JP4709923B2 - Large turbocharged diesel engine with energy recovery configuration - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a large turbocharged diesel engine equipped with one or more exhaust gas boilers, and more specifically, a large turbocharger comprising a power turbine driven by exhaust gas branched upstream of the turbine of the turbocharger. It relates to a feed type diesel engine.

European Patent No. 0434419 is a large two-cycle turbocharged diesel engine that recovers thermal energy from exhaust gas by combining a low pressure boiler of a turbocharger and a high pressure boiler of the turbocharger Is disclosed. When the engine load is low, the degree of recovery of the heat energy from the exhaust gas before directing the exhaust gas to the turbocharger is reduced by directing a proportion of the exhaust gas directly to the turbocharger bypassing the upstream boiler. However, if the boiler is disposed between the exhaust gas receiver and the turbine of the turbocharger, the overall structure becomes relatively large and complicated. Furthermore, the length of the flow path between the exhaust valve and the turbocharger is increased, so that the reaction of the turbocharger during acceleration is delayed. Furthermore, this engine only recovers heat and there is no facility to convert the recovered energy into a more useful form of energy such as rotational power or electricity.
EP0434419

  Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a turbocharged diesel engine of the type mentioned at the beginning which is smaller and easier to configure. The object is to provide a plurality of cylinders connected to the exhaust gas receiver via respective manifold pipes, an upstream exhaust gas conduit for directing exhaust gas from the exhaust gas receiver to the turbine inlet of the turbocharger, and a turbocharger turbine. A turbocharged diesel engine of the type comprising a downstream exhaust gas conduit for directing exhaust gas from the outlet of the exhaust to the outside and one or more exhaust gas boilers or heat exchangers for recovering thermal energy from the exhaust gas, At least one of the boiler or heat exchanger is accomplished by providing a turbocharged diesel engine that is located in the exhaust gas receiver.

  Efficiently, by physically placing one of the boilers in the exhaust stack, the system components are in a space-free part above the large turbocharged diesel engine, No more space is needed. Thus, this approach creates additional space around the engine and reduces the amount of piping. Furthermore, the boiler housing is omitted because the exhaust gas receiving housing has two functions. These two functions are to provide a cavity for storing and collecting exhaust gas from each cylinder and to provide a cavity for storing the boiler. Another advantage is that the pressure drop of the boiler can be accelerated by a factor of 3 over conventional structures without reducing engine performance. The accelerated pressure drop increases the gas velocity, thereby allowing the heat exchange surface to be significantly reduced (all other parameters are equivalent), resulting in a smaller boiler.

  The large turbocharged diesel engine may further include a preheating / evaporation boiler on the low pressure side of the turbocharger. In this case, the boiler disposed in the exhaust gas receiver is used to superheat the steam generated by the low pressure side boiler of the turbocharger. Thereby, in particular, the steam quality is improved when considering the use of superheated steam in a steam turbine.

  The large turbocharged diesel engine may further comprise a steam turbine driven by steam generated by one or more boilers. Thereby, the energy recovered from the exhaust gas is converted into a more useful form of energy. The power turbine may drive a generator that converts rotational force into electricity.

  The exhaust gas receiver may house several stages of multiple boilers or a single boiler. Therefore, the energy in the exhaust gas can be converted into steam more efficiently.

  The plurality of boilers may form a multi-stage steam superheated steam generation system comprising a preheat / evaporation boiler and a superheat / evaporation boiler.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a large turbocharged diesel engine with improved energy recovery from exhaust gas. The object is to provide a turbocharger having an exhaust gas-driven turbine connected to an intake air compressor, a first exhaust gas boiler provided on the high pressure side of the turbocharger, and a low pressure side of the turbocharger. This is achieved by a large turbocharged diesel engine including a second exhaust gas boiler and a power turbine driven by a part of the exhaust gas branched from the high pressure side of the turbocharger.

  Energy that can be recovered from the exhaust gas by using a combination of boilers provided on the high pressure side of the turbocharger turbine and by branching off part of the exhaust gas flow from the high pressure side of the turbocharger turbine The total amount of is improved. In particular, it is greatly improved in a situation where the driving state changes greatly. This is because the system is made to generate more heat through the boiler as opposed to generating more rotational energy by the power turbine. Thus, the system can help improve the overall fuel efficiency of stationary power plants as well as ocean-going vessel propulsion systems.

  In one form, all of the exhaust gas may flow through the first boiler, and a part of the exhaust gas for the power turbine branches downstream of the first exhaust gas boiler. In this way, the total amount of energy that can be recovered is maximized.

  In another form, only the branched exhaust gas may flow through the first boiler, so that the heat balance of the turbocharger is not affected, and in this way the turbocharger during acceleration The machine's turbine reactivity is guaranteed.

  The exhaust gas leaving the power turbine may be re-entered into the main exhaust stream on the low pressure side of the turbocharger. In this way it is ensured that all of the exhaust gas is subjected to a suitable aftertreatment, for example in an SCR reactor and / or a silencer.

  Preferably, the power turbine drives a generator. Thus, the recovered energy can be used to produce a very attractive and flexible form of energy.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a large two-cycle diesel engine that operates flexibly and has excellent energy recovery from exhaust gas.

  The purpose of this is a large supercharging type 2 comprising an exhaust gas turbine for driving a generator, an air supply compressor driven by an electric motor, and a heat exchanger for extracting heat from the exhaust gas provided on the high pressure side of the turbine. This is accomplished by providing a cycle diesel engine.

  Due to the absence of a shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor, the operating state of the engine can be controlled with additional degrees of freedom, while the use of heat exchangers on the high pressure side of the turbine allows the energy contained in the exhaust gas. Excellent recovery is ensured.

  Preferably, this engine does not comprise a turbocharger.

  A heat exchanger can be used to generate steam.

  The engine may further include means for accumulating a part of the electric energy generated by the generator and means for supplying the stored electric energy to the electric motor.

  Preferably, the engine may comprise means for controlling the distribution of electrical energy generated by the generator and stored energy.

  The engine may further comprise a steam turbine driven by steam generated with the aid of heat from a heat exchanger.

  Preferably, the heat exchanger is configured to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the heat exchanger to such an extent that the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the turbine downstream of the heat exchanger is below the outside air temperature.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a combustion engine that can be used in a cogeneration plant with very high fuel efficiency.

