JP4716304B2 - 水素吸蔵合金の吸放出方法および水素吸蔵合金並びに該方法を用いた燃料電池 - Google Patents
水素吸蔵合金の吸放出方法および水素吸蔵合金並びに該方法を用いた燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4716304B2 JP4716304B2 JP2002532158A JP2002532158A JP4716304B2 JP 4716304 B2 JP4716304 B2 JP 4716304B2 JP 2002532158 A JP2002532158 A JP 2002532158A JP 2002532158 A JP2002532158 A JP 2002532158A JP 4716304 B2 JP4716304 B2 JP 4716304B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1642—Controlling the product
- C01B2203/1671—Controlling the composition of the product
- C01B2203/1676—Measuring the composition of the product
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
また、本発明の水素吸蔵合金は、PCT曲線に二段プラトー特性もしくは傾斜プラトー特性を有しており、PCT曲線の低圧領域を不安定化することにより有効利用できる水素を増大させ得る。
これらの特徴によれば、従来において放出されず、利用されることのなかったPCT曲線低圧領城の吸蔵水素を放出末期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T2)を高温とすることにより、容易に放出させることができ、利用可能な水素として取り出すことが可能となり、結果的にこれら水素吸蔵合金において利用可能な水素量を増大させることができる。
本実施例では、PCT曲線低圧領域に傾斜プラトーを有する体心立方型水素吸蔵合金を用い、水素放出末期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T2)が水素吸収過程における水素吸蔵合金温度(T0)および水素放出初期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T1)より高い温度(T2>T1≧T0)とすることで優れた吸蔵量とサイクル劣化の効果的抑制が可能なことを示す。
本実施例では、水素吸蔵合金を内包する水素貯蔵タンクと、前記水素吸蔵合金を直接或いは該吸蔵合金の雰囲気温度を上昇または冷却させる温度調節手段と、該水素貯蔵タンクより供給される水素を化学変化させることにより電力を出力可能な燃料電池セルと、水素放出末期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T2)が水素吸収過程における水素吸蔵合金温度(T0)および水素放出初期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T1)より高い温度(T2>T1≧T0)とする制御を行う制御部とを具備することを特徴とする燃料電池の構成図および、燃料電池セルにて得られる電力量を増大ならびにサイクル劣化を抑制させる方法を示す。
Claims (10)
- 二段プラトー特性もしくは傾斜プラトー特性を有する体心立方型水素吸蔵合金に対して水素加圧と減圧とを適宜繰り返し実施して水素の吸収放出を行う吸放出方法であって、水素放出末期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T2)が水素吸収過程における水素吸蔵合金温度(T0)および水素放出初期過程の 水素吸蔵合金温度(T1)より高い温度(T2>T1≧T0)とすること、そして、該体心立方型水素吸蔵合金は、一般式、Ti X Cr Y M Z 、但し、Mは、元素周期表におけるIIa、IIIa、IVa、Va、VIa、VIIa、VIII、IIIb、IVb族元素の1種または2種以上、20≦X+Y <100原子%、0.5≦Y/X≦2、0<Z≦80原子%であり、不可避的に混入する酸素または窒素と不可避的に生成する最小限のスピノーダル分解相とを含む水素吸蔵合金であることを特徴とする水素吸蔵合金の水素吸放出方法。
- 水素放出末期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T2)が150℃以下である請求項1に記載の水素吸放出方法。
- 水素放出過程において水素吸蔵合金中の水素が50%以下の任意の残存量に減少した時点以降を水素放出末期過程とする請求項1もしくは請求項2に記載の水素吸放出方法。
- 水素放出過程において水素吸蔵合金中の水素が25%以下の任意の残存量に減少した時点以降を水素放出末期過程とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の水素吸放出方法。
- 水素吸蔵合金と水素の反応において、水素放出末期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T2)が水素吸収過程における水素吸蔵合金温度(T0)および水素放出初期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T1)より高い温度(T2>T1≧T0)として水素の吸放出を行う水素吸蔵合金であり、該水素吸蔵合金が二段プラトー特性もしくは傾斜プラトー特性を有し、且つ、一般式、Ti X Cr Y M Z 、但し、Mは、元素周期表におけるIIa、IIIa、IVa、Va、VIa、VIIa、VIII、IIIb、IVb族元素の1種または2種以上、20≦X+Y <100原子%、0.5≦Y/X≦2、0<Z≦80原子%であり、不可避的に混入する酸素または窒素と不可避的に生成する最小限のスピノーダル分解相とを含む体心立方型水素吸蔵合金であることを特徴とする水素吸蔵合金。
- 添加元素Mとして、Vを60原子%以下含有する請求項5に記載の水素吸蔵合金。
- 添加元素Mとして、Mo,Al,Mnおよび希土類元素の一種または2種以上を10原子%以下含有する請求項5あるいは請求項6に記載の水素吸蔵合金。
- 水素吸蔵合金を内包する水素貯蔵タンクと、前記水素吸蔵合金を直接或いは該吸蔵合金の雰囲気温度を上昇または冷却させる温度調節手段と、該水素貯蔵タンクより供給される水素を化学変化させることにより電力を出力可能な燃料電池セルと、水素放出末期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T2)が水素吸収過程における水素吸蔵合金温度(T0)および水素放出初期過程の水素吸蔵合金温度(T1)より高い温度(T2>T1≧T0)とする制御を行う制御部とを具備すること、そして、該水素吸蔵合金は、一般式、Ti X Cr Y M Z 、但し、Mは、元素周期表におけるIIa、IIIa、IVa、Va、VIa、VIIa、VIII、IIIb、IVb族元素の1種または2種以上、20≦X+Y <100原子%、0.5≦Y/X≦2、0<Z≦80原子%であり、不可避的に混入する酸素または窒素と不可避的に生成する最小限のスピノーダル分解相とを含む体心立方型水素吸蔵合金であることを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 前記制御部が、前記水素貯蔵タンクと前記燃料電池セルに供給される水素ガスの圧力、温度、流量を適宜制御可能とされている請求項8に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記温度調節手段が、前記燃料電池セルから放出される熱または、該燃料電池セルから排出される排出ガスの熱を前記昇温に利用可能とされている請求項8または請求項9に記載の燃料電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/006869 WO2002028767A1 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2000-10-02 | Method of absorption-desorption of hydrogen storage alloy and hydrogen storage alloy and fuel cell using said method |
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JPWO2002028767A1 JPWO2002028767A1 (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
JP4716304B2 true JP4716304B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
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JP2002532158A Expired - Fee Related JP4716304B2 (ja) | 2000-10-02 | 2000-10-02 | 水素吸蔵合金の吸放出方法および水素吸蔵合金並びに該方法を用いた燃料電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20040011444A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1327606A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4716304B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2424861A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002028767A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7108757B2 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2006-09-19 | Ovonic Hydrogen Systems Llc | Hydrogen storage alloys providing for the reversible storage of hydrogen at low temperatures |
EP1682815A2 (de) * | 2003-11-05 | 2006-07-26 | Future Camp GmbH | Speichersystem zum speichern eines mediums sowie verfahren zum beladen/entladen eines speichersystems mit einem speichermedium |
US7344676B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2008-03-18 | Ovonic Hydrogen Systems Llc | Hydrogen storage materials having excellent kinetics, capacity, and cycle stability |
EP1701403B1 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2008-11-05 | C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni | A system for feeding gaseous fuel, in particular hydrogen, for fuel cells |
KR100731146B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-22 | 주식회사 하이젠 | 수소 저장체의 수소 저장 성능 평가 장치 |
US7611566B2 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2009-11-03 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Direct gas recirculation heater for optimal desorption of gases in cryogenic gas storage containers |
DE102006052109A1 (de) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fluidspeicher mit Thermomanagement |
CN105911244B (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-11-13 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | 一种储氢合金的性能曲线的测试方法、装置及系统 |
AU2018313823B2 (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2023-09-28 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Metal-hydrogen batteries for large-scale energy storage |
CN114502756B (zh) * | 2019-08-05 | 2024-04-19 | 新南创新私人有限公司 | 制备储氢合金的方法 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5938293B2 (ja) * | 1982-06-09 | 1984-09-14 | 工業技術院長 | チタン−クロム−バナジウム系水素吸蔵用合金 |
JPH02170369A (ja) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-07-02 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 水素供給機能を有する燃料電池 |
JPH0477061B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-25 | 1992-12-07 | Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd | |
JPH0529014A (ja) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-05 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JPH07252560A (ja) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-10-03 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | 水素貯蔵材料 |
JPH08157998A (ja) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-18 | Imura Zairyo Kaihatsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 水素吸蔵合金及びその製造方法 |
JPH0931585A (ja) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-02-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 水素吸蔵合金 |
JPH10110225A (ja) * | 1996-10-03 | 1998-04-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 水素吸蔵合金およびその製造方法 |
JPH10158755A (ja) * | 1996-12-06 | 1998-06-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | Bcc型水素吸蔵合金の製造方法 |
JP2000345273A (ja) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-12-12 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | 水素吸蔵合金および該合金を用いた水素の吸放出方法並びに該方法を用いた水素燃料電池 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2002028768A1 (en) * | 2000-10-03 | 2002-04-11 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co., Ltd. | Method of absorption-desorption of hydrogen storage alloy and hydrogen storage alloy and fuel cell using said method |
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2000
- 2000-10-02 JP JP2002532158A patent/JP4716304B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-02 EP EP00963068A patent/EP1327606A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-02 CA CA002424861A patent/CA2424861A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-02 WO PCT/JP2000/006869 patent/WO2002028767A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-04-11 US US10/381,647 patent/US20040011444A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5938293B2 (ja) * | 1982-06-09 | 1984-09-14 | 工業技術院長 | チタン−クロム−バナジウム系水素吸蔵用合金 |
JPH0477061B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-25 | 1992-12-07 | Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd | |
JPH02170369A (ja) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-07-02 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 水素供給機能を有する燃料電池 |
JPH0529014A (ja) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-05 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JPH07252560A (ja) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-10-03 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | 水素貯蔵材料 |
JPH08157998A (ja) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-18 | Imura Zairyo Kaihatsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 水素吸蔵合金及びその製造方法 |
JPH0931585A (ja) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-02-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 水素吸蔵合金 |
JPH10110225A (ja) * | 1996-10-03 | 1998-04-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 水素吸蔵合金およびその製造方法 |
JPH10158755A (ja) * | 1996-12-06 | 1998-06-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | Bcc型水素吸蔵合金の製造方法 |
JP2000345273A (ja) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-12-12 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | 水素吸蔵合金および該合金を用いた水素の吸放出方法並びに該方法を用いた水素燃料電池 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2002028767A1 (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
US20040011444A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
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