JP4723240B2 - 燃焼ガスからの水銀除去のための吸着材とその方法 - Google Patents
燃焼ガスからの水銀除去のための吸着材とその方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4723240B2 JP4723240B2 JP2004501652A JP2004501652A JP4723240B2 JP 4723240 B2 JP4723240 B2 JP 4723240B2 JP 2004501652 A JP2004501652 A JP 2004501652A JP 2004501652 A JP2004501652 A JP 2004501652A JP 4723240 B2 JP4723240 B2 JP 4723240B2
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- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- bromine
- gas
- adsorbent
- carbon substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 241
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 220
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 143
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 173
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 47
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 29
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910000474 mercury oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Hg]=O UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010042602 Supraventricular extrasystoles Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 231100001244 hazardous air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002497 iodine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 carbon halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodine aqueous Chemical compound [K+].I[I-]I DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATFJOPNBIKXOBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].[C] Chemical compound [Br].[C] ATFJOPNBIKXOBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQDZSSLDYLFYQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Hg].[I] Chemical compound [Hg].[I] FQDZSSLDYLFYQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical class Br* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
- B03C3/013—Conditioning by chemical additives, e.g. with SO3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40001—Methods relating to additional, e.g. intermediate, treatment of process gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S95/00—Gas separation: processes
- Y10S95/90—Solid sorbent
- Y10S95/901—Activated carbon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
(0001)この出願は「燃焼ガスからの水銀除去法」と題する2002年5月6日出願アメリカ合衆国仮出願No. 60/377,790の優先権を主張する。仮出願は、この出願の中で全体を参照する形で統合されている。
(0002)アメリカ合衆国政府は、空軍契約No. F08637‐95‐C6036及び環境省契約68D50142によってこの発明にある程度の権利を持つ。両契約は、ソルベント テクノロジー社(Sorbent Technologies Corporation)に授与されている。
1.本発明の技術分野
(0003)本発明は、燃焼ガス流から水銀を除去することに関連しているが、さらに具体的には、石炭火力発電所からの水銀排出量を削減するために、ハロゲン化炭素を使用することに更に限定される。
(0004)水銀に環境影響と毒性があることは、よく知られていることである。このため、たとえば塩素−アルカリプラントのような工業工程周辺の気流、あるいは、アマルガムを使用している歯科診療所から出る空気など、人々が直接水銀蒸気に曝されるおそれのある場所から水銀を除去する必要がしばしばある。同様に、使用中の設備を水銀が腐食する場所の天然ガスや炭化水素気流、排出物が環境汚染を引き起こす可能性のある場所の廃水、または、環境に排出されたことでメチル化及び食物連鎖により生物濃縮が起こる可能性のある場所である廃棄物焼却場の熱燃焼排ガスから水銀を封鎖する必要がある。それぞれの気流と水流は異なる特性を持つため、効果的で適切な水銀除去法もあるが、効果がなく不適切となる除去法もある。このため、様々な流体から水銀類を効果的に取り除く多種の方法が、何年にもわたって開発されてきた。これらの方法の中には、液体スクラバー技術、均一ガス相技術、金属アマルガム技術などがあるほか、様々な応用分野で吸着物質を使用する方法があり、これらの吸着材では様々な反応を選択的に利用している。