  The purpose of the present invention is a supercharged internal combustion engine for use in a cogeneration plant, and is an intake system for taking in air having an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature. An air intake system including a compressor for supplying to a cylinder of the engine, a turbine driven by exhaust gas, and a heat exchanger provided on the high pressure side of the turbine for extracting heat from the exhaust gas, the heat exchanger and the turbine Is achieved by providing a supercharged internal combustion engine configured to obtain an exhaust gas temperature below the outside air on the low pressure side of the turbine.

  By extracting a large amount of energy in the exhaust gas boiler on the high pressure side of the turbine, and by using a turbine having a relatively small effective turbine area, the already relatively cool exhaust gas in the turbine expands, so that the low pressure side of the turbine The temperature of the exhaust gas is far below the outside air. Therefore, the combustion engine itself changes to a heat pump that extracts low energy from its environment and converts it to high energy. Total fuel efficiency far exceeding 100% is available, very economical and environmentally friendly. The temperature of the exhaust gas can be as low as −40 ° C. Thus, the exhaust gas exiting the chimney of a power plant that uses such an engine may contain snow or similar crystals.

  Preferably, the exhaust gas temperature below the outside air is a large capacity heat exchanger to promote the temperature drop of the exhaust gas through the heat exchanger and a small effective to promote the temperature drop of the exhaust gas during its expansion in the turbine. And turbine area.

  Preferably, the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the cylinder is between 400 ° C. and 500 ° C., the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the exhaust gas boiler is less than 110 ° C., and the pressure of the exhaust gas exiting the boiler is greater than 2 bar.

  The turbine and compressor can be connected by a shaft to form a turbocharger. In this case, the engine may further include a power turbine that is driven by exhaust gas that branches from the exhaust gas flow to a turbocharger turbine downstream of the boiler.

  Preferably, the engine may further include a supply air humidification unit on a high pressure side of the compressor.

  Preferably, the pressure of the exhaust gas exiting the turbine is equal to or slightly above the outside air pressure.

  Preferably, the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the turbine is between -5 ° C and -40 ° C.

  Preferably, the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the turbine is below the outside air, at least when the engine is operating at its maximum continuous load.

  Preferably, the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the turbine may be between −5 ° C. and −40 ° C., at least when the engine is operating at its maximum continuous load.

  According to a further aspect of the present invention, an intake system for taking in air at an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature, the intake system comprising a compressor for supplying a supply air whose pressure exceeds the outside air to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine; A first turbine having a predetermined effective turbine area driven by exhaust gas, a second turbine having a predetermined effective turbine area driven by exhaust gas, and extracting heat from the exhaust gas provided on the high pressure side of the turbine And a means for selectively using one or both turbines to operate the engine at different exhaust gas temperatures on the low pressure side of the turbine.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, an intake system for taking in air at an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature, the intake system comprising a compressor for supplying a supply air whose pressure exceeds the outside air to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine And a turbine having a variable effective turbine area driven by the exhaust gas, and a heat exchanger provided on the high pressure side of the turbine for extracting heat from the exhaust gas.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for operating a supercharged combustion engine, wherein the supercharged combustion engine is an intake system for taking in air at an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature, and the pressure is outside air. An intake system having a compressor for supplying a supply air exceeding a cylinder to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, a first turbine having a predetermined effective turbine area driven by exhaust gas, and a predetermined effective turbine driven by exhaust gas A second turbine having an area and a heat exchanger provided on the high pressure side of the turbine for extracting heat from the exhaust gas so as to obtain different exhaust gas temperatures on the low pressure side of the one or more turbines A method is provided that includes selectively using.

  Further objects, features, advantages and characteristics of the supercharged combustion engine according to the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

  In the following detailed description section of this specification, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.

  In the following detailed description, a large turbocharged diesel engine according to the present invention in the form of a large two-cycle diesel engine will be described using a preferred embodiment.

  The structure and operation of large turbocharged diesel engines, such as crosshead large two-cycle diesel engines, are well known per se and do not require further explanation in their content. Further details regarding the supercharging and exhaust systems are provided below.

  FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment relating to the upper part of a large two-cycle diesel engine 1 according to the invention. The engine is provided with a plurality of cylinders arranged in a row with respect to each other. Each cylinder is provided with an exhaust valve (not shown) connected to the cylinder cover. The exhaust channel can be opened and closed by an exhaust valve. The manifold pipe connects each exhaust channel to the exhaust gas receiver 3. The exhaust gas receiver 3 is arranged in parallel with the one row of cylinders. The manifold pipe 40 opens to the exhaust gas receiver 3, and the exhaust conduit leads from the exhaust gas receiver to the turbine of the turbocharger. In engines with a very large number of cylinders (for example 10 or more cylinders), the exhaust receiver may be divided longitudinally into two or more parts (not shown).

  In the present embodiment, the exhaust gas receiver 3 has a cylindrical housing 42 provided with a detachable cover 44 at an end portion, as shown in FIG. The cylindrical housing 42 includes a heat exchanger 23, and the exhaust gas generates superheated steam through the heat exchanger. Therefore, the heat exchanger 23 plays a role as a boiler. The cylindrical housing 42 also includes a recovery duct 46 through which the manifold tube 40 emits exhaust gas.

  The cylindrical housing 42 of the exhaust gas receiver is divided into two heat exchanger parts 50a and 50b and a recovery duct part 46a and 46b as shown in FIG. Proximate to the exiting central exit chamber 52. Therefore, the structure of the exhaust gas receiver 3 is symmetric with respect to its radial center plane.

  Both areas 50a, 50b of the heat exchanger arrangement include several heat exchange elements that are arranged in series and are well known per se. These heat exchange elements are separated by a spacer 49. Each section 50a, 50b includes two heat exchange elements 57a, 58a, 57b, 58b, each extending in the direction of gas flow as indicated by the solid arrows, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical housing. Many existing pipes are provided. The flow directions of the respective heat exchanger portions 50a and 50b are opposite and are opposed to each other.

  The cross-sectional contours of the heat exchanger elements 57 a, 58 a, 57 b, 58 b arranged in an uneven manner have an arc shape in contact with the inner periphery of the cylindrical housing 42. The arcuate portion may be divided into smaller arcs (not shown) for ease of assembly.

  The cylindrical housing 42 of the exhaust gas receiver 3 is provided with a partition wall 63 that separates the heat exchanger element from the remaining cross section inside the exhaust gas receiver 3, and the cross section inside the exhaust gas receiver 3 has a channel that accommodates the heat exchanger element. Divided into channels that collect and direct the exhaust gas into channels having heat exchanger elements 57a, 58a, 57b, 58b.

  The latter channel (the channel in which the manifold tube 40 opens) guides the exhaust gas in the direction of the dashed arrow.

  The heating element can be stored in a channel that houses the heating element. The longitudinally outer heating element is separated from the inner heating element by a spacer 49. The assembly set is held in place by a fixed plate 66.

  The collection channels 46a and 46b have a funnel-like cross-sectional shape that opens in the radially outward direction. The manifold tube 40 is disposed so as to send exhaust gas to the respective recovery channels 46a and 46b.

  The collection channels 46a, 46b are separated from the central outlet chamber 52 by a side wall 69 connected to the front end of the collection channel. The collection channels 46a, 46b are open at their opposite ends at some distance from the removable cover 44. Accordingly, the reverse chambers 71a and 71b are formed in the end region of the exhaust gas receiving housing. Reverse chambers 71a, 71b connect the recovery channels 46a, 46b to the channel in which the heat exchanger section is accommodated. In this way, channels are formed on both sides of the outlet chamber 52 that connect the receiving channels 46a, 46b to the outlet chamber via the channel containing the heat exchanger element. The exhaust gas exiting the manifold tube 40 in each recovery channel 46a, 46b flows to the reverse chambers 71a, 71b, as indicated by the dashed arrows in FIG. 2, and from there, as indicated by the solid arrows, respectively. It flows through the heat exchanger elements 57a, 58a, 57b, 58b to the outlet chamber 52.

  Accordingly, the housing 42 of the exhaust gas receiver 3 functions so as to include both a cavity that stores the exhaust gas and a boiler that recovers thermal energy from the exhaust gas. By including the boiler inside the exhaust gas receiver, the space required for the exhaust boiler and the housing of the exhaust gas boiler can be saved.

  FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a crosshead type large turbocharged two-cycle diesel engine equipped with an intake and exhaust system. The engine 1 has an air supply receiver 2 and an exhaust gas receiver 3. The exhaust gas receiver 3 can be of the type described in the first embodiment, but is not necessarily of that type. The engine is provided with exhaust valves (one or more for each cylinder) not shown. The engine 1 may be used as, for example, a main engine of an ocean-going ship, or may be used as a stationary engine for operating a generator of a power plant. The total engine output may be in the range of, for example, 5,000 kW to 110,000 kW, but the present invention may be used in, for example, a four-cycle diesel engine having a 1,000 kW output.

  The air supply is passed from the air supply receiver 2 to the scavenging ports (not shown) of the individual cylinders. When the exhaust valve 4 is open, the exhaust gas flow flows to the exhaust receiver 3 via the manifold tube, proceeds from there and flows to the turbocharger turbine 6 via the first exhaust conduit 5, It exits from the turbine 6 via the second exhaust conduit 7. The turbine 6 drives a compressor 9 provided with respect to the air inlet 10 by means of a shaft 8. The compressor 9 supplies pressurized air supply to an air supply conduit 11 that leads to an air supply receiver 2.

  The intake air in the conduit 11 passes through the intercooler 12, which cools the scavenging air leaving the compressor 9 to a temperature of about 36 ° C at about 200 ° C.

  The cooled scavenging reaches the scavenging receiver 2 via an auxiliary blower 16 driven by an electric motor 17 that compresses the scavenging air (in many cases only in low or partial load conditions). At the time of high load, the scavenging supplied by the compressor 9 of the turbocharger is sufficient for operating the engine, and the auxiliary blower 16 is stopped. In this state, the auxiliary blower 16 is bypassed by the conduit 15.

  A first boiler 23, preferably in the form of a tube or fin type heat exchanger, is placed upstream of the turbine 6 (eg, the first exhaust conduit 5) using the heat energy of the exhaust gas and produces steam. . The temperature of the exhaust gas when entering the exhaust gas receiver 3 is about 455 ° C., and the temperature when entering the first boiler 23 is only slightly lower than that. The first boiler 23 can be an integral part of the exhaust gas receiver 3 as illustrated and described with reference to the first embodiment above.

  The exhaust conduit branches downstream of the boiler 23. Thereby, most of the exhaust gas continues to the turbine 6 via the exhaust conduit 5 and a small amount of exhaust gas goes to the power turbine 31 via the conduit 30. The added power turbine 31 drives the generator 32.

  In this way, surplus energy in the exhaust gas stream is converted into electric power, that is, energy having high exergy. The amount of exhaust gas that branches off toward the power turbine 31 can be adjusted by a variable flow regulator (not shown) in the conduit 30. The exhaust gas leaving the power turbine 31 leads to a second exhaust conduit 7 where it re-enters the main exhaust gas stream.

  The second exhaust conduit 7 guides the exhaust gas to the inlet of the second boiler 20 provided with, for example, a tube-type or fin-type heat exchanger. The third exhaust conduit 21 guides the exhaust from the outlet of the second boiler 2 to the outside. Before reaching the outside air, the exhaust gas may be purified, for example, in an SCR reactor (not shown) for reducing NOx levels, and a silencer (not shown) for reducing noise pollution. You may pass through.

  The second boiler 20 generates steam under pressure using heat in the exhaust gas stream. At this stage, the exhaust gas temperature is lower than the temperature as it exits the cylinder, and the temperature at the outlet of the turbocharger turbine 6 is typically in the range between 250 and 300 ° C.

  The conduit 22 guides the steam generated by the second boiler 20 to the inlet of the first boiler 23. The first boiler is heated by an exhaust gas having a temperature of about 450 ° C., thereby providing a very effective medium for evaporating / superheating water / steam entering the first boiler 23.

  Superheated steam is guided to a steam turbine 37 through a conduit 34, where steam energy is converted into rotating mechanical force. The steam turbine 37 drives a generator 35 that generates electrical energy. This electrical energy can be used, for example, on an ocean-going ship to power a cooling facility, or can be added to the power generated in a stationary power plant. Although not shown in this embodiment and any other embodiments, the boiler and steam turbine are part of a steam circuit comprising condensers, coolers, and other components known in the field of steam energy. I want you to understand.

  An example regarding the operating parameters of the second embodiment with a MAN B & W® 12K98ME engine is provided in Table 1 below. This is an engine with 12 cylinders with a cylinder inner diameter of 98 cm. Note that turbocharger compressors and auxiliary blowers that may be used require a power input of approximately 25000 kW. This energy is extracted from the exhaust gas and / or supplied by an auxiliary blower.

