JP4680989B2 - タンパク質単離処理におけるフィチン酸の低減 - Google Patents

タンパク質単離処理におけるフィチン酸の低減 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4680989B2
JP4680989B2 JP2007511805A JP2007511805A JP4680989B2 JP 4680989 B2 JP4680989 B2 JP 4680989B2 JP 2007511805 A JP2007511805 A JP 2007511805A JP 2007511805 A JP2007511805 A JP 2007511805A JP 4680989 B2 JP4680989 B2 JP 4680989B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
protein
solution
aqueous
canola
oil seed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2007511805A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2007535948A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html
JP2007535948A (ja
Inventor
マルティン シュヴァイツァー、
ケヴィン ファースト セガール、
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Burcon Nutrascience MB Corp
Original Assignee
Burcon Nutrascience MB Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Burcon Nutrascience MB Corp filed Critical Burcon Nutrascience MB Corp
Publication of JP2007535948A publication Critical patent/JP2007535948A/ja
Publication of JP2007535948A5 publication Critical patent/JP2007535948A5/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4680989B2 publication Critical patent/JP4680989B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • C07K1/30—Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/14—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from leguminous or other vegetable seeds; from press-cake or oil-bearing seeds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
    • A23L11/32—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances by extraction with solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
JP2007511805A 2004-05-07 2005-05-06 タンパク質単離処理におけるフィチン酸の低減 Expired - Fee Related JP4680989B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56868004P 2004-05-07 2004-05-07
US60514504P 2004-08-30 2004-08-30
PCT/CA2005/000693 WO2005107492A1 (en) 2004-05-07 2005-05-06 Protein isolation procedures for reducing phytic acid

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2007535948A JP2007535948A (ja) 2007-12-13
JP2007535948A5 JP2007535948A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) 2008-06-26
JP4680989B2 true JP4680989B2 (ja) 2011-05-11

Family

ID=35319966

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2007511805A Expired - Fee Related JP4680989B2 (ja) 2004-05-07 2005-05-06 タンパク質単離処理におけるフィチン酸の低減

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US20100179305A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
EP (1) EP1771084B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
JP (1) JP4680989B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
KR (1) KR101195414B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
AU (1) AU2005239774B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
BR (1) BRPI0510754B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
CA (1) CA2564400C (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
MX (1) MXPA06012855A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
NZ (1) NZ551476A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
RU (1) RU2363234C2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
WO (1) WO2005107492A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)