「水銀排出削減のための有効な方法に関して、EPAはアメリカ合衆国において現在使用されているどの付加制御技術が施設排出物から効果的に除去できるのか決定していない。」(ページ ES‐18)
過去において、いくつかの応用例の中で活性炭が水銀蒸気封鎖に有用性を示した。ハロゲン化合物と組み合わせた場合、活性炭の水銀封鎖性能を改善できる。特に、常温における大気からの元素水銀蒸気の捕集に関して、ヨウ素またはヨウ化物による含浸で粒状活性炭の能力が増大することが、かなり以前から知られている。たとえば、ストック(Stock) のU.S. 1,984,164は、環境大気から水銀を取り除くとき、活性炭にハロゲン、特にヨウ素を負荷することの利点を示している。また、ドレイベルビス(Dreibelbis)らのU.S. 3,194,629,は、活性炭にヨウ素−ヨウ化カリウムの混合物を負荷している。ルヴォワー(Revoir)のU.S. 3,662,523では、ICIやICl3などのハロゲン間化合物を活性炭フィルターエレメントに負荷することで結果が改善したと主張し、アンダーソン(Anderson) らのU.S. 3,956,458では基本イオウフィルターにヨウ素含浸フィルターを追加使用することを推奨している。デジョン(deJong)らはU.S. 4,196,173で、水素の浄化またはビルの換気のために、代わりに塩素処理をした活性炭フィルターの前に元素塩素ガスを注入する効果を報告している。
「イオウ、ヨウ素、塩素塩およびCa(OH)2含浸活性炭は、水銀除去効率を確実に増大させるが、さらにテストを行う必要がある。(しかしながら、)改良した活性炭のコストは、改良してない活性炭より20倍ほど高価である。」(ページ13‐42)
本発明のこれらの目的及びその他の目的は、水銀と水銀含有化合物を排出ガス系中の燃焼ガスから除去する方法によって達成される。この方法には、水銀吸着材の提供段階、水銀吸着材を水銀含有燃焼ガス気流中に十分な回数吸着材を注入して燃焼ガス中の水銀及び水銀含有化合物を少なくとも有効な量水銀吸着材に吸着する段階、そして、燃焼ガス気流から水銀吸着材を集めて除去する段階がある。水銀吸着材は、炭素基質を充分な量の臭素含有ガスで充分な回数処理して、水銀と水銀含有化合物を吸着する炭素基質の能力を高めることで調製される。
本発明の水銀封鎖の請求には5つの基本要素がある。最初の3つは、(1)粉末活性炭(PAC)のような炭素ベースの吸着材が、(2)蒸気状水銀種を(3)燃焼生成物の熱い流動気流から捕集、濃縮するものである。4番目に必要とされるのは、吸着材が(4)流動ガス中に注入され、ガスと確実に混合され、そして、特殊なコレクター中でガスから分離されることである。本発明の5番目で最後の基本要素は、炭素材料(5)が水銀含有燃焼ガスと混合される前に、臭素含有処理ガスに暴露されることであり、このことにより気体水銀種と特に反応性が高い複合表面が形成されるものと思われる。
図2は、燃焼気流のために吸着材を応用しており、ここで布フィルター(バグハウス)が燃焼の間に発生するフライアッシュを集めるために用いられる。石炭、廃棄物又は他の燃料がボイラー11で燃焼され、水銀含有煙道ガスを発生するが、これは蒸気チューブとエコノマイザー21で冷却される。このガスは通常ダクト配管61を通して気体プレヒーター22に送られ、気体プレヒーターから出るダクト配管62中で約300‐400℃から約150‐200℃にガス温度を落とす。
この例では、ノリト ダルコ FGD(Norit Darco FGD)PACが本発明にしたがってBr2(g)10wt%に臭素化された。この試料の一部は、アイベ(Aibe)らのU.S.4,427,630に示されているように、さらに非揮発性酸H3PO4で15wt%に含浸された。双方の試料を実施例1の工程に従ってテストし、図10の 漏出曲線が得られた。付加酸処理段階は、水銀捕集に関して何の効果もない。
多くの臭素化吸着材試料がこれらのユニットの標準条件下で試験されたが、元素水銀試験ガスには400ppmSO2、200ppm Nox、2ppm HCl及び7%H2Oを含み、酸化水銀試験ガスには400ppm SO2、400ppm Nox、50ppm HCl及び 7%H2Oを含む。吸着材は砂に対し2mg/gで負荷され、また、試験は135℃で非処理PACを中心に行ったが、この吸着材は更に温度を上げるとうまく機能しなくなった。
本発明は、添付した図を参照することによりよく理解できるであろう。ここで、特定の対象に特定の参照番号を付すことにより、それぞれが特定される。また、この中で、
Claims (17)
- 排出ガス系の燃焼ガスから水銀及び水銀含有化合物を除去する方法であって、
先ず、水銀吸着材が、炭素基質を有効な量の臭素含有ガスに150℃以上(150℃は除く。)の温度で接触させて処理して、水銀と水銀含有化合物を吸着する炭素基質の能力を高めることで調製される段階であって、臭素含有ガスは気体臭素(Br2)である段階と、
前記段階で調製された水銀吸着材を水銀含有燃焼ガス気流に注入して水銀吸着材上に燃焼ガス中の水銀及び水銀含有化合物を吸着させる段階と、
その後、燃焼気流から水銀吸着材を集めて除去する段階、とを含む排出ガス系の燃焼ガスから水銀及び水銀含有化合物を除去する方法。 - 炭素基質を有効な量の臭素含有ガスに接触させる前に、炭素基質を100℃以上の温度で加熱し、乾燥させる工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 排出ガス系の燃焼ガスから水銀及び水銀含有化合物を除去する方法であって、
炭素基質を100℃以上の温度で加熱し、乾燥させる工程の後、
水銀吸着材が、炭素基質を有効な量の臭素含有ガスに150℃以上(150℃は除く。)の温度で接触させて処理して、水銀と水銀含有化合物を吸着する炭素基質の能力を高めることで調製される段階と、
前記段階で調製された水銀吸着材を水銀含有燃焼ガス気流に注入して水銀吸着材上に燃焼ガス中の水銀及び水銀含有化合物を吸着させる段階と、
その後、燃焼気流から水銀吸着材を集めて除去する段階、とを含む排出ガス系の燃焼ガスから水銀及び水銀含有化合物を除去する方法。 - 臭素含有ガスは気体臭素(Br2)である請求項3に記載の方法。