  Based on the energy equation, it is possible to determine the optimum conditions for energy extraction from the entire system. This will ultimately vary depending on the type of boiler, the type of steam turbine, and the conditions of use of the large two-cycle diesel engine. The main focus in ocean-going vessels is to provide rotational power, while applications in stationary power plants focus on heat generation (for district heating) as well as electricity generation.

  The system can be operated at various operating points, and the amount of energy extracted from the exhaust gas by the first boiler 23 and the power turbine 31 is variable.

  The energy extracted in the first boiler 23 upstream of the turbocharger turbine 6 reduces the energy available in the turbocharger turbine 6 and power turbine 31, but in the second boiler 20. The extracted energy has no effect on turbocharger and power turbine power.

  In the example of Table 1, an energy amount of 10.000 kW is extracted by the first boiler 23 and supplied to the steam turbine 37 (this amount is arbitrarily selected for this example, other amounts are also May be selected as shown in FIG. 3A).

  FIG. 3A is a graph showing calculation results for different values of energy extracted by the first boiler 23. This graph shows the energy of the various components as a percentage of the engine shaft power and explains the fact that the present invention is applicable to engines of various sizes. It can be seen in the graph that as the energy extracted in the first boiler 23 upstream of the turbocharger turbine 6 increases, the energy extractable from the power turbine decreases. The optimum operating position can be determined according to the type of power required (thermal or rotational force / electricity).

  If both heat and rotational power are required, such as in a stationary power plant that supplies power and heat, the optimal operating point is closest to maximum energy extraction through the first boiler 23. At this operating point, it is necessary to operate the auxiliary blower 16 even in a full load state.

  The main energy required in ocean-going vessels is propulsion, that is, rotational force that drives a propeller (not shown). Typically, the amount of heat required for a ship is relatively small, while the amount of power required varies with the type of ship. Bulk carriers require relatively little power.

  Container ships or natural liquefied gas ships carrying cargo that needs to be cooled require a significant amount of power. In such a situation, operating from 5.000 kW to 10.000 kW extracted by the first boiler is advantageous from the standpoint of total energy efficiency.

  FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment substantially corresponds to the second embodiment except that the scavenging cooler 12a is of a different type. Scavenging coolers are scrubbers that inject and evaporate large amounts of water. The injected water is preferably relatively warm, for example, seawater (if the engine is installed on an ocean-going vessel) or river water (if the engine is installed in a stationary power plant near the river) Heated with waste heat from the engine 1 (water) cooling system (not shown). By operating the scrubber 12a, the temperature of the air exiting the scrubber outlet is about 70 ° C. and the relative humidity is substantially 100%. The absolute humidity of this scavenging is about five times higher than the scavenging exiting the intercooler 12 of the second embodiment. Therefore, the amount of energy contained in the scavenging and the amount of energy contained in the exhaust gas are greatly increased. Therefore, there is further energy that can be used for extraction from the exhaust gas by the boilers 20, 23 and the power turbine 31.

  An example regarding the operating parameters of a third embodiment with a MAN B & W® 12K98ME engine is provided in Table 1 below.

  In order to generate this scavenging condition, the turbocharger compressor and the auxiliary blower that may be used require a power input of approximately 25000 kW and evaporate in the air at the compressor outlet7, A further infusion of 5 kg / s water must be realized.

  This energy (25000 kW) must be extracted by exhaust gas and / or supplied by an auxiliary blower.

  In this example, 10.000 kW is extracted by the first boiler 23 and supplied to the steam turbine 37 (this amount is arbitrarily selected for this example, other amounts are also shown in FIG. 4A). May be selected).

  FIG. 4A is a graph showing calculation results for various values of the amount of energy extracted inside the first boiler. This graph shows the energy of the various components as a percentage of the shaft energy of the engine and explains the fact that the present invention is applicable to engines of various sizes. In the graph, it can be seen that as the energy extracted in the first boiler 23 upstream of the turbocharger turbine 6 increases, the energy extractable from the power turbine 31 decreases. In this example, energy exceeding 25.000 kW can be extracted in the first boiler 23 without having to input energy to the auxiliary blower 16. In the engine according to the second embodiment, only about 14.000 kW can be extracted in the first boiler without the need to input energy into the auxiliary blower 16. Since the fuel efficiency of the engine itself is only slightly reduced by warm scavenging including moisture, the overall fuel efficiency of the engine 1 combined with the exhaust gas energy recovery system according to the present invention is the exhaust gas energy recovery system (for example, the second embodiment). ) Will be much more efficient than conventional engines with. The ideal operating point of the engine according to the third embodiment is the same as the operating point of the engine according to the second embodiment.

  In a variant of the third embodiment, the engine is operated such that the exhaust gas temperature is very low at the outlet. These temperatures can be as low as −40 ° C., which means that the moisture of the exhaust gas undergoes two phase changes. The two phase changes are vapor to liquid and liquid to solid changes, for example, the exhaust gas leaving the engine contains snow or similarly shaped ice. Thus, the engine serves as a heat pump, which is beneficial in applications where both mechanical energy and heat are required, particularly in cogeneration plants used to supply electricity and district heating. Become. This operating state is obtained by extracting a very large amount of energy in the first boiler 23, and 72.000 kW is extracted in the example of Table 1. Furthermore, the effective area of the turbine 6 is reduced by about one third compared to the example / embodiment described above, resulting in an exhaust gas temperature of −25 ° C. By reducing the effective turbine area, the amount of energy available in the compressor 9 is greatly reduced (when the effective turbine area is reduced, the exhaust gas temperature decrease in the turbine is promoted by gas expansion). Accordingly, the capacity and energy consumption of the auxiliary blower are increased. In this embodiment, since the energy generated by the turbine 6 is insufficient to generate the total scavenging required for the compressor 9, even at full engine load, the auxiliary blower 16 is Operates under load conditions.

  When the engine is operating on heavy oil or diesel oil, the exhaust component that is downstream of the dew point is made of corrosion-resistant material, and that component becomes an acidic precipitate that is driven by the sulfur content in such fuels. Be able to cope (condensate contains sulfuric acid).

  If the engine operates with natural gas or another fuel that is substantially free of sulfur, no such action is required.

  An example of the operating parameters of this variant of the third embodiment with a MAN B & W® 12K98ME engine is shown in the “3 Cooling” column of Table 1 below.

  In this modification of the third embodiment, since the temperature of the exhaust gas after the turbine of the turbocharger is low, there is no second boiler on the low pressure side. Therefore, this system includes only the first boiler 23 on the high pressure side of the turbine.

  In another variation (not shown) of this embodiment, the engine is provided with a second turbine. This second turbine allows higher exhaust gas temperatures (e.g., on the high pressure side and low pressure side of the turbine when the demand for heat is low and the focus is on rotational force, e.g. summer operation of a cogeneration plant. To operate between 50 and 200 ° C on the low pressure side and between 150 and 350 ° C on the high pressure side. The system may switch to a second turbine having a larger effective turbine area so that the turbine is used to obtain an exhaust gas temperature below the outside air, or the second turbine also has a relatively small turbine area. And two turbines, each having a small effective area, are used in parallel, each accommodating a portion of the exhaust gas stream. In operation with higher exhaust gas temperatures, a turbine with a larger effective turbine area, or two turbines with a smaller effective turbine area operating in parallel, provides sufficient energy to the compressor and assists only during low load conditions. Make sure the blower needs to be activated. By appropriately reducing the energy extracted by the boiler 23, the exhaust gas temperature exiting the boiler 23 is adapted to the desired temperature of the exhaust gas on the low pressure side of the turbine 6. Alternatively, in contrast to two turbines, a single turbine (not shown) having a variable effective turbine can be used to obtain the required flexibility in effective turbine area. Thus, this second variant is operable in modes that focus on heat generation and very high overall energy efficiency, while in other modes the focus is on rotational force generation and the system The mode is optimized to have the maximum efficiency with respect to the amount of rotational force that can be extracted from.

  FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment substantially corresponds to the second embodiment except that the first boiler 23 is arranged in the exhaust gas flow branched from the exhaust gas conduit 5. Therefore, only the branch portion of the exhaust gas passes through the first boiler 23. The conduit 30 guides the exhaust gas from the outlet of the first boiler 23 to the power turbine 31. The advantage of this embodiment is the fact that the exhaust gas can flow directly from the exhaust receiver 3 to the turbine 6 of the turbocharger. This means that the response to acceleration events is improved in the engine. The outlet of the power turbine 31 is connected to the inlet of the second boiler 20 or the final part of the exhaust conduit 21 as indicated by a broken line. The connection is selected according to the outlet temperature of the power turbine 31. If the outlet temperature of the power turbine 31 is significantly lower than the temperature of the turbocharger turbine 6, the outlet of the power turbine is connected to the final part of the exhaust conduit 21.

  An example relating to the operating parameters of the fourth embodiment with a MAN B & W (registered trademark) 12K98ME engine is shown in column “4” of Table 1 below.

In this example, 20% of the exhaust gas is diverted to the power turbine side, allowing power turbine energy output (PO _PT ), or auxiliary blower input power.

  It is possible to determine the optimum conditions for energy extraction from the whole system. This will ultimately vary depending on the type of boiler, the type of steam turbine, and the conditions of use of the large two-cycle diesel engine. The main focus in ocean-going vessels is in providing rotational power, while in applications in stationary power plants, focus may be on heat generation (district heating) as well as electricity generation.

The energy available in the exhaust gas stream (455 kg and 160 kg / s at 3.35 bar (absolute temperature)) can be used in the following four devices:
1) The first boiler 23 upstream of the turbocharger turbine 6
2) Power turbine 31
3) A second boiler 20 downstream of the turbocharger turbine 6
4) Turbocharger turbine 6

  This system is operable at various operating points, and the amount of energy extracted from the exhaust gas by the first boiler 23 and the power turbine 31 is variable.

  The energy extracted in the first boiler 23 upstream of the turbocharger turbine 6 reduces the energy available in the turbocharger turbine 6 and power turbine 31, but in the second boiler 20. The extracted energy has no effect on turbocharger and power turbine power.

  About the result regarding the other energy amount extracted from the 1st boiler 23, it shows on the graph of FIG. 5A.

  In a modification (not shown) of the fourth embodiment, the cooling unit 12 is replaced with a cooling and humidification unit 12a. The cooling and humidification unit 12a adds a considerable amount of water (water vapor) to the supply air. The air supply in this embodiment is not cooled to a low temperature as in the embodiment that does not humidify the air supply. The operation parameters of this embodiment are shown in the column “4 humidification” in Table 1.

  FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment substantially corresponds to the second embodiment except that the second boiler 20 is not present. Furthermore, the engine operates at a very low exhaust gas temperature at the outlet. These temperatures can be as low as −40 ° C., which means that the moisture of the exhaust gas undergoes two phase changes. The two phase changes are vapor to liquid and liquid to solid changes, for example, the exhaust gas leaving the engine contains snow or similarly shaped ice. Thus, the engine serves as a heat pump, which requires both mechanical energy and heat, such as in cogeneration plants used specifically for supplying electricity and district heating. Useful in applications.

  The low temperature exhaust gas is obtained by extracting a very large amount of energy in the boiler 23 so that the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the boiler 23 is relatively low. Thereafter, the exhaust gas temperature further decreases due to the expansion of the exhaust gas in the turbocharger. This decrease in temperature is not limited to the outside air temperature, and may be significantly reduced to below the outside air temperature. Therefore, the combustion engine is changed to a so-called heat pump that extracts lower heat energy from its environment and generates higher heat.

  When the engine is operating on heavy oil or diesel oil, the exhaust component that is downstream of the dew point is made of corrosion-resistant material, and that component becomes an acidic precipitate that is driven by the sulfur content in such fuels. Be able to cope (condensate contains sulfuric acid).

  If the engine is operated with natural gas (LNG), LPG, DME, alcohol, or other fuel that is substantially free of sulfur, no such action is required.

  In the fifth embodiment, since the temperature of the exhaust gas after the turbine of the turbocharger is low, there is no boiler on the low pressure side. Therefore, this system includes only the first boiler 23 on the high pressure side of the turbine.

  An example regarding the operating parameters of the fifth embodiment when using a MAN B & W (registered trademark) 12K98ME engine is shown in the column “5 & 6” in Table 1 below.

The energy available in the exhaust gas stream (455 kg and 160 kg / s at 3.30 bar (absolute temperature)) can be used in the following three devices:
1) The first boiler 23 upstream of the turbocharger turbine 6
2) Power turbine 31
3) Turbocharger turbine 6

  This system can operate at various operating points, and the amount of energy extracted from the exhaust gas by the first boiler 23 and the power turbine 31 is variable.

  The energy extracted in the first boiler 23 upstream of the turbocharger turbine 6 reduces the energy available in the turbocharger turbine 6 and the power turbine 31.