Families Citing this family (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BRPI0510754B1 (pt) * 2004-05-07 2016-01-19 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp processo para preparação de um isolado de proteína
AR059730A1 (es) * 2006-03-03 2008-04-23 Specialty Protein Producers In Metodos para separar la grasa de materiales de plantas distintas de soja y composiciones producidas con ellos
US8623445B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2014-01-07 Bio-Extraction Inc. Protein concentrates and isolates, and processes for the production thereof
US8821955B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2014-09-02 Siebte Pmi Verwaltungs Gmbh Protein concentrates and isolates, and processes for the production thereof
NZ605169A (en) * 2008-05-16 2014-11-28 Siebte Pmi Verwaltungs Gmbh Oilseed protein concentrates and isolates, and processes for the production thereof
CA2728251A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-23 Icm, Inc. Process for edible protein extraction from corn germ
WO2010003245A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Soluble canola protein isolate production
US20100036099A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-02-11 Martin Schweizer Soluble canola protein isolate production ("nutratein")
US8343566B2 (en) * 2008-08-18 2013-01-01 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Preparation of canola protein isolate without heat treatment (“C200Ca”)
CN102123606A (zh) * 2008-08-18 2011-07-13 伯康营养科学(Mb)公司 由低芥酸菜子油料种子制备低芥酸菜子蛋白质分离物（“blendertein”）
NZ591364A (en) * 2008-08-19 2013-03-28 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp Soluble canola protein isolate production from protein micellar mass
US20110206825A1 (en) * 2008-09-17 2011-08-25 Segall Kevin I Emulsified foods
US8563071B2 (en) * 2008-10-21 2013-10-22 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of soluble protein solutions from soy (“S701” CIP)
KR101758794B1 (ko) * 2008-10-21 2017-07-31 버콘 뉴트라사이언스 (엠비) 코포레이션 콩으로부터 용해성 단백질 용액을 제조하는 방법 및 그 제품(“ｓ７０１”)
AU2015201548B2 (en) * 2009-01-26 2016-08-18 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. PRODUCTION OF SOLUBLE SOY PROTEIN PRODUCT FROM SOY PROTEIN MICELLAR MASS ("S200Ca")
AU2010206469B2 (en) * 2009-01-26 2015-03-05 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of soluble soy protein product from soy protein micellar mass ("S200Ca")
KR20110119784A (ko) * 2009-02-11 2011-11-02 버콘 뉴트라사이언스 (엠비) 코포레이션 물 추출을 이용하는 콩 단백질 제품 및 그 제조방법
WO2010091509A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-19 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of soy protein product using calcium chloride extraction ("s702/s7300/s7200/s7301")
US8545924B2 (en) * 2009-05-14 2013-10-01 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of canola protein product without heat treatment (“C200CaC”)
KR101918077B1 (ko) 2009-06-30 2018-11-13 버콘 뉴트라사이언스 (엠비) 코포레이션 산 용해가능한 콩 단백질 분리물의 제조방법 및 그 제품(“ｓ７００”)
US9700066B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2017-07-11 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Preparation of soy protein isolate using calcium chloride extraction (“S703 cip”)
US8404299B2 (en) * 2009-06-30 2013-03-26 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Preparation of soy protein isolate using calcium chloride extraction (“S703 CIP”)
PL2448424T3 (pl) * 2009-06-30 2018-05-30 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Wytwarzanie rozpuszczalnych w kwasie izolatów białka sojowego ("S800")
US8557321B2 (en) * 2009-06-30 2013-10-15 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Preparation of soy protein isolate using calcium chloride extraction (“S703”)
US8389040B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2013-03-05 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of acid soluble soy protein isolates (“S700”)
WO2011057406A1 (en) 2009-11-11 2011-05-19 Bioexx Specialty Proteins Ltd. Protein concentrates and isolates, and processes for the production thereof from macroalgae and/or microalgae
WO2011057407A1 (en) 2009-11-11 2011-05-19 Bioexx Specialty Proteins Ltd. Protein concentrates and isolates, and processes for the production thereof from toasted oilseed meal
CN102791143B (zh) * 2009-12-22 2016-11-09 伯康营养科学(Mb)公司 pH调节的大豆蛋白分离物及用途
US20120135117A1 (en) * 2010-05-07 2012-05-31 Segall Kevin I Production of soluble protein solutions from pulses
US10506821B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2019-12-17 Burcon Mutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of soluble protein solutions from pulses
NZ608304A (en) * 2010-08-18 2014-03-28 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp Improved production of protein solutions from soy
EP2651238A4 (en) * 2010-12-16 2014-12-31 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp SOY PROTEIN PRODUCTS WITH IMPROVED WATER BINDING CAPACITY
US20130331551A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2013-12-12 Kevin I. Segall Preparation of canola protein isolate from canola oil seeds ("blendertein")
WO2012159199A1 (en) * 2011-05-25 2012-11-29 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of soy protein product
WO2013000066A1 (en) * 2011-06-29 2013-01-03 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Canola protein product with low phytic acid content ("c702")
US20170006893A1 (en) * 2011-10-19 2017-01-12 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Preparation of soy protein product using water extraction ("s803")
JP2015523090A (ja) * 2012-08-02 2015-08-13 バーコン ニュートラサイエンス （エムビー） コーポレイションＢｕｒｃｏｎ Ｎｕｔｒａｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ （Ｍｂ） Ｃｏｒｐ． ヘンプからの可溶性タンパク質製品（「ｈ７０１」）の製造
CA2905176A1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-18 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of pulse protein product
JP5682697B1 (ja) * 2013-12-24 2015-03-11 不二製油株式会社 植物性分離蛋白およびその製造法
TWI758235B (zh) 2014-07-28 2022-03-21 加拿大商柏康營養科學公司 豆類蛋白質產品（「ｙｐ８１０」）的製備
US10433571B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2019-10-08 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Preparation of soy protein products (“S810”)
WO2016042001A1 (en) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Method for producing an oil seed protein mix
CA3007335C (en) * 2015-12-17 2023-01-03 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Rapeseed protein isolate, food comprising the isolate and use as foaming or emulsifying agent
WO2019110556A1 (en) * 2017-12-05 2019-06-13 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Sweet rapeseed protein isolate
CA3084271A1 (en) * 2017-12-05 2019-06-13 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Decolored rapeseed protein isolate
US10143226B1 (en) 2018-01-15 2018-12-04 Innovative Proteins Holding, LLC Yellow pea protein compositions with high digestibilities and amino acid scores
EP3669662A1 (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-24 Avril A sunflower seed protein isolate and a process for producing the same
RU2760530C1 (ru) * 2020-10-20 2021-11-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия" Способ определения остаточных количеств феноксикарба в почве методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии
CA3199842A1 (en) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Apparo, Llc Extracts from oil seeds and methods for processing oil seeds

