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、またはIgG4であり得る。
抗体の脱グリコシル化処理(反応温度、反応時間等)は、糖鎖の切断(遊離)に用いる手段に応じて、当分野で実施される方法に従って実施することができる。
いずれも自体公知の方法で調製可能であるか商業的に入手可能である。
なお、本発明の複合体に用いられる抗体は、WO2017/141604やWO2021/075545記載の抗体であってもよい。
本発明においてキレート剤は、放射性金属核種が配位する部位を構造中に有するものであれば特に限定されない。キレート剤として、例えば、CB-TE2A(1,4,8,11-Tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid)、CDTA(Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid)、CDTPA(4-cyano-4-[[(dodecylthio)thioxomethyl]thio]-pentanoic acid)、DOTA(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTMA((1R,4R,7R,10R)-α,α’,α”,α’”-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTAM(1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane)、DOTPA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetra propionic acid)、1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Lpy)、DOTA-GA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTP(((1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonic acid)、DOTMP(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid))、DOTA-4AMP(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid))、D02P(Tetraazacyclododecane dimethanephosphonic acid)、Deferoxamine (DFO)、DTPA(Glycine, N,N-bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]-)、CHX-A”-DTPA(2,2'-((2-(((1S,2R)-2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)cyclohexyl)(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)azanediyl)diacetic acid)、DTPA-BMA(5,8-Bis(carboxymethyl)-11-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-oxo-2,5,8,11-tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid)、EDTA(2,2',2”,2’”-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid)、NOTA(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid)、NOTP(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyltris(methylenephosphonic acid))、TETPA(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetrapropionic acid)、TETA(1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N',N”,N’”-tetraacetic acid)、TTHA(3,6,9,12-Tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecanedioic acid)、HEHA(1,2,7,10,13-hexaazacyclooctadecane-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaacetic acid)、1,2-HOPO(N,N’,N”,N’”-tetra(1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-oxopyridine-6-carbonyl)-1,5,10,14-tetraazatetradecane)、PEPA(1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane-N,N’,N”,N’”,N””-pentaacetic acid)、H4octapa(N,N’-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine-N,N’-diacetic acid)、H2bispa2(6,6’-({9-hydroxy-1,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-2,4-di(pyridine-2-yl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl}bis(-methylene))dipicolinic acid)、H2dedpa(1,2-[{6-(carboxy)-pyridin-2-yl}-methylamino]ethane)、H2macropa(6-(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecan-N,N’-methyl)picolinic acid)、H5decapa(N,N”-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-diethylenetriamine-N,N’,N”-triacetic acid)、H6phospa(N,N’-(methylenephosphonate)-N,N’-[6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl]-methyl-1,2-diaminoethane)、HP-D03A(Hydroxypropyltetraazacyclododecanetriacetic acid)、porphyrinといったものが挙げられるが、下記式(A)で表される化合物が好ましい。