  In a modification (not shown) of the fifth embodiment, as described above for the third embodiment, the engine is provided with two turbines, and the engine can also operate at a higher exhaust gas temperature. It is also possible to focus on the efficiency of the amount of rotational force extracted from the fuel rather than the total fuel energy (calculated for the thermoelectric complex produced by the engine).

  FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 6 except that the turbocharger 8 is omitted. The electric blower 16 ′ (the name “auxiliary blower” is not suitable here) pressurizes the scavenging. On the exhaust gas side, a high-capacity power turbine 31 ′ takes over the role of the turbocharger turbine, and supplies electricity to the electric motor 17 ′ that supplies power to the blower 16 ′ via the generator 32 ′. . Any surplus power generated by the high capacity generator 32 can be distributed for other purposes. Management of the power generated by the generator 32 can be handled by a control unit (not shown). This control unit operates according to a power management program or based on direct instructions by an operator. Since there is no fixed connection between the turbine and the compressor, it is possible to distribute the energy generated by the power turbine more flexibly than when the turbine and the compressor are connected to a fixed shaft. Enables more flexible driving. An accumulator system (not shown) such as a battery can be used to adjust the variation in the amount of energy required for the blower 16 '. Accordingly, the engine output at the time of acceleration is improved because the blower output can be increased simultaneously with the increase in the amount of injected fuel without waiting for the turbine reaction to the increase in the exhaust gas flow.

  The engine according to the fifth embodiment can operate flexibly in an energy range that can be extracted in the boiler 23. Thus, in a “winter” setting or operating condition where a large amount of heat is required for district heating, with the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet well below 0 ° C., the engine operates as a heat pump and also in a “summer” setting. Or in the operating state, the engine is not operated as a heat pump and the exhaust gas temperature is in the range of 50 ° C to 200 ° C. In the summer setting, a second turbine (not shown) is used in conjunction with or in place of turbine 31 'to increase the overall effective turbine area. Alternatively, a single turbine with a variable effective turbine can be used. Further, the change in the operating state is determined by the amount of energy extracted in the boiler 23. The more energy that is extracted by the boiler 23, the lower the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the turbine.

  In the “winter” setting, the various temperatures and pressures correspond to the example provided for the fifth embodiment. See Table 1.

  In a variation of the fifth embodiment (not shown), the turbine 31 'drives a hydraulic pump and the blower 16 is driven by a hydraulic motor (instead of a generator and a motor, respectively). The hydraulic pump and motor can ultimately be a positive displacement device with variable stroke for flexibility. The hydraulic pump and the motor are connected via a conduit and a valve. This conduit and valve allows the controller 27 to operate so that the hydraulic energy supplied by the pump is used to supply the hydraulic motor.

  Another variation of the fifth embodiment (not shown) operates with a 180 ° C. exhaust gas and a second boiler on the low pressure side of the power turbine 31 ′ to maximize the efficiency of the “summer” setting. Is done. In this case, the engine parameters correspond to those of the third embodiment in the column “3 cooling” (see Table 1).

  The engine is not only operable in the two extreme cases described above. In fact, the engine can be operated at any desired temperature in between, the exhaust gas temperature leaving the turbine, by adjusting the amount of energy extracted in the boiler 23 and appropriately selecting the appropriate effective turbine area. As used herein, an engine may comprise two turbines having different effective turbine areas, one turbine having a small effective turbine area and the other turbine having a larger effective turbine area. In this variant, the engine can be operated with a turbine having a small effective turbine area due to the very low exhaust gas temperature on its low pressure side (winter setting in a cogeneration plant) and the medium temperature on its low pressure side. Due to the exhaust gas, it can only be operated with a turbine with a larger effective turbine area (spring / autumn setting in a cogeneration plant), and both turbines in parallel due to the high exhaust gas temperature on the low pressure side of the turbine Can be operated (summer setting in cogeneration plant).

  FIG. 8 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the fourth embodiment. However, in the seventh embodiment, the air flow to the turbocharger 8 and the exhaust gas flow from the turbocharger / power turbine are reduced by 20%, and 20% of the exhaust gas is transferred to the first boiler 23, Recirculation through circulation conduit 19, blower 18, and scrubber 18a returns to the scavenging system in conduit 11 upstream of intercooler 12. The outlet of the power turbine 31 is connected to the inlet of the second boiler 20 or the final part of the exhaust conduit 21 as indicated by a broken line. The connection is selected according to the outlet temperature of the power turbine 31. If the outlet temperature of the power turbine 31 is significantly lower than the temperature of the turbocharger turbine 6, the outlet of the power turbine is connected to the final part of the exhaust conduit 21.

  An example regarding the operating parameters of this embodiment using the same engine as the previous embodiment is shown in column “7” of Table 1.

  In order to produce this air volume of 128 kg / s with a scavenging pressure of 3.6 bar, the turbocharger compressor requires a power input of approximately 20.000 kW.

  This energy must be extracted from the exhaust gas by the turbocharger turbine. The exhaust gas contains 22.400kW. To produce the required 20.000 kW, the turbocharger turbine needs only 20000/22400 * 100% = 89% exhaust gas flow. The remaining 11% exhaust gas stream can be used in the power turbine 31. Furthermore, the exhaust gas recirculation flow is 20% of the total exhaust gas flow, and the total energy in the streamline is available in the first boiler 23.

  The inlet temperature of the second boiler 20 is variable depending on the energy extracted in the boiler 1, and when the temperature is below 300 ° C, the outlet temperature is below 180 ° C. (If using natural gas or another sulfur-free fuel, it is possible to select a lower temperature to allow for condensation or possible solidification of the exhaust gas in order to maximize overall energy efficiency. ).

  The power turbine 31 supplies energy only according to the temperature of the power turbine inlet or according to the actual amount of energy extracted by the first boiler 23 followed by the power turbine inlet.

  Further, the boiler inlet temperature is a mixture of the turbocharger outlet temperature and the power turbine outlet temperature.

This embodiment is particularly advantageous in obtaining low NO _x values for the exhaust gas.
[Table 1]

  The above embodiments have been described with a two-stage steam system. However, the steam system can also be implemented as a single stage system or as a system comprising two or more stages.

  Embodiments having a boiler disposed in the exhaust gas receiver, as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, are combined with the other embodiments described in FIGS. 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5-8. Is possible.

  All of the above examples are for engines operating at their Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR). Note that these engines can operate under different loads and provide other values for temperature and pressure in the intake and exhaust systems.

  The above-described embodiments and examples are based on one particular model of a large two-cycle diesel engine, and other sizes and types of combustion engines can be advantageously used in connection with the invention described herein. It is.

  Typically, the exhaust gas temperature leaving the cylinder of a large two-cycle diesel engine is between 400 and 500 ° C. The exhaust gas pressure leaving the cylinders of such engines is usually above 2 bar and typically between 3 and 4 bar.

  In particular, the concept of extending turbine exhaust to below ambient temperatures can be used for two-cycle and four-cycle combustion engines.

  The term “comprising”, used in the claims, does not exclude other elements or steps. The singular terms used in the claims do not exclude the plural.

  Any reference signs used in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope.

  For purposes of explanation, the invention has been described in detail, but such details are not merely for the purpose of the invention, and can be changed by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. I want you to understand.

In this paragraph, the text described in the scope of the claims described in the procedure amendment submitted on March 15, 2010 will be recorded.
(1) a cylinder connected to the exhaust gas receiver via the manifold pipe so that the exhaust gas flows directly from the manifold pipe to the exhaust gas receiver;
An upstream exhaust gas conduit for directing the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas receiver to an inlet of a turbocharger turbine, wherein the upstream exhaust gas conduit is connected to the outlet of the exhaust gas receiver;
A downstream exhaust gas conduit for directing the exhaust gas from the turbine outlet of the turbocharger to the outside;
One or more exhaust gas boilers or heat exchangers for recovering thermal energy from the exhaust gas;
A crosshead type large two-cycle turbocharged diesel engine comprising: at least one of the boiler or the heat exchanger is disposed in the exhaust gas receiver. Turbocharged diesel engine.
(2) A preheating boiler is further provided on the low pressure side of the turbocharger, and the boiler disposed in the exhaust gas receiver is configured to superheat steam generated by the boiler on the low pressure side of the turbocharger. The engine according to (1), which is used.
(3) The engine according to (1) or (2), further comprising a steam turbine driven by steam generated by the one or more boilers.
(4) The engine according to (3), wherein the power turbine drives a generator.
(5) The engine according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the exhaust gas receiver accommodates a plurality of boilers.
(6) The engine according to (5), wherein the plurality of boilers form a multi-stage steam superheated steam generation system including a preheating and a superheated boiler.
(7) The engine according to (1), wherein the exhaust gas receiver is divided into an exhaust gas collection channel and a heat exchange channel in a longitudinal direction.
(8) The engine according to (7), wherein the heat exchange channel has an annular cross section, and an arcuate boiler portion is accommodated therein.
(9) a turbocharger having an exhaust gas turbine coupled to a charge air compressor;
A first exhaust gas boiler provided on the high pressure side of the turbocharger downstream of the cylinder;
A power turbine driven by a part of the exhaust gas branched from the high pressure side of the turbocharger;
And a crosshead large two-cycle turbocharged diesel engine that can be operated to generate a large amount of heat in the boiler instead of generating large rotational energy in the power turbine.
(10) The engine according to (9), further including a second exhaust gas boiler on a low pressure side of the turbocharger.
(11) The engine according to (10), wherein all of the exhaust gas flows through the first exhaust gas boiler, and a part of the exhaust gas for the power turbine is branched downstream of the first exhaust gas boiler.
(12) The engine according to (10) or (11), wherein only the branched exhaust gas flows through the first exhaust gas boiler.
(13) The engine according to any one of (9) to (12), wherein the exhaust gas exiting the power turbine is re-entered into a main exhaust gas stream on a low pressure side of the turbocharger.
(14) The engine according to any one of (9) to (13), wherein the power turbine drives a generator.
(15) The second exhaust gas boiler serves as a preheating boiler, and the first exhaust gas boiler is used to superheat steam generated by the second exhaust gas boiler, from (10) (14) The organization according to any one of (14).
(16) The engine according to (15), further including a steam turbine driven by superheated steam generated by the first and second exhaust gas boilers.
(17) The engine operates to recover a substantial amount of energy in the first exhaust gas boiler to obtain highly superheated steam, thereby improving the efficiency of the steam turbine; The organization described in (15).
(18) The scavenging is at a relatively high temperature so that the scavenging entering the cylinder has a high absolute water vapor content to increase the energy content of the exhaust gas for subsequent recovery in the boiler and / or power turbine. The engine according to any one of (9) to (17), wherein scavenging cooling is performed so as to be maintained, and the scavenging is humidified.
(19) Each includes a plurality of cylinders connected to the exhaust gas receiver via respective manifold pipes, and the first exhaust gas boiler and / or the second exhaust gas boiler are arranged in the exhaust gas receiver. The engine according to any one of (10) to (18).
(20) The engine according to any one of (10) to (19), wherein the cooling capacity of the first and / or second boiler is selected such that the exhaust gas temperature is less than outside air.
(21) The engine according to any one of (9) to (20), wherein a part of the exhaust gas flow is recirculated.
(22) The engine according to (21), wherein a part of the exhaust gas to be recirculated is branched from an exhaust gas flow downstream of the first boiler.
(23) In order to improve the ability to recover energy from exhaust gas while improving the degree of freedom in adjusting operating conditions,
An exhaust gas turbine that drives the generator;
An air supply compressor driven by an electric motor;
A heat exchanger for extracting heat from the exhaust gas, provided on the high pressure side of the turbine downstream of the cylinder;
And the heat exchanger is configured to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the heat exchanger such that the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the turbine downstream of the heat exchanger is less than the outside air temperature , A crosshead large supercharged two-cycle diesel engine.
(24) The large supercharged two-cycle diesel engine according to (23), wherein the electric power generated from the generator is handled by a control unit operated in accordance with an electric power control program or an operation by an operator.
(25) The large supercharged two-cycle diesel engine according to (23) or (24), wherein the heat exchanger is used to generate steam.
(26) The large-scale supercharging according to (25), further comprising: means for storing a part of electric energy generated by the generator; and means for supplying the stored electric energy to the electric motor. Type 2 cycle diesel engine.
(27) The large supercharged two-cycle diesel engine according to (26), further comprising means for controlling distribution of the electric energy generated by the generator and the stored energy.
(28) The large supercharged two-cycle diesel engine according to any one of (25) to (27), further including a steam turbine driven by steam generated with the assistance of heat from the heat exchanger.
(29) A crosshead supercharged two-cycle diesel engine used in a cogeneration plant for generating electric power and heat,
An intake system for taking in air at an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature, the intake system comprising a compressor for supplying a supply air whose pressure exceeds the outside air to a cylinder of the engine;
A turbine driven by exhaust gas;
A heat exchanger for extracting heat from the exhaust gas, provided on the downstream side of the cylinder and on the high pressure side of the turbine;
And the heat exchanger and the turbine are configured such that the exhaust gas temperature on the low pressure side of the turbine is lower than the outside air.
(30) The exhaust gas temperature below the outside air promotes a reduction in the temperature of the exhaust gas when the exhaust gas expands in the turbine, and a large capacity heat exchanger for promoting the temperature decrease of the exhaust gas passing through the heat exchanger The engine according to (29), obtained by means of a small effective turbine area.
(31) The temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the cylinder is between 400 ° C. and 500 ° C., the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the exhaust gas boiler is less than 110 ° C., and the pressure of the exhaust gas exiting the boiler is above 2 bar, (29 ) Institution.
(32) The engine according to (29) to (32), wherein the turbine and the compressor are connected by a shaft to form a turbocharger.
(33) The engine according to (32), further comprising an auxiliary blower that assists the turbine to supply air to a cylinder of the engine, particularly when the engine operates at its maximum continuous load.
(34) The engine according to (32) or (33), further including a power turbine driven by exhaust gas branched from an exhaust gas flow to the turbocharger turbine downstream of the boiler.
(35) The engine according to any one of (29) to (34), further including a steam turbine that is powered by steam generated by heat extracted from the exhaust gas by the heat exchanger.
(36) The engine according to any one of (29) to (35), further including a supply air humidification unit on a high pressure side of the compressor.
(37) The engine according to any one of (29) to (36), wherein the pressure of the exhaust gas exiting the turbine is equal to or slightly higher than the outside air pressure.
(38) The engine according to any one of (29) to (37), wherein a temperature of the exhaust gas that exits the turbine is lower than an outside air temperature at least when the engine is operating at the maximum continuous load.
(39) The temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the turbine is between −5 ° C. and −40 ° C., at least when the engine is operating at its maximum continuous load, any of (29) to (38) The institution described in
(40) It further includes another turbine that is used instead of or in combination with the turbine, so that the exhaust gas temperature on the low pressure side of the one or more turbines exceeds the outside air. The engine according to any one of (29) to (39), provided to change an effective turbine area.
(41) The engine according to any one of (29) to (40), wherein the turbine is of a type whose effective turbine area is variable in order to operate the engine at various exhaust gas temperatures.
(42) A crosshead supercharged two-cycle diesel engine,
An intake system for taking in air at an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature, the intake system comprising a compressor for supplying a supply air whose pressure exceeds the outside air to a cylinder of the engine;
A first turbine having a predetermined effective turbine area driven by exhaust gas;
A second turbine having a predetermined effective turbine area driven by exhaust gas;
A heat exchanger for extracting heat from the exhaust gas, provided on the high pressure side of the turbine downstream of the cylinder;
Means for selectively using one or both turbines to adjust the exhaust gas temperature on the low pressure side of the turbine and adjusting the amount of energy extracted by the heat exchanger;
A crosshead supercharged two-cycle diesel engine.
(43) A crosshead supercharged two-cycle diesel engine,
An intake system for taking in air at an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature, the intake system comprising a compressor for supplying a supply air whose pressure exceeds the outside air to a cylinder of the engine;
A turbine with variable effective turbine area driven by exhaust gas;
A heat exchanger for extracting heat from the exhaust gas, provided on the high pressure side of the turbine downstream of the cylinder;
A crosshead supercharged two-cycle diesel engine that varies the exhaust gas temperature on the low pressure side of the turbine and thereby adjusts the amount of energy extracted by the heat exchanger.
(44) A method of operating a crosshead supercharged two-cycle diesel engine,
The engine is an intake system for taking in air having an outside air pressure and an outside air temperature, the intake system including a compressor for supplying the intake air whose pressure exceeds the outside air to the cylinder of the engine, and driven by exhaust gas A first turbine having a predetermined effective turbine area, a second turbine having a predetermined effective turbine area driven by exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas provided on the high pressure side of the turbine downstream of the cylinder A heat exchanger that extracts heat from the
Selectively using the turbine to obtain various exhaust gas temperatures on any one or more low pressure sides of the turbine, thereby adjusting the amount of energy extracted by the heat exchanger. .

1 is a partial side view of a large turbocharged diesel engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the engine of FIG. 2 schematically shows a large turbocharged diesel engine having an energy recovery facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the operating parameter of the engine of FIG. 4 schematically shows a large turbocharged diesel engine having an energy recovery facility according to a third embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the operating parameter of the engine of FIG. 6 schematically shows a large turbocharged diesel engine having an energy recovery facility according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the operating parameter of the engine of FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention where the engine operates as a heat pump. Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention in which a turbocharger is not used, but instead an electrically connected turbine and blower are provided. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention using exhaust gas recirculation.

Claims (7)

A plurality of cylinders coupled to the exhaust gas receiver via respective unique manifold tubes so that the exhaust gas flows directly to the exhaust gas receiver;
An upstream exhaust gas conduit for directing the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas receiver to an inlet of a turbocharger turbine, wherein the upstream exhaust gas conduit is connected to the outlet of the exhaust gas receiver;
A downstream exhaust gas conduit for directing the exhaust gas from the turbine outlet of the turbocharger to the outside;
One or more exhaust gas boilers for recovering thermal energy from the exhaust gas;
An auxiliary blower arranged to compress the scavenging gas supplied to the scavenging receiver;
A bypass pipe provided so that a scavenging air can bypass the auxiliary blower;
A crosshead large two-cycle turbocharged diesel engine comprising: at least one of the one or more exhaust gas boilers is disposed in the exhaust gas receiver, and the exhaust gas receiver has an exhaust gas collecting channel in the longitudinal direction. characterized Rukoto is divided into a heat exchange channels, crosshead large two-stroke turbocharged diesel engine.   The turbocharger further includes a preheating boiler on the low pressure side, and the exhaust gas boiler disposed in the exhaust gas receiver is used to superheat the steam generated by the preheating boiler on the low pressure side of the turbocharger. The engine of claim 1, wherein:   The engine according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a steam turbine driven by steam generated by one or more of the one or more exhaust gas boilers.   The engine of claim 3, wherein the power turbine drives a generator.   The engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the exhaust gas receiver accommodates a plurality of exhaust gas boilers.   The engine according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of exhaust gas boilers form a multi-stage steam superheated steam generation system comprising a preheat and superheat boiler. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange channel has an annular cross section in which an arcuate boiler portion is accommodated.