Family Cites Families (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736147A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-05-29 Coca Cola Co Process for preparing protein products
US4072670A (en) * 1976-10-26 1978-02-07 Mead Johnson & Company Low phytate isoelectric precipitated soy protein isolate
US4158656A (en) * 1978-02-27 1979-06-19 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Oilseed processing
CA1099576A (en) 1978-03-23 1981-04-21 Chester D. Myers Improved process for isolation of proteins
US4309344A (en) * 1979-09-07 1982-01-05 Ralston Purina Company Process for the production of a protein isolate having improved whiteness
CA1139307A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-01-11 Jacquelyn J. Cameron Protein isolation procedure
US4697004A (en) * 1985-09-06 1987-09-29 Bristol-Myers Company Process for preparing low phytate soy protein isolate
US4889921A (en) * 1987-04-29 1989-12-26 The University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation Production of rapeseed protein materials
JPH0568488A (ja) * 1991-09-13 1993-03-23 Kao Corp 油糧種子由来蛋白質の製造方法
US5844086A (en) * 1996-01-31 1998-12-01 Stilts Corporation Oil seed protein extraction
JP3743732B2 (ja) 1997-01-28 2006-02-08 パイオニア株式会社 光ピックアップ装置
US6146669A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-11-14 Cargill Incorporated Method for processing oilseed material
AU754448B2 (en) * 1998-07-29 2002-11-14 Fuji Oil Company Limited Soybean protein hydrolysates, their production and use
US6706295B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-16 The Procter & Gamble Co. Compositions comprising arabinogalactan and a defined protein component
CA2445150C (en) * 2001-05-04 2010-11-02 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Canola protein isolate functionality i
US8741356B2 (en) * 2001-05-04 2014-06-03 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of oil seed protein isolate
CA2445147C (en) * 2001-05-04 2012-09-11 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Production of oil seed protein isolate
SE524075C2 (sv) * 2001-10-04 2004-06-22 Bjurenvall Ingemar Förfarande för fraktionering av oljefröpresskakor och mjöl
BR0213541A (pt) * 2001-10-23 2004-08-31 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp Composição alimentìcia que compreende um isolado de proteìna de canola
CA2363451C (en) * 2001-11-20 2005-05-10 Mcn Bioproducts Inc. Oilseed processing
MXPA04004731A (es) 2001-11-20 2004-07-30 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp Proceso continuo para producir un aislado de proteina de semilla oleaginosa.
DE60231832D1 (de) 2001-12-13 2009-05-14 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp Erhöhte gewinnung von ölsaatprotein
US7211288B2 (en) 2002-03-12 2007-05-01 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Canola protein isolate functionality III
RU2343711C2 (ru) 2002-04-15 2009-01-20 Баркон Ньютрасайнс (Мб) Корп. Композиция изолята канолового белка (canola protein)
EP1513415B1 (en) * 2002-06-20 2009-05-06 Burcon Nutrascience (MB) Corp. Colour reduction in canola protein isolate
ES2315504T3 (es) 2002-06-21 2009-04-01 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Extraccion de proteina de harina de semillas oleaginosas de canola.
JP2007508001A (ja) * 2003-06-20 2007-04-05 バーコン ニュートラサイエンス （エムビー） コーポレイション 油糧種子ミール調製
US7611735B2 (en) * 2004-01-20 2009-11-03 Burcon Nutrascience (Mb) Corp. Canola protein isolate
BRPI0510754B1 (pt) * 2004-05-07 2016-01-19 Burcon Nutrascience Mb Corp processo para preparação de um isolado de proteína