本発明の複合体において、キレート剤とリンカー(L)とは共有結合により連結されていることが好ましい。したがって、前述したキレート剤は、本発明の複合体においては、化合物内の一部の基がリンカー(L)と共有結合を形成する基に置換されていてもよい。例えば、本発明で用いられるキレート剤が、式(A)で表される化合物である場合は、R12又はR15がリンカー(L)と共有結合を形成する基に置換されていてもよい。好ましくは、R12がリンカー(L)と共有結合を形成する基に置換されているときR15は水素原子であり、R12が-(CH2)pCOOH、-(CH2)pC5H5N、-(CH2)pPO3H2、-(CH2)pCONH2又は、-(CHCOOH)(CH2)pCOOHからなる基であるとき、R15がリンカー(L)と共有結合を形成する基に置換されている。
好ましくは、本発明で用いられる脱グリコシル化抗体は、抗体修飾ペプチドで部位特異的に、好ましくはFc領域に修飾しており、この場合は本発明で用いられるキレート剤は、リンカー(L)を介して、下記式(i)で表される、13以上17以下のアミノ酸残基からなるペプチド(以下、「抗体修飾ペプチド」ともいう。)を含み、かつ架橋剤で修飾された抗体修飾ペプチドと抗体との架橋反応によって形成されているものを用いることができる。なお、式(i)において、アミノ酸配列の紙面左側がN末端側を示し、アミノ酸配列の紙面右側がC末端側を示すものとして説明する。キレート剤がリンカーとして抗体修飾ペプチドを介して抗体と接続される場合、キレート剤と抗体修飾ペプチドが連結する位置は特に限定しないが、例えば抗体修飾ペプチドのN末端又はC末端、好ましくはN末端に直接又は間接的に連結することができる。また、抗体修飾ペプチドのC末端はその安定性の向上等のためにアミド化等の修飾を受けていてもよい。
式(i)中、Xa、Xb、Xc及びXdは、それぞれ、連続するa個のX、連続するb個のX、連続するc個のX、及び連続するd個のXを表し、
Xは、側鎖にチオール基及びハロアセチル基のいずれも有しないアミノ酸残基であり、
a、b、c及びdはそれぞれ独立に1以上5以下の整数で、かつa+b+c+d≦14を満たし、
Xaa1及びXaa3は、それぞれ独立に、
側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、又は、
一方が、側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、他方が、側鎖にハロアセチル基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、Xaa1とXaa3とが連結しており、
Xaa2は、リシン残基、アルギニン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸であり、架橋剤で修飾されている。
(2)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号2)、
(3)RCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCS(配列番号3)、
(4)GPRCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCSFH(配列番号4)、
(5)SPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号5)、
(6)GDDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号6)、
(7)GPSCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号7)、
(8)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCSFH(配列番号8)、
(9)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTHH(配列番号9)、
(10)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY(配列番号10)、
(11)SPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY(配列番号11)、
(12)SDDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY(配列番号12)、
(13)RGNCAYH(Xaa2)GQLVWCTYH(配列番号13)、
(14)G(Xaa1)DCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCT(Xaa3)H(配列番号14)
(15)DCTYH(Xaa2)GNLVWCT(配列番号15)、
(16)DCAYH(Xaa2)GNLVWCT(配列番号16)、
(17)DCTYH(Xaa2)GELVWCT(配列番号17)、及び
(18)DCAWH(Xaa2)GELVWCT(配列番号18)。
リンカー(L)は、本発明の放射性複合体において、キレート剤とペプチドとを連結できるものであれば特に限定されない。置換又は無置換のアルキル基、置換又は無置換のヘテロアルキル基、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)基、ペプチド、糖鎖、ジスルフィド基、アミド基、及びこれらの組み合わせなどが挙げられる。