- 臭素含有ガスに臭化水素を含む請求項3に記載の方法。
- 炭素基質に活性炭が含まれる請求項1から5のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 炭素基質又は水銀吸着材が、燃焼ガス気流中で流動化できるように粒子サイズに細かくされている、請求項1から6のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 臭素含有ガスを炭素基質に接触させた後、臭素含有ガス及び炭素基質を保持している容器を減圧すること、臭素含有ガス及び炭素基質を保持している容器を空気又は不活性ガスでパージすること、又は、臭素含有ガスを炭素基質に接触させた温度より高い温度に水銀吸着材を加熱すること、の内から選択されるいずれか1つ以上の工程を行う請求項1から7のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水銀吸着材の製造方法であって、
炭素基質を用い、
臭素含有ガスとして気体臭素(Br 2 )を用い、また、
炭素基質を気体臭素(Br 2 )に150℃以上(150℃は除く。)の温度で接触させて炭素基質の水銀吸着能を増大させる工程を含む水銀吸着材の製造方法。 - 炭素基質を気体臭素(Br 2 )に接触させる前に、炭素基質を100℃以上の温度で加熱し、乾燥させる工程を含む請求項9に記載の方法。
- 水銀吸着材の製造方法であって、
炭素基質を用い、
臭素含有ガスを用い、また、
炭素基質を100℃以上の温度で加熱し、乾燥させた後、炭素基質を臭素含有ガスに150℃以上(150℃は除く。)の温度で接触させて炭素基質の水銀吸着能を増大させる工程を含む水銀吸着材の製造方法。 - 臭素含有ガスは気体臭素(Br 2 )である請求項11に記載の方法。
- 臭素含有ガスに臭化水素を含む請求項11に記載の方法。
- 炭素基質が活性炭である請求項9から13のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 燃焼気流のダクト配管中で流動化可能とするために、炭素基質又は水銀吸着材の供給粒子サイズを小さくする工程を含む請求項9から14のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 臭素含有ガスを炭素基質に接触させた後、臭素含有ガス及び炭素基質を保持している容器を減圧すること、臭素含有ガス及び炭素基質を保持している容器を空気又は不活性ガスでパージすること、又は、臭素含有ガスを炭素基質に接触させた温度より高い温度に水銀吸着材を加熱すること、の内から選択されるいずれか1つ以上の工程を行う請求項9から15のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項9から16のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法にしたがって調製された水銀吸着材。
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CN116272864B (zh) * | 2023-02-24 | 2024-08-30 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | 一种用于脱除烟气中汞、三氧化硫的吸附剂及其制备方法 |
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- 2003-05-06 US US10/430,721 patent/US20030206843A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
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CN1665947A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
WO2003093518A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
ATE437246T1 (de) | 2009-08-15 |
US20040003716A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
US20030206843A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
KR100991761B1 (ko) | 2010-11-03 |
CA2522258C (en) | 2011-08-23 |
EP1509629A4 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
EP1509629A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
AU2003232092A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
CA2522258A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
WO2003092861A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
CN100340683C (zh) | 2007-10-03 |
AU2003232091B2 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
US6953494B2 (en) | 2005-10-11 |
EP1509629B1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
AU2003232091A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
JP2005524769A (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
DE60328489D1 (de) | 2009-09-03 |
KR20050058996A (ko) | 2005-06-17 |
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