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2006143193A (ru) 2008-06-20
AU2005239774B2 (en) 2010-07-08
BRPI0510754B1 (pt) 2016-01-19
RU2363234C2 (ru) 2009-08-10
WO2005107492A1 (en) 2005-11-17
EP1771084B1 (en) 2013-03-20
BRPI0510754A (pt) 2007-11-20
EP1771084A1 (en) 2007-04-11
KR20070020054A (ko) 2007-02-16
NZ551476A (en) 2009-04-30
EP1771084A4 (en) 2007-08-22
US7687088B2 (en) 2010-03-30
MXPA06012855A (es) 2007-02-15
CA2564400A1 (en) 2005-11-17
AU2005239774A1 (en) 2005-11-17
KR101195414B1 (ko) 2012-10-29
US20100179305A1 (en) 2010-07-15
CA2564400C (en) 2012-02-28
HK1107656A1 (en) 2008-04-11
US20050255226A1 (en) 2005-11-17
JP2007535948A (ja) 2007-12-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4680989B2 (ja) タンパク質単離処理におけるフィチン酸の低減
CN1933738B (zh) 新型卡诺拉分离蛋白
JP4383345B2 (ja) カノーラ油料種子粕からのタンパク質の抽出
CN101370390B (zh) 涉及等电沉淀的卡诺拉分离蛋白的制备
JP4406286B2 (ja) 油料種子蛋白質単離物の連続製造方法
JP2012500011A (ja) 熱処理なしのキャノーラタンパク質単離物「Ｃ２００Ｃａ」の製造
KR20110056487A (ko) 단백질 미셀 덩어리로부터 가용성 카놀라(ｃａｎｏｌａ) 단백질 분리물 생산
US20100041871A1 (en) Preparation of Canola Protein Isolate from Canola Oil Seeds ("Blendertein")
KR20110069777A (ko) 유상식품
CN1988811B (zh) 用于减少肌醇六磷酸的蛋白质分离方法
JP2015163080A (ja) 熱処理なしのキャノーラタンパク質製品（Ｃ２００ＣａＣ）の製造
HK1107656B (en) Protein isolation procedures for reducing phytic acid
US20130331551A1 (en) Preparation of canola protein isolate from canola oil seeds ("blendertein")
HK1158898A (en) Preparation of canola protein isolate from canola oil seeds ( "blendertein" )
HK1128596A (en) Preparation of canola protein isolate involving isoelectric precipitation
HK1103944B (en) Novel canola protein isolate

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20080502

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20080502

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20100121

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20100203

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20100506

A602 Written permission of extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602

Effective date: 20100513

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20100603

A602 Written permission of extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602

Effective date: 20100610

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20100803

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20100901

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20101130

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20110104

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20110203

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140210

Year of fee payment: 3

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees