JP4696090B2 - サツマイモ由来エクスパンシン遺伝子のcDNAおよびこれを用いた高生産性形質転換植物体 - Google Patents
サツマイモ由来エクスパンシン遺伝子のcDNAおよびこれを用いた高生産性形質転換植物体 Download PDFInfo
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Description
サツマイモの幼い塊根からRNAを抽出してEST(Expressed Sequence Tag)ライブラリーを構築した後、2,859個のESTをクローニングしてNCBIに登録した(NCBI受託番号:BU690119〜BU692977、You et al., 2003, FEBS Letters 536, 101-105)。これらのESTのうち、IbExpansin(NCBI受託番号:BU691452)は、約1kbであって、一番目のATGコドンがない部分cDNAである。したがって、サツマイモエクスパンシン遺伝子IbExpansinの全長を確保するために、構築されていたサツマイモ塊根の肥大初期のESTライブラリーを鋳型としてIbExpansin遺伝子特異的なプライマー(配列番号3)とT3ベクタープライマーを用いて増幅させたところ、予想される5’全長サイズ部位からバンドを確認することができなかった(図1)。
約1.2kbの全長cDNAの塩基配列をPCRでクローニングしてpGEM−T Easyベクターに組み込んだ後、プラスミドDNAを抽出して塩基配列を決定した結果、IbExpansinは、合計1213bp、具体的に33bpの5’UTR、717bp ORFおよび463bp 3’UTRから構成されていた。この全長IbExpansinのcDNAをNCBIに登録した(受託番号:DQ515800)。IbExpansinの239個のアミノ酸配列は、N末端領域を除いてはお互いに高い相同性を示すアミノ酸配列の保存度が非常に高く(図4)、トマト、唐辛子などのエクスパンシンアミノ酸配列と78%の高い相同性を示すことが分かった(図5)。
(1)ノーザン分析方法
IbExpansinの発現様相を確認するために、貯蔵根が発達する前の個体からの根(FRN)、茎(Stem−FRN)、葉(Leaf−FRN)および葉柄(Petiole−FRN)、貯蔵根発達初期の個体からの根(FRES)、貯蔵根段階の個体からの貯蔵根(SR)、茎(Stem−SR)、葉(Leaf−SR)および葉柄(Petiole−SR)、並びに貯蔵根が完全に成長した後の個体からの根組織(FRLS)(図6参照)より、全RNAを4.4M グアニジウム−SDS lysis buffer(chirgwin et al., 1979)と5.7M CsCl グラジエント方法(Glisin et al., 1974)を用いて抽出した後、約20μgの総RNAを1%アガロース−ホルムアルデヒドゲルに電気泳動し、Tropilon−plusTM(Tropix、USA)ナイロン膜に転移(transfer)させた。
IbExpansinは、貯蔵根発達前の根組織と葉柄で強く発現し、茎と葉においても発現した。ところが、貯蔵根発達後の塊根組織ではその発現量が著しく低下したことを確認することができ、茎と葉における発現量が非常に減少した(図7)。このような発現様相は、IbExpansinが、長さ生長が活発に起こっている組織で強く発現していることを示唆している。
IbExpansin全長cDNAをRT−PCRで増幅するときに使用したプライマーに既にBamHIとKpnI制限酵素認識部位を添加させたプライマー(配列番号5および配列番号6)を使用したため、過多発現用バイナリーベクター製作のために、pGEM−T Easyベクターに入っているcDNAをBamHIとKpnIで切断した後、cDNAをpMBP1ベクターのCaMV35SSプロモータとNOSタミネータとの間に挿入し、この挿入をコロニーPCR(colony PCR)と制限酵素処理によって確認して(図8)バイナリーベクターpIbEXpansinを製作した(図9)。
実施例4で製作されたpIbExpansinベクターをアクロバクテリウム(Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1)に冷解凍(Freeze-thaw)方法(An, G. 1987, Methods in Enzymology)によって導入した。
実施例5で製造されたシロイヌナズナ形質転換体から種子を収穫した後、カナマイシン(30mg/L)含有MS培地に塗末して抵抗能のある形質転換植物体T1を選別し、IbExpansin cDNAがシングルコピー(single copy)で導入されてカナマイシン抵抗性に対する分離比が3:1のT2植物体を区別し、同型接合種子(homozygous seed)を確保した。これらの中から任意に3ライン(Exp−1、Exp−4、Exp−22)を選択してIbExpansinの発現量を調査した。
IbExpansinシロイヌナズナ形質転換体の成長を野生型と比較した。このために、Exp−1、Exp−4およびExp−22を野生型と共に土壌に播種して育てた後、花軸が出る直前に葉の成長度合いを比較した。Exp−1、Exp−4およびExp−22は、野生型と比較し、花軸が出る前の葉の枚数にはあまり変わりがなかったが、葉の成長速度が速くて葉の長さと幅がさらに長かった(図11)。
IbExpansinシロイヌナズナ形質転換体の種子の大きさを調査し、野生型と比較した。T3世代の同型接合体種子を用いた。それぞれ形質転換体の種子を顕微鏡の下で観察したところ、Exp−1、Exp−4、Exp−22はいずれも野生型と比較して種子の大きさが増大したことを確認した(図12)。
IbExpansinシロイヌナズナ形質転換体の種子に含有されている澱粉量を調査し、野生型と比較した。形質転換体シロイヌナズナと野生型シロイヌナズナの種子としては、T4世代の同型接合体種子を用いた。種子に液体窒素を加えて乳鉢に細かく擂った後、それぞれ1gの量を、25mLの蒸留水が入っている150mLの三角フラスコに移した。移されたサンプルを3分間沸かしながら攪拌した後、滅菌器を用いて135℃で1時間澱粉を分解し、常温から約60℃になるまで降温して安定化させた。このように準備された水溶液に100mLの蒸留水を添加し、Starch Assay Kit(SIGMA)を用いて、製造社から提供された方法に準じて澱粉含量を分析した。その結果、IbExpansinシロイヌナズナ形質転換体Exp−1、Exp−4、Exp−22の種子1個当たりの澱粉含量はそれぞれ1.55±0.13、1.48±0.03、1.54±0.06μgであって、野生型シロイヌナズナの0.98±0.06μgより多いことを確認することができた(図13)。
IbExpansinシロイヌナズナ形質転換体種子のタンパク質含量を調査し、野生型と比較した。種子としては、T3世代の同型接合体種子を用いた。種子1個当たりのタンパク質含量を分析するために、形質転換体と野生型のT3世代種子100個をタンパク質抽出溶液(250mMスクロース、50mM Tris HCl、pH8.0、2mM DTT、2mM EDTA、タンパク質阻害剤カクテル)に添加し、ドリルとプラスチック棒を用いて細かく擂った後、4℃で12,000rpmで10分間遠心分離した。上澄み液を新規チューブ内に移し、タンパク質分析キット(BioRad)を用いて種子1個当たりのタンパク質量を決定した。その結果、IbExpansinシロイヌナズナ形質転換体Exp−4、Exp−22がいずれも野生型に比べて多くのタンパク質含量を持つことを確認したうえ、このことを、それぞれのサンプル2μLずつを12% SDS/ポリアクリルアミドゲルにロードして電気泳動した後、CBB(coomassie brilliant blue)染色試薬を用いたゲル染色を行うことにより、再確認した(図14)。
IbExpansin形質転換植物全体の種子生産量を調査するために、種子の千粒重、植物体当たりの種子莢の個数、1莢当たりの種子の個数、全種子の個数、全種子の重量などをExp−4を対象として調査した。図15に示すように、IbExpansinシロイヌナズナ形質転換体が野生型に比べて千粒重も重かったし、植物体当たりの種子莢の個数、1莢当たりの種子の個数、全種子の個数が全て多かった。結果として、1植物体当たり生産する種子の生産量は、野生種が149.73±0.19mgであり、IbExpansin形質転換体が444.27±0.62mgであって、IbExpansin形質転換体が野生種に比べて約3倍高い種子生産量を示した(図15)。
Claims (1)
- 配列番号1または11の塩基配列からなる単離されたDNAを含む植物形質転換用バイナリーベクターをシロイヌナズナに導入する段階を含むことを特徴とする、種子生産量および/または生体重を増加させる方法。
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| CN103204915B (zh) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | 甘薯耐盐相关蛋白IbEST及其编码基因与应用 |
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