本明細書においてリンカー(L)とは、ペプチドで修飾された脱グリコシル化抗体とキレート剤との接続に用いられるリンカーの総称であり、抗体修飾リンカー(L1)及びキレートリンカー(L2)を含む用語である。抗体修飾リンカー(L1)は、詳細は後述するが、(1-4)で説明したペプチドのN末端側に導入されるものであり、キレートリンカー(L2)も、詳細は後述するが、(1-3)で説明したキレート剤の官能基に導入されるものである。
本発明の複合体の製造方法は、キレート剤と抗体とをコンジュゲーションするコンジュゲーション工程と、放射性核種とキレート剤との錯体を形成する錯体形成工程との2つの工程から製造することができる。コンジュゲーション工程は、錯体形成工程の前であってもよいし錯体形成工程の後であってもよい。
錯体形成後、ろ過フィルター、メンブランフィルター、種々の充填剤を充填したカラム、クロマトグラフィー等を用いて、得られた錯体を精製してもよい。
より好ましい態様において、錯体形成工程(A)では、放射性核種とクリック反応可能な第1の原子団を抗体と複合化を可能とするための置換基として有するキレート剤との間で錯体を形成する。次いで、コンジュゲーション工程(B)では、前述した式(i)で示す抗体修飾ペプチドと、クリック反応可能な第2の原子団とを有する抗体修飾リンカー(L1)を用いて、Fc領域を部位特異的に修飾されたペプチド修飾抗体と、工程(A)で得られた錯体形成されたキレート剤との間でクリック反応を実行し、本発明の複合体を得る。
以下工程(A)及び(B)について、詳述する。
A-B-C ・・・(ii)
式(ii)中、Aは、以下の式(iia)で表されるキレート部である。
式(ii)中、Bは以下の式(iib)で表される。
式(ii)中、Cは、以下の式(iic)で表されるアルキン誘導体又は式(iid)で表されるテトラジン誘導体のいずれかである。
*-((L1)m-Z)k-L2-AG2 ・・・(S1)
(式中、*は、ペプチドのN末端又はC末端との結合部位を示し、
L1は、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)リンカー部であり、
mは、1以上50以下の整数であり、
Zは、(L1)mとL2とを結合する第2リンカー部であり、
kは、0又は1であり、
L2は、第2のPEGリンカー部であり、
AG2は第2原子団である。)
該混合工程における本開示のIgG結合ペプチドと本開示の抗体の混合比率は、特に限定しない。本開示のIgG結合ペプチドと本開示の抗体のモル比率は、例えば1:1~20:1、好ましくは2:1~20:1又は5:1~10:1とすることができる。
精製の結果、未修飾抗体と他の価数の抗体との分離ができない場合には、これらを含有する混合物として以降の工程に供してもよい。
未修飾抗体と、一価抗体と、二価抗体とを分離精製する場合は、上記のいずれの精製方法で分離精製してもよいが、種々の充填剤を充填したカラムを用いることができ、例えば、プロテインA、プロテインG又は上述の抗体修飾ペプチド等のタンパク質が担体に結合した充填剤が充填されたカラムを用いることができる。このようなカラムに充填される充填剤の担体の形状としては、ゲル(例えばカラム用ゲル)、粒子、ビーズ、ナノ粒子、微粒子及びマクロビーズなどの形状が挙げられ、担体の材質としては、磁性物質、ラテックス、アガロース、ガラス、セルロース、セファロース、ニトロセルロース、ポリスチレン、その他の高分子材料が挙げられる。具体的には上述の抗体修飾ペプチドを、カラム用ゲルに結合させたIgG-BPカラム(WO2021/080008参照)が例示できる。
分離精製した第一の抗体組成物又は第二の抗体組成物は、そのまま以降の工程(B)におけるクリック反応に用いてもよく、含有するペプチド修飾抗体のタンパク質濃度を調節してから工程(B)におけるクリック反応に用いてもよい。
放射性医薬とは、本発明の複合体を含み、対象の生体内への投与に適した形態となっている組成物を指す。放射性医薬は、例えば上述の(1-6)に示す方法で製造した複合体をそのままで、又はこれを精製したあとで、水を主体とし、且つ生体と略等張の溶媒に溶解させて製造することができる。この場合、放射性医薬は水溶液の形態であることが好ましく、必要に応じて、薬学的に許容される他の成分を含んでいてもよい。放射性医薬は、その有効量が、経口的に、又は静脈内、皮下、腹腔内若しくは筋肉内等の非経口的に生体に投与され、がんの治療、がんの診断、あるいは病巣の検出等に用いられる。
ここで投与対象としてはヒト、またはマウス、ラット、サル、モルモット、チンパンジ-、ヒツジ、ヤギ、イヌ、ネコ、ブタ、ウシもしくはウマなどの動物であるが、特に限定されるものではない。好ましくはヒトである。
対象疾患は用いる抗体の特性に応じて決定されるが、抗HER2抗体の場合、HER2が過剰発現している疾患が挙げられる。具体的には、HER2過剰発現が確認された乳がんやHER2過剰発現が確認された治癒切除不能な進行・再発の胃がん等が挙げられる。抗EGFR抗体の場合、EGFRが過剰発現している疾患が挙げられる。具体的には、切除不能な進行・再発大腸がんや頭頸部がん等が挙げられる。抗CD20抗体の場合、CD20が過剰発現している疾患が挙げられる。具体的には、CD20陽性のB細胞性非ホジキンリンパ腫、免疫抑制状態下のCD20陽性のB細胞性リンパ増殖性疾患、ヴェゲナ肉芽腫症、顕微鏡的多発血管炎、難治性のネフローゼ症候群、腎移植・肝移植時のABO血液型不適合移植における抗体関連型拒絶反応の抑制等が挙げられる。
別の一実施態様として、本発明は、放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体との複合体であって、上記放射性核種がα線核種である、複合体を提供する。
抗体をランダムに修飾する場合、キレート剤またはリンカーと抗体とのコンジュゲーション工程においては、種々の抗体の化学修飾法が用いられる。具体的には、(a)~(e)の方法が挙げられる。
(a)アミンカップリング法(N-ヒドロキシスクシミジル(NHS)基で活性化されたカルボキシル基をもつキレート剤またはキレートを用いて抗体のリシン残基のアミノ基を修飾する方法)
(b)抗体のヒンジ部位にあるポリペプチド鎖間のジスルフィド結合(SS結合)を部分的に還元することによって生じるスルフヒドリル(SH)基に対して、SH基に反応性を有するマレイミド基を持つキレート剤またはリンカーで修飾する方法
(c)遺伝子工学によるアミノ酸変異によって、抗体に新たに導入されたシステインに対してマレイミド基をもつキレート剤またはリンカーを修飾する方法
(d)遺伝子工学によるアミノ酸変異によって、抗体に新たに導入されたアジド化リシンのアジド基に、クリック反応を利用して、アルキン(例えばDibenzylcyclooctyne: DBCO)をもつキレート剤またはリンカーを修飾する方法
(e)トランスグルタミナーゼを利用して、抗体の特定の位置に導入されたグルタミンに、リシンの側鎖を有するキレート剤またはリンカーを修飾する方法
(1)放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体との複合体であって、
該キレート剤が、リンカーを介して、前記抗体のFc領域を部位特異的に修飾している、複合体。
(2)該リンカーが、下記式(i)で表される、13以上17以下のアミノ酸残基からなる抗体修飾ペプチドを含む、(1)に記載の複合体。
(Xa)-Xaa1-(Xb)-Xaa2-(Xc)-Xaa3-(Xd)・・・(i)
(式中、Xa、Xb、Xc及びXdは、それぞれ、連続するa個のX、連続するb個のX、連続するc個のX、及び連続するd個のXを表し、
Xは、側鎖にチオール基及びハロアセチル基のいずれも有しないアミノ酸残基であり、
a、b、c及びdはそれぞれ独立に1以上5以下の整数で、かつa+b+c+d≦14を満たし、
Xaa1及びXaa3は、それぞれ独立に、
側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、かつ、ジスルフィド結合を介して結合しているか若しくはスルフィド基がリンカーを介して結合しており、又は、
一方が、側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、他方が、側鎖にハロアセチル基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、かつ、チオエーテル結合を介して結合しており、
Xaa2は、リシン残基、アルギニン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸である。)
(3)該抗体修飾ペプチドが、前記式(i)中、Xaa2がリシン残基である、(2)に記載の複合体。
(4)該抗体修飾ペプチドが、配列番号2(ただし、Xaa2はリシン残基である)で表されるアミノ酸配列からなる抗体修飾ペプチドを含む、(2)又は(3)記載の複合体。
(5)該キレート剤が、下記式(A)で表される化合物又はその塩に由来する構造を有する、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(6)該リンカーが、クリック反応で形成された結合基を有する、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(7)該放射性金属核種がAc-225、Y-90、Lu-177又はZr-89である、(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(8)放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体との複合体であって、
該放射性核種がα線放出核種である、複合体。
(9)α線放出核種がAc-225である、(8)記載の複合体。
(10)該脱グリコシル化された抗体がヒトIgG抗体である、(1)~(9)のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
(11)脱グリコシル化がN型糖鎖の切断による、(1)~(10)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(12)N型糖鎖の切断がPNGaseFでの処理による、(11)に記載の複合体。
(13)(1)~(12)のいずれかに記載の複合体を有効成分として含有する、放射性医薬。
(14)がんのRI内用療法に用いられる、(13)に記載の放射性医薬。
(15)がんの診断に用いられる、(13)に記載の放射性医薬。
(16)放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体とを複合化して、該キレート剤と該抗体との複合体を生成する複合化工程を含む、(1)~(12)のいずれかに記載の複合体の製造方法。
(17)該複合化工程がクリック反応を実行することにより実施される、(16)記載の製造方法。
(18)該複合化工程が、該抗体と、下記式で表されるDOTAGA-DBCOの放射性金属錯体とをクリック反応させることで実施される、(17)に記載の製造方法。
(1.抗体組成物の製造)(工程1)
(1-1.抗体修飾リンカーの製造)
国際公開2017/217347号パンフレットに記載の方法で、下記(P3)で表される17個のアミノ酸残基を含むペプチド(配列番号19)を得た。このペプチドのアミノ酸配列は、配列番号2のXaa2がリシン残基である配列と同一であり、リシン残基の側鎖末端アミノ基がR1で示される構造で修飾されていた。また、2つのシステイン残基で互いにジスルフィド結合しており、ペプチドのN末端はジグリコール酸及び8つのPEGを有するリンカー(L1)構造を介して、第2原子団であるアジド基を含む原子団として、エチルアジドが結合しているものであった。
国際公開2017/217347号パンフレット記載の方法に準じて、上述のペプチドDSG(ジスクシンイミジルグルタレート)を反応させた。得られたDSG修飾ペプチドを含有する溶液と、J.Nucl.Med.2019,60,1174に記載の方法で得られたPNGaseFによって脱グリコシル化された抗体(Trastuzumab)を含有する溶液とを、0.02mol/L酢酸・酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH6.0)に混合し、室温で60分反応させて、ペプチド修飾抗体を含む溶液を得た。このペプチド修飾抗体は、上記のペプチドによって抗体のFc領域が部位特異的に修飾されたものであった。
次いで、IgG-BPカラムに通液して、未標識抗体及び一価抗体を相対的に多く含む第一の抗体組成物を得た。回収した画分に含まれる一価抗体の濃度が15mg/mLになるように0.1mol/L塩化ナトリウム含有0.02mol/Lリン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)で濃度を調整した。得られた第一の抗体組成物を含む溶液を後述の標識工程に供した。
下記式で表されるDOTAGA-DBCOをChem.Eur.J.2012,18,7834-7841に記載の方法を基にして製造した。DOTAGA-DBCOを、溶媒として0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)に分散させて、キレート剤を0.3mmol/L含む分散液とした。この分散液0.03mLと、0.15mol/Lゲンチジン酸含有0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)0.03mLと、放射性金属源として89Zrイオン含有溶液(89Y(p,n)89Zr法にて生成した89Zrを0.1mol/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度910MBq/mLに調整、液量0.03mL)27.3MBqとを混合した反応液を、加熱条件下で反応させて、89Zr錯体溶液を得た。キレート剤と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート剤:89Zrイオン=約1500:1であり、反応液の加熱温度は70℃、加熱時間は1時間とした。
上述の工程2を経て得られた未精製のままの89Zr錯体の溶液に、上記の工程1で得られたペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液を添加し、37℃で2時間クリック反応させて、89Zr錯体標識抗体を得た。反応時のDBCO基とアジド基とのモル比は約1:2.4であった。未精製時の89Zr錯体標識抗体の反応率(%)は89.9%であった。ここで、反応率(%)とは、錯体形成工程での標識率(%)に対する89Zr錯体標識抗体の放射化学的純度(RCP)(%)を意味する。
更に、37℃で2時間反応させて得られた89Zr錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外濾過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。精製後の89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCPは96.5%、放射化学的収率(RCY)は66.7%であった。
上記工程3で製造した89Zr錯体標識抗体をそれぞれ5mLエッペンチューブ(LoBind、エッペンドルフ社製)に一部抜き取り、保存緩衝液(84mg/L PS20含有19g/Lトレハロース水和物、470mg/L L-ヒスチジン塩酸塩、300mg/L L-ヒスチジン水溶液)で希釈した。
抗体は脱グリコシル化されていないTrastuzumabを用いた。抗体修飾リンカーは実施例1に記載のものと同じものを使用し、一価抗体の分離精製も実施例1と同様に実施した。
DOTAGA-DBCOを、溶媒として0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)に分散させて、キレート剤を0.3mmol/L含む分散液とした。この分散液0.03mLと、0.15mol/Lゲンチジン酸含有0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)0.03mLと、放射性金属源として89Zrイオン含有溶液(89Y(p,n)89Zr法にて生成した89Zrを0.1mol/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度890MBq/mLに調整、液量0.03mL)26.7MBqとを混合した反応液を、加熱条件下で反応させて、89Zr錯体溶液を得た。キレート剤と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート剤:89Zrイオン=約1500:1であり、反応液の加熱温度は70℃、加熱時間は1時間とした。
上述の工程2を経て得られた未精製のままの89Zr錯体溶液に実施例1と同様にして得られたペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液を添加し、37℃で2時間クリック反応させて、89Zr錯体標識抗体を得た。反応時のDBCOとアジドとのモル比は約1:2.4であった。未精製時の89Zr錯体標識抗体の反応率(%)は88.9%であった。
さらに、37℃で2時間反応させて得られた89Zr錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外濾過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。精製後の89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCPは97.1%、RCYは73%であった。89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCP及びRCYの測定方法は、実施例1と同様に行った。
上記工程3で製造した89Zr錯体標識抗体をそれぞれ5mLエッペンチューブ(LoBind、エッペンドルフ社製)に一部抜き取り、保存緩衝液(84mg/L PS20含有19g/Lトレハロース水和物、470mg/L L-ヒスチジン塩酸塩、300mg/L L-ヒスチジン水溶液)で希釈した。
89Zr錯体標識抗体に含まれる凝集体の割合を、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)で確認した。液体クロマトグラフィー装置としてWater社製の2695型セパレーションモジュール又はe2695型セパレーションモジュールを用い、UV検出器としてWaters社製の2489型UV/Vis検出器を使用し、下記の条件で分析した。製造終了後の各成分の割合を表1に示す。
カラム:TOSOH TSKgel guardcolumnSWXL(6mm×4cm),TOSOH TSKgel G3000SWXL(5μm、7.8×30cm)×2本(直列)
カラム温度:25℃付近の一定温度
移動相:0.2mol/Lアルギニン塩酸塩含有0.1mol/Lリン酸緩衝液(pH6.8)
流量:毎分 1.0mL
面積測定範囲:30分
検出波長:280nm
抗原への結合活性はin vitro オートラジオグラフィー(ARG)で確認した。ATCC(American Type Culture Collection)から購入したHER2陽性のヒト卵巣がん細胞株であるSKOV3細胞およびHER2陰性のヒト乳がん細胞株であるMDA-MB-231細胞を雌性SCID Beigeマウス(日本チャールス・リバー)の脇腹皮下にそれぞれ5×106cells投与して担癌マウスを作製した。その後、SKOV3腫瘍およびMDA-MB-231腫瘍を摘出してティシュー・テック O.C.T.コンパウンド(サクラファインテックジャパン)に包埋して凍結切片を作製した。1%ウシ血清アルブミン含有PBSに実施例1および比較例1で得られた放射性複合体をそれぞれ5kBq/mLとなるように添加し、SKOV3腫瘍切片およびMDA-MB-231腫瘍切片を浸漬した。切片をイメージングプレートにコンタクトした後、スキャナータイプ画像解析装置(GEヘルスケアジャパン製、Typhoon FLA 7000)で読み取り、切片に結合した放射能を評価した。結果を図1に示す。図中の縦軸は,組織中に任意の関心領域(ROI)を設定し、その単位面積当たりの強度を定量し、標準線源Std.の強度で除した値を示す(標準線源:切片を浸漬した放射性複合体含む溶液を5μLスポット)。ROIは組織中に10個設定し、その標準偏差を取った。
実施例1および比較例1の記載に従って製造したいずれの放射性複合体でもHER2に対する結合活性が確認された。実施例1および比較例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体はHER2が陽性であるSKOV3腫瘍切片により強く結合し、HER2が陰性であるMDA-MB-231腫瘍切片には結合せず、HER2選択的な結合を示した。
一方、糖鎖を切断した抗体も切断していない抗体もHER2ヘの結合能に違いはなかった。
マウスを用いて、SKOV3細胞の皮下担癌のモデルを作製し、実施例1及び比較例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体の生体内における各組織への分布を確認した。SKOV3細胞を、50%マトリゲルを含むPBSに懸濁し、5週齢の雌性NSG(正式系統名:NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl /SzJ)マウス(日本チャールス・リバー)の左鼠径部皮下に5×106cells移植して担癌マウスを作製した。腫瘍体積がおおよそ50~200mm3となるまで担癌マウスを飼育し、実施例1又は比較例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体を0.5~0.6MBq/匹(各n=3)の用量で尾静脈内投与した。各放射性複合体の投与24、48及び120時間後に、イソフルラン麻酔下にて心臓から採血を行い、心臓、肺、肝臓、脾臓、膵臓、胃、小腸、大腸、腎臓、膀胱、大腿筋、大腿骨、皮膚、腫瘍を採取し、それ以外の組織を残全身として回収した。各放射性複合体を投与したマウスは、解剖時間点まで代謝ケージで飼育し、糞及び尿を採取した。採取した各組織、血液の重量を測定し、γ線シンチレーション測定装置(JDC-1712,日立製作所)にて各組織、血液、糞および尿の計数率を測定した。得られた組織重量及び計数率から、単位重量当たりの集積率(%ID/g)を算出した。結果を図2に示す。
(1.脱グリコシル化抗体調製工程)(工程1)
実施例1に記載した脱グリコシル化抗体と抗体修飾リンカーを用いて、抗体修飾リンカーによる抗体の修飾を行い、さらに実施例1に記載した一価抗体の分離精製法で得られた第一の抗体組成物を含む溶液を後述の標識工程に供した。
(2.錯体形成工程)(工程2)
DOTAGA-DBCOを、溶媒として0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)に分散させて、キレート剤を0.3mmol/L含む分散液とした。この分散液0.080mLと0.2mol/L塩酸水溶液0.034mLと、放射性金属源として225Acイオン含有溶液(0.2mol/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度157MBq/mL、ROSATOM製より調製、液量0.006mL)0.94MBqとを混合した反応液を加熱条件下で反応させて、225Ac錯体溶液を得た。その際のキレート剤と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート剤:225Acイオン=約12304:1であり、反応液の加熱条件は70℃、加熱時間は30分とした。
上述の工程2を経て得られた未精製のままの225Ac錯体の溶液に工程1で得られたペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液を0.117mL添加し、37℃で1.5時間クリック反応させ、225Ac錯体標識抗体を得た。反応時のDBCOとアジドのモル比は約1:1.5であった。未精製時の225Ac錯体標識抗体の反応率は77.6%であった。
さらに、得られた225Ac錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。精製後の225Ac錯体標識抗体のRCPは99.4%、RCYは62.0%であった。225Ac錯体標識抗体のRCPおよびRCYの測定は、実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
上記工程3で製造した225Ac錯体標識脱グリコシル化抗体を実施例1と同様に保存緩衝液で希釈した。
(1.抗体調製工程)(工程1)
比較例1に記載した脱グリコシル化されていない抗体と抗体修飾リンカーを用いて、抗体修飾リンカーによる抗体の修飾を行い、さらに実施例1に記載した一価抗体の分離精製法で得られた第一の抗体組成物を含む溶液を後述の標識工程に供した。
(2.錯体形成工程)(工程2)
DOTAGA-DBCOを、溶媒として0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)に分散させて、キレート剤を0.3mmol/L含む分散液とした。この分散液0.080mLと0.2mol/L塩酸水溶液0.034mLと、放射性金属源として225Acイオン含有溶液(0.2mol-/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度157MBq/mL、ROSATOM製より調製、液量0.006mL)0.94MBqとを混合した反応液を加熱条件下で反応させて、225Ac錯体溶液を得た。その際のキレート剤と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート剤:225Acイオン=約12304:1であり、反応液の加熱条件は70℃、加熱時間は30分とした。
上述の工程2を経て得られた未精製のままの225Ac錯体の溶液に工程1で得られたペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液を0.137mL添加し、37℃で1時間クリック反応させることで、225Ac錯体標識抗体を得た。反応時のDBCOとアジドのモル比は約1:1.7であった。未精製時の225Ac錯体標識抗体の反応率は79.8%であった。
さらに、37℃で2時間反応させて得られた225Ac錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。精製後の225Ac錯体標識抗体のRCPは99.7%、RCYは60.9%であった。225Ac錯体標識抗体のRCPおよびRCYの測定は,実施例1と同様に行った。
上記工程3で製造した225Ac錯体標識抗体を比較例1と同様に保存緩衝液で希釈した。
225Ac錯体標識抗体に凝集体が含まれるかを、動的光散乱法(DLS)で確認した。DLS測定装置としてWYATT社製DynaPro NanoStar(製造番号:693-DPN)を用い、下記の条件で分析した。製造終了後の平均粒子径は、225Ac錯体標識脱グリコシル化抗体で10.6nm、225Ac錯体標識糖鎖未処理抗体では9.2nmであった。いずれも抗体の平均的な粒子径である9~12nmの範囲内であったことから凝集等の進行は示唆されなかった。
測定時間:5秒
測定間隔:1秒
測定回数:10回×3回
測定温度:25℃
レーザー波長:658nm
レーザー出力:10~100mW(可変)
評価2に記載した方法と同様にSKOV3腫瘍およびMDA-MB-231腫瘍の凍結切片を作製した。1%ウシ血清アルブミン含有PBSに実施例2および比較例2で得られた放射性複合体をそれぞれ1kBq/mLとなるように添加し、SKOV3腫瘍切片およびMDA-MB-231腫瘍切片を浸漬した。評価2に記載した方法と同様に切片に結合した放射能を評価した結果を図4に示す。
実施例2および比較例2の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体はHER2が陽性であるSKOV3腫瘍切片により強く結合し、HER2が陰性であるMDA-MB-231腫瘍切片には結合せず、HER2選択的な結合を示した。一方、糖鎖を切断した抗体も切断していない抗体もHER2ヘの結合能に違いはなかった。
マウスを用いてSKOV3の皮下担癌モデルを作製し、実施例2及び比較例2の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体の抗腫瘍効果を確認した。
SKOV3細胞を、50%マトリゲルを含むMcCoy’s 5A培地(gibco社製)に懸濁し、5週齢の雌性NSGマウス(ジャクソンラボラトリージャパン社製)の右肩皮下に5×106cells投与して担癌マウスを作製した。腫瘍体積がおおよそ50~200mm3になるまで成長させ、腫瘍径測定に適した形状の個体から無作為に群分けを実施した。その際の各マウスの腫瘍体積と体重を表2に示す。腫瘍体積は以下の式に従って算出した。
腫瘍体積(mm3)=(腫瘍長径×(腫瘍短径)2)×1/2
(1.抗体調製工程)(工程1)
抗体は脱グリコシル化されたCetuximabを用いた。抗体修飾リンカーは実施例1に記載のものと同じものを使用し、一価抗体の分離精製も実施例1と同様に実施した。
(2.錯体形成工程)(工程2)
錯体形成時の放射能を87.7MBqとした以外は実施例1と同様に実施した。
得られた89Zr錯体のRCPを実施例1と同様に測定した。その結果、89Zr錯体のRCPは97.8%であった。得られた89Zr錯体溶液から0.03mL(25.9MBq、配位子3nmоl分)を標識工程に用いた。
抗体として脱グリコシル化されたCetuximabを用いて、反応時のDBCOとアジドのモル比は約1:1.2とした以外は実施例1と同様に実施した。未精製時の89Zr錯体標識抗体の反応率は56.1%であった。
さらに、得られた89Zr錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。精製後の89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCPは93.9%、RCYは46.6%であった。89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCPおよびRCYの測定は,実施例1と同様に行った。
上記工程3の89Zr錯体標識脱グリコシル化抗体を5mLエッペンチューブ(LoBind、エッペンドルフ社製)に一部抜き取り、保存緩衝液(100mg/L PS20含有5844mg/L塩化ナトリウム、7507mg/Lグリシン、2101mg/Lクエン酸水和物水溶液))で希釈した。
(1.抗体調製工程)(工程1)
抗体は脱グリコシル化されていないCetuximabを用いた。抗体修飾リンカーは実施例1に記載のものと同じものを使用し、一価抗体の分離精製も実施例1と同様に実施した。
(2.錯体形成工程)(工程2)
実施例3と同様に実施した。
得られた89Zr錯体のRCPを実施例1と同様に測定した。その結果、89Zr錯体のRCPは97.8%であった。得られた89Zr錯体溶液から0.03mL(28.7MBq、配位子3nmоl分)を標識工程に用いた。
抗体として脱グリコシル化されていないCetuximabを用いて、反応時のDBCOとアジドのモル比は約1:1.2とした以外は実施例1と同様に実施した。未精製時の89Zr錯体標識抗体の反応率は51.4%であった。
さらに、得られた89Zr錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。精製後の89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCPは93.8%、RCYは50.7%であった。89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCPおよびRCYの測定は,実施例1と同様に行った。
上記工程3の89Zr錯体標識抗体(脱グリコシル化されていない)を5mLエッペンチューブ(LoBind、エッペンドルフ社製)に一部抜き取り、保存緩衝液(100mg/L PS20含有5844mg/L塩化ナトリウム、7507mg/Lグリシン、2101mg/Lクエン酸水和物水溶液)で希釈した。
実施例3、比較例3で製造した89Zr錯体標識抗体に含まれる凝集体の割合を、評価1と同様にSECで分析した。HPLC条件は、評価1と同様に設定した。製造終了後の各成分の割合を表3に示す。
評価2に記載した方法と同様に腫瘍の凍結切片を作製した。ただし、陽性切片にはNSGマウスにより作製したA431切片を用い、陰性切片の代用として、SCID Beigeマウスで作製した低発現切片であるSNU-16切片を使用した。結果を図8に示す。
実施例3および比較例3の記載に従って製造したいずれの放射性複合体でもEGFRに対する結合活性が確認された。89Zr錯体標識抗体はEGFRが陽性であるA431腫瘍切片により強く結合し、EGFRが低発現であるSNU-16腫瘍切片にはより低い結合性を示し、EGFR選択的な結合を示した。一方、脱グリコシル化抗体も糖鎖未処理抗体もEGFRヘの結合能に違いはなかった。
評価3と同様に、マウスを用いてA431腫瘍の皮下移植モデルを作製し、実施例3及び比較例3の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体の生体内における各組織への分布を確認した。A431細胞を、DMEM培地(gibco社製)に懸濁し、5週齢の雌性NSGマウス(ジャクソンラボラトリージャパン社製)の右肩皮下に5×106cells移植して担癌マウスを作製した。腫瘍体積がおおよそ50~200mm3となるまで担癌マウスを飼育し、89Zr錯体標識抗体をそれぞれ0.5~0.6MBq/匹(各群n=4)の用量で尾静脈内投与した。各放射性複合体の投与24、48及び120時間後に、 イソフルラン麻酔下にて心臓から採血を行い、心臓、肺、脾臓、膵臓、胃、小腸、大腸、大腿筋、大腿骨、皮膚、腫瘍、腎臓、肝臓を採取し、それ以外の組織を残全身として回収した。各放射性複合体を投与したマウスは、解剖時間点まで代謝ケージで飼育し、糞及び尿を採取した。採取した各組織、血液の重量を測定し、γ線シンチレーション測定装置(JDC-1712、日立製作所)にて各組織、血液、糞および尿の計数率を測定した。得られた組織重量及び計数率から、単位重量当たりの集積率(%ID/g)を算出した。結果を図9に示す。グラフの縦軸は、各組織の単位重量当たりの集積率を示す。
Claims (16)
- 放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体との複合体であって、
該キレート剤が、リンカーを介して、前記抗体のFc領域を部位特異的に修飾している、複合体。 - 該リンカーが、下記式(i)で表される、13以上17以下のアミノ酸残基からなる抗体修飾ペプチドを含む、請求項1に記載の複合体。
(Xa)-Xaa1-(Xb)-Xaa2-(Xc)-Xaa3-(Xd)・・・(i)
(式中、Xa、Xb、Xc及びXdは、それぞれ、連続するa個のX、連続するb個のX、連続するc個のX、及び連続するd個のXを表し、
Xは、側鎖にチオール基及びハロアセチル基のいずれも有しないアミノ酸残基であり、
a、b、c及びdはそれぞれ独立に1以上5以下の整数で、かつa+b+c+d≦14を満たし、
Xaa1及びXaa3は、それぞれ独立に、
側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、かつ、ジスルフィド結合を介して結合しているか若しくはスルフィド基がリンカーを介して結合しており、又は、
一方が、側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、他方が、側鎖にハロアセチル基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、かつ、チオエーテル結合を介して結合しており、
Xaa2は、リシン残基、アルギニン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸である。) - 該抗体修飾ペプチドが、前記式(i)中、Xaa2がリシン残基である、請求項2に記載の複合体。
- 該抗体修飾ペプチドが、配列番号2(ただし、Xaa2はリシン残基である)で表されるアミノ酸配列からなる抗体修飾ペプチドを含む、請求項2記載の複合体。
- 該キレート剤が、下記式(A)で表される化合物又はその塩に由来する構造を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の複合体。
- 該リンカーが、クリック反応で形成された結合基を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の複合体。
- 該放射性核種がAc-225、Y-90、Lu-177又はZr-89である、請求項1又は2に記載の複合体。
- 放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体との複合体であって、
該放射性核種がアクチニウム-225(Ac-225)である、複合体。 - 該脱グリコシル化された抗体がヒトIgG抗体である、請求項1又は8に記載の複合体。
- 脱グリコシル化がN型糖鎖の切断による、請求項1又は8に記載の複合体。
- 請求項1又は8に記載の複合体を有効成分として含有する、放射性医薬。
- がんのRI内用療法に用いられる、請求項11に記載の放射性医薬。
- がんの診断に用いられる、請求項11記載に記載の放射性医薬。
- 放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と、脱グリコシル化された抗体とを複合化して、該キレート剤と該抗体との複合体を生成する複合化工程を含む、請求項1又は8に記載の複合体の製造方法。
- 該複合化工程がクリック反応を実行することにより実施される、請求項14記載の製造方法。
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